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Modelling interactions of multiple myeloma and infection for improved investigations of myeloma bone disease
No full textLiver phospholipid fatty acid composition in response to chronic high-fat diets
No full textLiver phospholipid fatty acid composition depends on the dietary lipid intake and the efficiency of hepatic enzymatic activity. Our study aimed to simultaneously investigate the liver phospholipid fatty acid composition in response to chronic linseed, palm, or sunflower oil diets. We used adult female C57/BL6 mice and randomly divided them into control and three groups treated with 25 % dietary oils. Prior to treatment, we analyzed the fatty acid profiles in dietary oils and hepatocytes and, after 100 days, the fatty acid composition in the liver using gas-liquid chromatography. Linseed oil treatment elevated alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic acids and reduced arachidonic and docosatetraenoic acids, consequently lowering the n-6/n-3 ratio. Palm oil treatment increased linoleic acid and decreased docosahexaenoic acid, contributing to an elevated n-6/n-3 ratio. Sunflower oil treatment elevated total monounsaturated fatty acids by increasing palmitoleic, oleic, and vaccenic acids. The estimated activity of Δ9 desaturase was significantly elevated in the sunflower oil group, while Δ5 desaturase was the highest, and Δ6 desaturase was the lowest after the linseed oil diet. Our findings demonstrate that chronic consumption of linseed, palm, or sunflower oil alters the distribution of liver phospholipid fatty acids differently. Sunflower oil diet elevated total monounsaturated fatty acids, proposing potential benefits for liver tissue health. Considering these outcomes, a substantial recommendation emerges to elevate linseed oil intake, recognized as the principal ALA source, thereby aiding in reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio. Moreover, modifying dietary habits to incorporate specific vegetable oils in daily consumption could substantially enhance overall health
Quantitative proteomic profiling of myoblasts from patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and their unaffected siblings
No full textFacioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) affects around 1 in 8000 to 22000 individuals
worldwide. The key molecular cause of the disease is the ectopic expression of the double-homeodomain 4 transcription factor (DUX4) that initiates large-scale aberrant gene expression within
the muscle cell, resulting in progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Although gene expression
changes have been intensively studied, changes in the proteome in FSHD patients are not established.
Here, primary myoblasts (n=2) derived from FSHD patients and their unaffected siblings
(UASb) were cultured for 24h. We used label-free LC-MS/MS quantitation to measure protein abundance at baseline and after 24h. A total of 4266 proteins were included in the analysis. On average, protein abundance was not different between groups. However, at the level of individual proteins,180 exhibited a significant difference in abundance at baseline (P<0.05). Gene ontology revealed the downregulation of RNA binding proteins (heterogeneous and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins)
and upregulation of some proteins involved in negative regulators of muscle development: LMCD1
(1.24-fold) and TGFBR2 (1.10-fold). After 24h, 179 proteins were significantly different (P<0.05).
