Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning
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Importance of indicators in sustainable urban transformation: The Bağcılar (Istanbul) sustainability index experience
Get PDFSustainable urban transformation practices play a critical role in implementing the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainable development in cities. Sustainability indices are important parameters for achieving sustainable development goals. The use of these indices supports the making of strategic decisions for the future of cities, such as in urban transformation practices. Indicators and data are defined as vital tools for evaluating the success of sustainability policies and monitoring the economic, environmental, and social performance of cities. Establishing more comprehensive and accessible data collection systems at the local level and effectively sharing this data is crucial for developing policies based on these indices. This study aims to emphasize the critical importance of sustainable urban transformation practices in relation to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by showcasing the experiences gained during the development of a Sustainability Index for Bağcılar, a densely urbanized district in Istanbul. Bağcılar offers an important area of study in terms of sustainability with its dynamics such as rapid population growth, dense construction and socio-economic differences. Planning urban transformation projects within the framework of sustainability principles is a strategic necessity for Istanbul and similar metropolitan cities. By establishing a system that tracks regular, reliable, and internationally standardized data, it will be possible to create measurable, reportable, and comparable targets for sustainable urban transformation practices. However, in developing countries like Turkey, deficiencies in data collection and analysis processes make it difficult to achieve sustainability goals. This study suggests that improving data collection processes and increasing transparency are fundamental steps to ensuring sustainable urban transformation
A tale of Aliağa: Transformation from a farm to an industrial hub
Get PDFWithin capitalist production relations, industrialization processes and policies change and transform settlements socially, economically and spatially. This change and transformation also change the hierarchy and gradation system between settlements, which are described as urban systems. In this context, Aliağa is an important settlement located in İzmir, the third largest metropolis in Turkey, and has been referred to as an industrial zone since the 1960s and has strategic importance as a national and international import and export port. While it was a rural settlement where farm and farm workers lived, it has been transformed into a settlement where macro-scale investment decisions such as special industrial zones, organized industrial zones, industrial areas, energy conversion facilities, thermal power plants, ports, railways and highways are located. While this process is still dynamic, it has become an important settlement chosen by large capital integrated into international production and value chain networks. While industrial areas have increased more than 3-fold in the district between 1990 and 2018, capital accumulation continues to accelerate with new investment decisions. Today, the fact that it hosts the country\u27s largest foreign-capital companies (PETKİM, TÜPRAŞ, HABAŞ, SOCAR, NEMPORT, STAR Rafineri, etc.) and that the ship dismantling facilities, which are the only ship recycling facilities in the country, are located here, carries the district to an important position. When examined in terms of İzmir cargo regimes in 2020 (export, import, cabotage and transit), having one of the most important ports of the country with a share of 75.1% (İzmir Development Agency; 2022) has also brought the district to the forefront, and the settlement has entered a rapid change and transformation process. This study analyzes the historicity of the industrialization, capital concentration and spatial transformation processes of Aliağa district using qualitative (examination of studies on the historicity of Aliağa) and quantitative data-based (ISO 1000 company ranking, satellite images, plan studies) methods. It analyzes the "growth" adventure of a village settlement that has a population of over 100 thousand at the end of a 70-year period and has become an industrial city with industrial zones, ports and energy infrastructures, and the growth process initiated by public investments guided by development plans, which accelerated and transformed with the impetus of private sector investments, by analyzing the periodic development of capital accumulation and industrialization dynamics. This study differs from the literature by analyzing the spatiality of capital accumulation cycles and contributes to the literature by analyzing how the tendency of capital accumulation affects its spatial change and transformation in the example of Aliağa district
Clay 3D printing: Exploring the interrelations of materials and techniques:
Get PDFThis research aims to design an algorithm for optimizing clay 3DP. The algorithm\u27s inputs are defined by combining the results of previous research and specific clay information selected from different regions of Anatolia, utilizing the design of experiment methodology. The design parameters include angle, profile and height; printing parameters include compressor pressure, speed, and layer height; and material parameters are assessed through drop spike, tube pressure, and flow rate tests. Once the inputs and their computation ranges were defined, the algorithm was tested with various inputs and corresponding physical prints to evaluate its recommendation capability. The test prints demonstrated that the printing suggestions made by the algorithm for design, printing and material parameters were suitable for the given parameter inputs. With its current state, the research is not an expert tool for recommendation but a base of a more complex framework for further research
