Abasyn Journal of Life Sciences
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Organ Transplantation, Pros, Cons, and illustrations: A Basic Awareness to the Public
Get PDFSolid-organ transplantation saves the lives of patients affected by end-stage organ failure and enhances the quality of life. It has been developed in the last two decades and provides amazing results for children and young people and increases the growing number of elderly transplant patients with organ transplantation. Use of corticosteroids, vaccines, and other drugs to avoid infection in diseased patients. Several approaches have been developed to prolong organ obtainability, including living donor liver transplantation, split liver transplantation, and application of expanded criteria for donors and donation after circulatory death grafts. Unprincipled practices in many countries are due to the availability of organs. Organ transplantation requires screening and comparative contraindications in the recipient. The authors want to give a general awareness to the public, which is essential to know for donating and receiving organs from others
Increased pollution due to COVID-19 pandemic and bioremediation: A dire need of management
No full textThe purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the effects of COVID-19 on macro-plastic pollution and to consider short-term and long-term scenarios for its possible environmental and human health consequences and to discuss possible strategies to address and overcome key challenges. It was emphasized that, whether or not they are involved in a healthy health crisis, future actions should reflect the balance between public health and environmental protection, as there is no doubt that they are interrelated with bioremediation and microbial metabolism in the presence of optimal environmental conditions. Bioremediation uses natural and psychological microorganisms to break down toxic and harmful substances aerobically and anaerobically. It can be handled by a mixed microbial consortium or pure microbial strains on site (in situ) or off site (in the case of case) Phyto therapy or even natural care. Nutrients suitable for impurities, especially petroleum hydrocarbons are researched technologies for us, for this a biotechnological approach designed for bioremediation and observation. COVID 19 Pandemic pushed the world into a new challenge of waste management. In general, physicochemical technologies are used, which allow for proper ecological biomedical processes. Some bacteria are mobile, feel the contamination, and move towards it to neutralize it. This review emphasizes on current pollution, which is result of COVID 19 pandemic, as people follow use and discard strategies for different things which is a threat to our environment
Effects of Staphylococcus aureus hemolysin toxins on blood cells and association with skin and soft tissue infections
Get PDFStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is gram positive, catalase positive cocci which belongs to the family of Staphylococcaceae and is long known as clinical and foodborne pathogen. The emergence of multidrug resistance strain of S. aureus which is methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) challenges the health care system because it can cause wide variety of hospital and community acquired skin and soft tissue infections which are difficult to treat. The virulence of S. aureus is because of different factors which includes toxins, enzymes and superantigens. S. aureus produce variety of exotoxins, enterotoxins and exfoliative toxins which contributes to the virulence of S. aureus. Hemolysin toxins produce by S. aureus strains are associated with different skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and can cause the lysis of RBCs. Hemolysins are regulated by accessory gene regulator (agr) and is required for the enhanced expression of virulence factors secreted by S. aureus. Hemolysins have leucolytic activity and can help in iron scavenging from host. The most important toxin is alpha hemolysin which can induce the apoptosis and cause the lysis of epithelial cells, erythrocytes and keratinocytes. Human immune cells are affected by beta hemolysin and gamma hemolysin is a biocomponent toxin. Delta hemolysin is low molecular weight exotoxin which belongs to the class of phenol soluble modulins
Comparative performance of top cross and population cross hybrids in white Maize using a common tester
Get PDFImproved maize populations and cross hybrids can be beneficial alternatives for commercial single-cross hybrids and good elite sources for diverse inbred lines. A set of 22 genotypes comprised 10 population crosses, 10 top crosses, and two check cultivars were evaluated at Cereal Crop Research Institute, Pirsabak-Nowshera, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in 2014. This research's major aims were to determine the magnitude of heterosis and the degree of character association between yield and its attributes to select superior genotypes from the breeding material. Data were recorded on maturity, and yield associated traits, where significant genetic variability was observed among the genotypes for all the studied traits except days to silking. Mean values for the studied traits ranged from 44 to 52 days for tasseling, 48 to 54 days for anthesis, 49 to 54 days for silking, -1.33 to 2.33 for the anthesis-silking interval, 2.53 to 8.47 kg for fresh ear weight, 12 to 16 rows for kernel rows cob-1, 27.15 to 37.49 g for 100-kernel weight and 2830 to 7649 kg ha-1 for grain yield. Days to silking, anthesis silking interval, and kernel rows cob-1 showed low broad sense heritability (12.08%, 24.84%, 27.59%), days to tasseling, days to anthesis revealed moderate heritability (40.53%, 36.62%), while fresh ear, 100-kernel weight, and grain yield exhibited high broad-sense heritability (94.89%, 82.33%, 90%). Negative and significant heterotic values were observed for maturity traits, while heterotic values were positive and significant for yield-associated traits. Correlation analysis revealed that characters like fresh ear weight (r = 0.93) and 100-kernel weight (r = 0.50) manifested a strong positive and significant association with grain yield. Based on mean performance and grain yield, promising hybrids were 3008F3 x 2007-WC and 3008F3 x 2010.