FSHD cells were characterized by the downregulation of many E3 ligases such as E3 ubiquitin-protein
ligase DTX3L (1.6-fold), and proteasomal subunits (PSMA5, PSMB4, PSMC1, and PSME2). Surprisingly,some E3 ligases (TRIM38, XIAP and PPP1R11) upregulated at the same time with a role inregulating the degradation of immune system proteins such as TRL2 and IFNB1. These results provide a progression toward establishing proteome changes in FSHD patients and valuable resources for potential therapeutic targets
Proinflammatory Microenvironment in Adenocarcinoma Tissue of Colorectal Carcinoma
No full textCancer-promoting proinflammatory microenvironment influences colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We examined the biomarkers of inflammation, intestinal differentiation, and DNA activity correlated with the clinical parameters to observe progression and prognosis in the adenocarcinoma subtype of CRC. Their immunohistology, immunoblotting, and RT-PCR analyses were performed in the adenocarcinoma and neighboring healthy tissues of 64 patients with CRC after routine colorectal surgery. Proinflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling as well as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and S100 protein levels were upregulated in adenocarcinoma compared with nearby healthy colon tissue. In contrast to nitrotyrosine expression, the oxidative stress marker 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was increased in adenocarcinoma tissue. Biomarkers of intestinal differentiation β-catenin and mucin 2 (MUC2) were inversely regulated, with the former upregulated in adenocarcinoma tissue and positively correlated with tumor marker CA19-9. Downregulation of MUC2 expression correlated with the increased 2-year survival rate of patients with CRC. Proliferation-related mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling was activated, and Ki67 frequency was three-fold augmented in positive correlation with metastasis and cancer stage, respectively. Conclusion: We demonstrated a parallel induction of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in adenocarcinoma tissue that was not reflected in the neighboring healthy colon tissue of CRC. The expansiveness of colorectal adenocarcinoma was confirmed by irregular intestinal differentiation and elevated proliferation biomarkers, predominantly Ki67. The origin of the linked inflammatory factors was in adenocarcinoma tissue, with an accompanying systemic immune response
IgG heavy chain glycosylation in Holstein-Friesian calves aged from one to four months
No full textIntroduction: It is known that expression of terminal monosaccharides of IgG heavy chains’ glycans determinate pro-or anti-inflammatory phenotypes of this immunoglobulin class. In this study we analysed age-related changes in the expression of terminal galactose and sialic acid on IgG heavy chains in calves aged from one month (starting pre-ruminant to the ruminant phase transition; almost no maternal IgG) to four months (ruminant digestion established; IgG synthesis established).
Methods: The IgG was isolated by protein G affinity chromatography from pooled peripheral blood serum samples of calves aged 1, 2, 3, and 4 months (20 calves per group). The expression of galactose and sialic acid on IgG heavy chains was analysed by Ricinus communis (RCA I) and Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectin blotting.
Results: The expression of galactose on IgG heavy chains was highest in one-month-old calves, decreased gradually with age, and in fourth-month old calves dropped to 40% of the initial value. The expression of sialic acid was lowest in one-month-old calves, then sharply increased three times in two-month-old calves and stayed almost unchanged till four months of age.
Discussion: Observed age-dependant increase the sialic acid expression on IgG heavy chains from the first to the fourth month of life indicate an age-related increase in IgG molecules having anti-inflammatory phenotype. This might represent mechanisms of protection of immature tissues from inflammatory damages in calves. If the increased level of sialic acid could be associated with the pre-ruminant to ruminant digestion transition and adaptation to rumen microbiome remains to be determined.8th European Veterinary Immunology Workshop (EVIW) "Working together", 4th-6th September 2024, Dublin, Irelan
Elongation index derivative as a new mechanobiological parameter in Diabetes mellitus patients
No full textErythrocyte deformability plays pivotal role in blood circulation in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients [1,2].
Comparative examination of erythrocyte mechanical properties in DM patients and healthy donors was
conducted. We mainly focused on calculating the Elongation Index (EI) which was obtained from diffraction
images, measured by using ektacytometry. No statistically significant difference in EI values on specific
physiologically relevant pressures (3Pa or at half maximal value of deformability curve) between DM and
control was found, and we introduced the first derivative of deformability curve (dEI/dSS) as a measure for
assessing erythrocyte response to deformation (SS denotes shear stress in Pa). Significantly higher values of
dEI/dSS at the half maximum value of the deformability curve were noted in healthy people comparing to DM
patients, indicating a slower erythrocyte response to shear stress in DM. Scatter plot analysis exhibited a linear
decline in the dEI/dSS ratio with increasing shear stress, suggesting reduced erythrocyte responsiveness to
higher shear stress, particularly evident in DM. Although preliminary, this investigation indicates that dEI/dSS
may offer valuable insights into the hemorheological alterations of DM and enhance comprehension of
erythrocyte mechanobiological behavior under different shear stress conditions. Correlations between the
proposed measure of erythrocyte mechanical properties and established clinical indicators of DM and its
complications such as serum cholesterol and creatinine, will be further explored to gain understanding of the
potential application of dEI/dSS for improved diagnosis and/or patient care
Elongation index derivative: a promising hemorheological parameter in Diabetes mellitus erythrocyte analysis
No full textAim. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is greatly impacted by alterations in the deformability of the erythrocyte membrane [1,2]. Moreover, there is strong evidence suggesting that hemorheological determinants, such as the calculated Elongation Index (EI) from deformability measurements, play a crucial role in the development of diabetic organ complications, notably retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy [3,4]. We measured the deformability of red blood cells in patients with DM by analyzing the erythrocyte EI and its change in response to shear stress (SS) (dEI/dSS) at specific physiologically relevant points, to be used as a new hemorheological parameter.