Analysis of the facade and spatial quality of educational buildings of the first national architecture period: The case of Konya
Get PDFIn the last years of the 19th century, architects who were under the influence of the nationalist ideas that developed in the last years of the 19th century and were strengthened with the declaration of the constitutional monarchy, led to the emergence of the First National Architectural Period as a reaction. They also considered this period as an eclectic architectural style in which they reinterpreted the facade, plan and ornamental elements of Ottoman and Seljuk architecture with Western construction techniques. In this architectural process, many public buildings, hotels, bank buildings, ministry buildings, educational buildings and residences were built. Educational buildings are an important group among the new types of buildings constructed in Konya, which has maintained its political and cultural importance throughout history. In this study, the façade and spatial quality analyses of the Sanayi Mektebi, Male Teachers\u27 High School (Dârü-l Muallimin), Girl Teachers\u27 School (Dârü-l Muallimat) and Gazi Mustafa Kemal, Hakimiyet-i Milliye and İsmet Paşa Primary Schools, which are among the educational buildings built during the First National Architectural Period and which contributed to the identity of the city of Konya, were examined. The authenticity and conservation values of the selected educational buildings were determined and compared with each other. According to the results obtained from the façade and spatial analyses of these samples; authenticity values are determined depending on the rate of having the characteristics of the period and conservation criteria. The fact that no previous study has been carried out in this period and group of buildings using the method defined increases the originality value of the subject
Effect of phase change materials on building heating and cooling load considering different wall combinations
Get PDFIn this study, energy analyzes were carried out on a sample building for wall types where 3 main materials (brick, concrete block, aerated concrete) and 3 different insulation materials were used in different combinations, taking into account the situations with and without PCM. Building heating and cooling loads for 39 different scenarios derived in this way were determined by taking into account the coldest and hottest days of the year and also as the total energy need during the year. Analyzes were made with the Design Builder program and the results are presented with tables and graphs. By comparing and classifying the total energy loads of wall samples created for 39 different scenarios during the year, wall types that gave more positive results were determined. Three different PCM types with melting temperatures of 21 °C, 23 °C and 29 °C were used in the analyses. Based on the main material of the wall, three walls with the best performance among their main materials were initially determined. Then, among the wall types consisting of these 3 main materials (brick, concrete block, aerated concrete), the walls that showed the best performance were determined among the combinations created with the addition of insulation material and PCM. According to the results of the simulations, 25% energy savings were achieved when only insulation materials (XPS, EPS, Rock Wool) were used in the building envelope, and 9% energy savings were achieved when only PCM was used. By using PCM and insulation materials (XPS, EPS, Rock Wool) together, 30% energy savings were achieved
Exploring the impact of landscape design on user preferences in shopping centers post the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFThis study explores the impact of landscape design, which has gained importance alongside architectural changes in shopping centers, and investigates preferences in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. Although e-commerce has increased during the pandemic, research and societal behaviors suggest that shopping centers will continue to serve as contemporary agoras due to their socialization and leisure functions. However, in response to the pandemic, it is anticipated that newly designed shopping centers will be architecturally conceived as semi-outdoor or outdoor spaces, regardless of climate conditions. This transformation will involve the softening of rigid appearances through landscape elements, making them both ecologically and psychologically sustainable. The number of studies on this subject is limited. To address this knowledge gap, an online survey was conducted with 586 randomly selected users across nine shopping centers located in three major cities of Turkey: Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir, with three shopping centers in each city. The survey investigated users\u27 preferences for architectural styles (indoor, semi-outdoor, or outdoor) and landscape design in shopping centers. The findings of the study indicate that post-pandemic, outdoor and semi-outdoor shopping centers are likely to be preferred more frequently. An emphasis is likely to be placed on natural landscape elements such as plants and water features in landscape design. Furthermore, shopping center designs are likely to become simpler, offering comfortable and spacious navigation areas while optimizing parking and transportation conditions. This study is expected to shed light on decision-making processes for future shopping centers. By incorporating consumer preferences, architects can enhance the sustainability of shopping center investments through next-generation design
