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Responses at Individual Gamma Frequencies Are Related to the Processing Speed but Not the Inhibitory Control
Get PDFThe link between the state of networks underlying the generation of periodic responses at gamma ranges and cognitive outcomes is still poorly understood. In this study, we tested the idea that the individual differences in the ability to generate responses to auditory stimulation at gamma frequencies may underlie the individual differences in the inhibitory control. We focused on the processing speed and accuracy in the Bivalent Shape Task (a cognitive inhibition task assessing attentional interference) and explored the relationship with responses at 40 Hz and at individual gamma frequencies (IGFs, assessed utilizing auditory envelope-following responses in 30–60 Hz range). In a sample of 70 subjects, we show that individual measures (phase-locking index and event-related spectral perturbation) of the ability to generate gamma-range activity are not related to the individual differences in inhibitory control but rather reflect basic information processing speed in healthy young subjects. With the individualized approach (at IGFs), the observed associations were found to be somewhat stronger. These findings have important implications for the interpretation of gamma activity in neuropsychiatric disorders
Lipid and cellular profiles of acetabular and femoral bone marrow adipose tissues are distinct in hip osteoarthritis patients
Get PDFBone marrow (BM) adipose tissue (BMAT) has been described as lipotoxic factor with negative impacts on skeletal system regeneration and repair. As BMAT undergoes metabolic and cellular
adaptations with age and disease, we assumed that investigation of BMAT-associated lipid profile and cellularity at different skeletal locations in osteoarthritis (OA) patients might contribute to understanding of lipid involvement in OA development and progression.Acetabular and femoral BM, and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue (fSAT) were obtained from
matched patients (n=11, 5 women, 6 men; age: 65±11 years; BMI: 27.89±4.42 kg/m2) undergoing hip arthroplasty surgery (Ethical approval I-97/11). BM, BMAT and fSAT were explored at the levels of total lipids, fatty acids, and cells, by using thin layer and gas chromatography and ex vivo cellular 24734039, 2023, S3, Downloaded from https://asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbm4.10738 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [23/01/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License assays. Statistical significance was estimated by non-parametric tests and Spearman’s rank correlation (r) was calculated.BMAT content was significantly higher in femoral (0.262±0.088 mL/g) than in acetabular BM (0.063±0.051 mL/g) (n=11, p=0.016). Negative associations with BMI of patients were found for femoral BM (r=-0.783, p=0.017, n=11) and BMAT (n=9, r=-1.000, p=0.017) tissue cellularity.
Additionally, femoral BMAT cellularity declined with age (r=-0.675, n=10, p=0.037). Total lipid analyses revealed significantly lower triglyceride content in femoral than in acetabular BMAT and fSAT. Frequency of saturated palmitic, myristic and stearic acids were higher in femoral than in acetabular BMAT and fSAT, where palmitoleic, linoleic, oleic acids were more dominant. BMAT associated compartments from both locations host lower frequency of non-hematopoietic CD45- neutral lipid-loaded cells when compared to BM. This associated with higher incidence of clonogenic mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells in acetabular (0.032± 0.04%) and femoral (0.021± 0.028%) BMATs and fSAT (0.031 ± 0.016%) than in their BM counterparts.