Materials and methods. For all samples tested, DM erythrocytes (n=13) and age- and sex-matched controls (n=11), we used a RheoScan-D300 ektacytometer (RheoMeditech Inc., Korea).
Results and discussion. Although statistically insignificant differences were found in EI values between the DM and control groups, the study uncovered specific data points on the deformability curve and highlighted the potential of the first derivative of the deformability curve (dEI/dSS) as an indicator of red blood cell response to deformation. Notably, statistically significant variations in dEI/dSS at the half maximum value of the deformability curve were observed, suggesting a delayed red blood cell response to shear stress in individuals with DM. Moreover, scatter plot analysis revealed a linear decline in the dEI/dSS index with increasing shear stress, indicating a reduced red blood cell responsiveness to higher shear stress levels, particularly prominent in DM patients.
Conclusion. Despite being a pilot study, understanding the relationship between dEI/dSS and DM pathology could significantly enhance our knowledge of how red blood cells respond the different shear stress levels, offering crucial insights into the hemorheological implications and contributing to a comprehensive understanding of their mechanobiological behavior [5]
The Influence of Different LED Light Treatments on the Growth and Salt Stress Tolerance of Cauliflower Microgreens In Vitro
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different LED lights on the growth of cauliflower microgreens and to determine which combination of LED light best increases tolerance to salt stress and promotes the growth and accumulation of secondary antioxidants in the presence of salt stress in vitro. Plants were grown in a growth chamber under different LED light treatments (red light, blue light, a combination of red and blue light, and cool white light) and in MS media with different NaCl concentrations (0, 50, and 100 mM). The effects of the different light qualities and salt stress conditions on growth, content of photosynthetic pigment, flavonoids, phenol, proline, and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured. The best treatments for microgreen development, according to the data, were those that combined red and blue light. In addition to increasing stress tolerance and enabling plant growth at a lower salt concentration (50 mM NaCl), the combination of blue and red light also enhanced the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant potential of microgreens grown in vitro, which may have nutritional and pharmaceutical value
Hyperbaric Oxygenation: Can It Be a Novel Supportive Method in Acute Kidney Injury? Data Obtained from Experimental Studies
No full textDespite constant achievements in treatment, acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a significant public health problem and a cause of mortality in the human population. In developed countries, AKI is a significant and frequent hospital complication, especially among patients admitted to intensive care units, where mortality rates can reach up to 50%. In addition, AKI has been implicated as an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease. Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) has been used as a primary or adjunctive therapy for the past 50 years, both in experimental and clinical studies. HBO is a treatment in which the patient is occasionally exposed to 100% oxygen at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure at sea level. However, despite decades of extensive research, the potentially beneficial effects of this therapeutic approach are still not fully understood, although many potential mechanisms have been proposed, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, etc. Furthermore, the low cost and insignificant adverse events make HBO a potentially important strategy in the prevention and treatment of different diseases. Considering all of this, this review highlights the potential role of HBO in maintaining cellular homeostasis disrupted due to AKI, caused in different experimental models