Human Gut MicroBiota in Transferring the Blues: A Review
No full textFor more than 2000 years, Hippocrates' notion that has been true that “the beginning of every disease is at the gut”, microbiology, neurology, and gastroenterology have all progressed with every clock’s tick and noteworthy success in contemporary medicine is seen and made in their trajectory and relationships .Gut microbial flora has lately been discovered to have a have an important effect on physiology, that also includes gut brain Organization, and behaviour. Human beings live in a microbial environment, coevolving with the microbiota—a huge amount of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses that live within their bodies, particularly in the intestines. Microorganisms' roles in forming the intestinal flora might be classified as beneficial, harmful, or neutral to the host. The impact that of the gut microbiota on the immune system, brain development, and behaviour has come under the radar recently. In the previous five years, PubMed has published over 90% of the more than 4,000 articles on microbiota. The potential of the enteric microbiota and its metabolites to regulate gut permeability, mucosal immune function, intestinal motility and sensitivity, as well as the activity of the enteric nervous system, modulates gastrointestinal (GI) functions (ENS). Dysbiosis (alteration of the gut microbiota) occurs as a result of gastrointestinal disease or its treatment. Dybiosis is linked to all major gut illnesses, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and celiac disease. The purpose this review serves is to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of the gut-brain axis, as well as the gut microbiota's potential impact on depression. It will also cover current advances in specific processes of gut microbiota-brain interaction, keeping in mind the impact of psychological stress
Evaluation of different fungicides against stalk rot of Maize caused by Fusarium moniliforme
Get PDFMaize is the world's leading crop and is widely cultivated as a cereal grain, it is the only food cereal crop that can be grown in diverse seasons, ecologies and uses. Maize yields in Pakistan are very poor due to insect pests and diseases. Among them, the stalk rot of maize caused by Fusarium moniliforme is very important. Keeping in view the huge losses caused by the disease, the present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected fungicides against the disease development under field conditions and on the plant growth and yield parameters. A total of six fungicides were used such as Scoure, Plyrem, Topguard, Ridomil, Fenatac M, and Cobox with three different concentrations i.e., (50, 100 and 200 ppm). The effect on disease incidence, growth and yield parameters such as plant height, root length, root weight, leaf weight per plant, grain weight, and biological yield (t acre-1) were recorded. The results showed that all applied fungicides significantly affect against stalk rot of maize caused by F. moniliforme. The maximum plant height, root length, root weight, leaf weight per plant, grain weight and biological yield (t acre-1) was noted under Ridomil and Scoure fungicides, followed by Topguard, Cobox, Plyrem and Fenatac M. Whereas, the minimum plant height, root length, root weight, leaf weight per plant, grain weight, and biological yield (t acre-1) was observed under control plants where no fungicides were applied
EXPLORING THE BEST NP RATIO FOR WHEAT IN PERSPECTIVE OF PRESENT FARMER FERTILIZER BUDGET
No full textFarming community has a limited budget for various inputs like fertilizers for crops. Farmers usually allocate more money to nitrogen fertilizers while spending less money on phosphorus. Field experiments were carried out at farmers’ fields to explore the effect of various ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer while keeping the farmers’ budget constant. Fertilizer experiments were conducted on wheat in Punjab Pakistan during years 2015-16 to 2017-18 at different locations in Punjab. Five different ratios (4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1.7:1) of N and P were used with treatments of 152-37-0, 137-46-0, 117-58-0, 108-64-0, 160-114-0. Recommended dose of 160-114-60 kg ha-1 of N-P2O5-K2O was also applied for additional information. At maturity, crop was harvested and data of wheat grain for each site were recorded. During the year 2015-16, 12 sites produced higher wheat yield with NP ratio of 1.7:1 (T4) out of 14 field sites. Similarly in 2016-17, out of 19, 18 experimental sites produced higher grain yield with T4 as economically best fertilizer combination. Similar results were obtained during 2017-18 with T4 and out of 17, 15 experimental sites produced comparatively higher grain yield. Recommended dose @ 160-114-60 kg ha-1 produced highest grain yield. However, among farmer budget treatments, T4-a combination of nitrogen@108 kg ha-1 and phosphorus@64 kg ha-1 gave higher wheat production. It is concluded that farmers can increase the yield of wheat just by balancing the fertilizer and increasing the phosphorus use in place of nitrogen