Collectively, our results indicate that the lipid profiles of hip BMAT impose significantly different BM microenvironments and distribution of cells with regenerative potential in OA patients
Region-specific differences of marrow adipogenesis in mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells of human acetabulum and femur: involvement of fatty acid oxidation
Get PDFAging and disease-induced adipogenesis in skeletal system has been described as detrimental process for bone tissue metabolism. Dynamic of adipogenic program is controlled by microenvironmental factors and activity of bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (MSC)s. As different skeletal locations are not affected by extrinsic factors in same manner, we assumed that marrow adipogenic program can be distinct in acetabular (aMSCs) and femoral MSCs (fMSCs). Here, we compared expanded aMSCs and fMSCs from matched patients undergoing hip arthroplasty (n=6, Ethical approval I-97/11). Cellular and molecular assays were performed to investigate differences in MSC features. Statistical significance was estimated by ANOVA. Results showed that adipogenic stimuli triggered stronger adipogenesis in fMSCs when compared to acetabular counterparts (p=0.036). Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity and protein expression was higher in fMSCs than in aMSCs, along with significantly higher TNAP levels detected in mitochondrial-enriched fraction proteins in fMSCs. Stronger expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins, supercomplexes I and V was found in fMSCs than in aMSCs. This coincided with increased β-galactosidase and total intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in fMSCs. Lipid droplet accumulation was followed by upregulated tissue beta-galactosidase and TNAP activities, expression of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 24734039, 2023, S3, Downloaded from https://asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbm4.10738 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [23/01/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License (GAPDH), in parallel with stimulated ROS and mitochondrial superoxide production in both MSCs. Presence of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) inhibitor etomoxir increased gene expression of fatty acid binding protein (Fabp)4, while decreased protein and gene expression of GAPDH in both populations. Although etomoxir supported adipogenic differentiation and β-galactosidase activity in aMSCs only, TNAP activity and ROS content stayed unaltered.These results indicate that mitochondrial pathways required for energy production, ETC and FAO are bone-specific, and differently affect marrow adipogenesis in acetabular and femoral regions. Further elucidation of marrow adipogenesis can contribute to development of pharmacologic strategies to support skeletal and metabolic health
Effects of chronic supplementation with Urtica dioica L. leaf extract and chlorogenic acid on hemodynamic and biochemical parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats
No full textShortened Daily Photoperiod Alleviates Anxiety-like Behaviour by Antioxidant Effect and Changes Serum Fatty Acid Profile in Diabetic Rats
Get PDFThe aim of our study was to investigate the effects of a shortened daily photoperiod on anxiety-like behaviour, brain oxidative stress, lipid status and fatty acid composition of serum lipids in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of diabetes mellitus in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: first group—control group (C12/12); second group—diabetic group (DM12/12; 100 mg/kg STZ); third group—control group exposed to a light/dark cycle 6/18 h (C6/18); fourth group—diabetic group exposed to a light/dark cycle 6/18 h (DM6/18). Anxiety-like behaviour was tested three weeks following STZ injection by elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field test (OFT). Oxidative stress parameters were measured in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus, while lipid status and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were measured in the serum. Both EPM and OFT showed a lower degree of anxiety-like behaviour in the DM6/18 vs. DM12/12 group. Lipid peroxidation in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus was significantly lower in the DM6/18 vs. DM12/12 group (p < 0.05), associated with an increased level of antioxidant enzymes and protein thiols in the cortex and thalamus. In the DM6/18 group, oleic, vaccenic, dihomo-γ-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations were significantly higher in comparison to the DM12/12 group. A shortened daily photoperiod alleviates anxiety-like behaviour in diabetic rats by reduced lipid peroxidation and changes in the serum fatty acids profile
Effectiveness of Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19: A Community Study Comparing Four Vaccines
Get PDFThe course of the COVID-19 pandemic has been critically altered by the availability of vaccines. To assess the risk of COVID-19 in the vaccinated, as compared to the unvaccinated population, as well as the comparative effectiveness of the BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) and ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca) vaccines in the prevention of clinical infection, we carried out a retrospective study of the incidence of clinical COVID-19 in the Belgrade city municipality of Voždovac among both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during a 4-month period between 1 July and 31 October 2021. The study included all individuals with a symptomatic infection confirmed by a positive PCR and/or antigen test. Only those who received two vaccine doses were considered as vaccinated. The results showed that of the Voždovac population of 169,567, a total of 81,447 (48%) individuals were vaccinated by the end of the study. Vaccination coverage increased with age, ranging from 1.06% in those below age 18, to even 78.8% in those above 65 years of age. More than one half (57.5%) of all those vaccinated received BBIBP-CorV, while 25.2% received BNT162b2, 11.7% Gam-COVID-Vac and 5.6% ChAdOx1. The overall risk of infection of the vaccinated vs. the unvaccinated was 0.53 (95% CI 0.45–0.61). Compared to the incidence of COVID-19 of 8.05 per 1000 in the unvaccinated population, the relative risk in the vaccinated was 0.35 (95% CI 0.3–0.41). The overall VE was 65%, differing widely among age groups and by vaccine. VE was 79% for BNT162b2, 62% for BBIBP-CorV, 60% for ChAdOx1 and 54% for Gam-COVID-Vac. The VE for BBIBP-CorV and BNT162b2 increased with age. The obtained results demonstrate a significant overall effectiveness of anti-COVID-19 vaccination, which, however, varied significantly among the analyzed vaccines, and was the highest for BNT162b2
Dynamic light scattering analysis of immune complexes in sera of rheumatoid arthritis patients
No full textThe size of circulating immune complexes (CICs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could be an emerging criterion in disease diagnosis. This study analyzed size and electrokinetic potential of CICs from RA patients, healthy young adults, and RA patients age-matched controls aiming to establish their unique CIC features. Pooled CIC of 30 RA patients, 30 young adults, and 30 RA group's age-matched controls (middle-aged and oldеr healthy adults), and in vitro IgG aggregates from pooled sera of 300 healthy volunteers were tested using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Size distribution of CIC in healthy young adults exhibited high polydispersity. RA CIC patients and their age-matched control showed distinctly narrower size distributions compared with young adults. In these groups, particles clustered around two well-defined peaks. Particles of peak 1 were 36.1 ± 6.8 nm in RA age-matched control, and 30.8 ± 4.2 nm in RA patients. Particles of peak 2 of the RA age-matched control's CIC was 251.7 ± 41.2 nm, while RA CIC contained larger particles (359.9 ± 50.5 nm). The lower zeta potential of RA CIC, compared to control, indicated a disease-related decrease in colloidal stability. DLS identified RA-specific, but also age-specific distribution of CIC size and opened possibility of becoming a method for CIC size analysis in IC-mediated diseases
Ensuring societal considerations are met when translating science into policy for sustainable food system transformation
No full textBackground: A food system transformation is needed to address food and nutrition security, minimise impacts on planetary health, reduce climate change emissions, and contribute to equity, diversity, and the Sustainable Development Goals.Scope and approachThis paper summarizes findings of the European Commission's High Level Expert Group on Food Systems Science, which reviewed obstacles that prevent food systems policy from achieving society-wide impacts. These barriers include knowledge and translation gaps in food-related science-policy-interfaces (SPIs), insufficient attention to the priorities of diverse stakeholders, and a failure to adequately consider equity, diversity, political economy, and societal engagements.Key findings & conclusionsThree potential pathways can ensure science and policy support food systems transformation: (1) Adapt the current SPI landscape with extra resources and a wider mandate to ensure coordinated action across the full food system, (2) Enhance the current policy landscape with a range of multisectoral taskforces designed to fulfill specific functions such as creating an enhanced food systems data portal, and (3) Establish a “network of networks” to provide both global coordination as well as organize defined agendas at global through to regional scales. In embarking on these pathways, a revised science-policy-society landscape (SPSIs) should deliver the following core functions: (1) Engage and empower multi-stakeholder dialogue; (2) Build capacity at multiple scales to translate evidence into tangible real-world outcomes; (3) Ensure access to openly accessible data for the entire food system; (4) Use models, forecasts, and scenario building exercises to explore the potential future of food systems; (5) Produce assessment reports and policy publications; and (6) Establish fora for diplomacy that will be empowered to create standards set targets and establish policy
The Role of Doxycycline and IL-17 in Regenerative Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: Implications in Periodontitis
Get PDFPeriodontitis (PD) is a degenerative, bacteria-induced chronic disease of periodontium causing bone resorption and teeth loss. It includes a strong reaction of immune cells through the secretion of proinflammatory factors such as Interleukin-17 (IL-17). PD treatment may consider systemic oral antibiotics application, including doxycycline (Dox), exhibiting antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties along with supportive activity in wound healing, thus affecting alveolar bone metabolism. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether Dox can affect the regenerative potential of periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLSCs) modulated by IL-17 in terms of cell migration, osteogenic potential, bioenergetics and expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). Our findings indicate that Dox reduces the stimulatory effect of IL-17 on migration and MMP-2 expression in PDLSCs. Furthermore, Dox stimulates osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, annulling the inhibitory effect of IL-17 on PDLSCs osteogenesis. In addition, analyses of mitochondrial respiration reveal that Dox decreases oxygen consumption rate in PDLSCs exposed to IL-17, suggesting that changes in metabolic performance can be involved in Dox-mediated effects on PDLSCs. The pro-regenerative properties of Dox in inflammatory microenvironment candidates Dox in terms of regenerative therapy of PD-affected periodontium are observed
Detection of the Xanthi Chryso-like Virus in New Geographical Area and a Novel Arthropod Carrier
Get PDFHere, we report on a serendipitous finding of a chryso-like virus associated with Culex pipiens mosquitos in the course of study aimed to detect and characterize West Nile virus (WNV) circulating in mosquitos in Serbia, Southern Europe. Upon initial detection of unexpected product in a PCR protocol for partial WNV NS5 gene amplification, further confirmation and identification was obtained through additional PCR and Sanger sequencing experiments. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis identified the obtained sequences as Xanthi chryso-like virus (XCLV). The finding is particular for the fact that it associates XCLV with a new potential vector species and documents a novel geographical area of its distribution