Assessment of fish oil to check the stability and meat quality of some commercially available tin packed fish in Islamabad, Pakistan
Get PDFFish contains all the essential nutrients which is important for human health so it is important to analyse all the nutrients present in tin packed fish meat. Keeping in view its importance present study is conducted on the assessment of fish oil to check the stability and quality of fish meat by proximate analysis of commercially available tin packed fish. Four tin packed fish species i.e., Sardine (Sardinella longiceps), Red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) were collected from different supermarkets of Islamabad, Pakistan. Proximate analysis viz., crude protein, crude fat, moisture and ash contents of the fish meat has been done to evaluate the meat quality. The antioxidant activity in oil was also analysed by FRAP assay. The result indicated that maximum percentage of moisture i.e., 78.61% present in Skipjack Tuna meat, Pink Salmon contain highest percentage of crude protein i.e., 70.00%, Red Salmon contain highest percentage of crude fat i.e., 30.00% while Sardine and Skipjack Tuna contains highest percentage of ash contents i.e., 8.00% and the total antioxidant capacity (uM) is higher in oil of Red Salmon (24.35%) followed by Sardines (14.78%), Skipjack Tuna (9.86%) and Pink Salmon (9.48%). It was concluded that the fish meat after thermal processing contains suitable percentage of crude protein, crude fats, and moisture and ash contents
In-Vitro evaluation of probiotic effect of Lactobacillus species for the inhibition of biofilm formation by Candida albicans
Get PDFProbiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus are well known to have a positive influence on the maintenance of human health by inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms. Lactic acid, bio-surfactant and bacteriocin are usually produced by Lactobacillus. Candida albicans as a dimorphic fungus grows both as yeast and filamentous cells. C. albicans is the most prevailing pathogen which causes the disease as an opportunistic pathogen in humans. The objective of this in vitro study model was to determine the effectiveness of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei isolated from local fruit sources against biofilm growths of C. albicans. Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar was used for isolation of bacteria. The confirmation of Lactobacillus species was carried out by microscopic as well as biochemical tests. C. albicans samples were collected from high-sugar mango fruit and the isolation was carried out by Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA). Biofilm of C. albicans was observed by micro-titration plate by using C. albicans cell suspension. The antagonistic effect of isolated Lactobacillus species on the biofilm produced by C. albicans was assessed using probiotic assay. Lactobacillus species induced a significant inhibition (p<0.05) in biofilm growths of C. albicans. The anti-biofilm potential of all Lactobacillus species was significantly (p<0.001) different from each other with Lactobacillus casei inducing maximum biofilm inhibition. The screening of probiotic characteristics and exometabolites produced by anti-candidal Lactobacillus species could precede efficacy studies for use these bacterial strains in cure of different candidal infections
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Susceptibility to HIV Infection in Local Population of Lahore Pakistan
Get PDFA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is observed at -308 position of the promoter region of tumor necrosis factor (TNF- α) gene due to which TNF is categorized into TNF1 and TNF2 allele. TNF2 allele is associated with higher concentration of TNF- α which in turn is associated with HIV infection. In order to know the association between TNF2 and HIV infection n =75 HIV positive samples and n=15 HIV negative samples were observed for TNF polymorphism. It was found that among the infected patients 53 patients had TNF2.The total percentage of the patients and controls having TNF2 allele was found to be 63.34.%. Chi square value was significant showing that there is a strong correlation between HIV susceptibility and TNF SNPs (-308) of the promoter region