Modeling demand factors for sustainable reconstruction: Insights from Türkiye\u27s earthquake-affected real estate market
Get PDFThe devastating impacts of the February 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye have underscored the urgent need for resilient and sustainable reconstruction in disaster-affected areas. This research paper explores the potential for low carbon investments in the real estate sector to drive the recovery and redevelopment of earthquake-impacted regions. By leveraging demand modeling techniques and analyzing key market indicators, the study aims to identify investment opportunities that can deliver both economic and environmental benefits. The paper draws upon a comprehensive dataset spanning 81 cities from 2013 to 2022, enabling a robust analysis of residential market dynamics, energy consumption patterns, and socioeconomic factors. Through the application of random-effects GLS regression, the research uncovers the determinants of housing demand and the viability of low carbon interventions in post-disaster settlements. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and real estate professionals seeking to promote sustainable and resilient reconstruction efforts. By highlighting the potential for low carbon investments to stimulate economic recovery while mitigating climate change impacts, this paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge on green real estate and disaster risk management
Flexible Model Proposals for Post-Disaster Temporary Housing in Architectural Design
Get PDFShelter is one of the most basic needs that emerged with the existence of humanity and is necessary for people to continue their lives. In addition to meeting physical needs, it also has social and cultural functions. Especially in the post-disaster process, it is essential to create temporary shelter units in the face of emerging problems. Since societies can be affected simultaneously in this process, needs must be met as quickly as possible. "Flexible container designs" are seen as a solution to this problem. Flexible container designs can provide significant advantages in meeting basic needs after a disaster and in terms of rapid intervention. The study aims to present flexible model suggestions that can be used to produce temporary shelter units. Because the production of temporary shelter units is essential in terms of flexibility due to reasons such as reusability, portability, limited design periods, etc. The study discusses the designs made by the students within the scope of the Structural System Information course of the Architecture Department of Gazi University Faculty of Architecture. The students were asked to produce solutions to problems such as the emergence of shelter needs for people after disasters, bringing containers to the need area, and serving different functions. The study reveals the value of the concepts of flexibility, portability, and modularity in the design of temporary shelter units through student designs; it emphasizes the importance of these concepts in design processes in both architectural education and architectural practices. The study will contribute to the development of innovative, flexible, and portable solutions
An insight into architectural design studio education space from a "time" perspective
Get PDFThis study offers a comprehensive literature review of the evolution of design studio education, focusing on the integration of Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies. The research explores current and future design studio models by examining the development of architectural design studio education and the importance of its physical spaces within a timeline framework. The literature review identifies key insights, analyzes patterns, and integrates findings to present a narrative of architectural education\u27s historical evolution and prospects. The study highlights significant shifts in design studio education, moving from the traditional master-apprentice relationship to contemporary design studio spaces within architecture schools. It emphasizes the impact of social, economic, and technological developments on these models, particularly the shift to remote education necessitated by COVID-19. This transition highlighted the need for alternatives to physical studio spaces, directing attention to VR, AR, and MR technologies as potential solutions. Through a meticulous review process, this study examines how these emerging technologies can provide immersive and interactive learning experiences, enhancing flexibility and accessibility in design education. It discusses the benefits and challenges of integrating these technologies, considering their potential to function without needing a specific physical studio. Ultimately, this study contributes to the field by offering theoretical insights and practical guidelines for educators. It explores alternative models to enhance adaptability and addresses the implications of technological adaptation and crisis management. The findings enrich the academic literature and foster future research and discussion on the evolution of design studio education in the digital era
Utilizing the vegetation health index to assess agricultural drought in the Constantine Region of Algeria
Get PDFThis research employs remote sensing techniques to map agricultural drought in the Constantine region of Algeria during the years 2021 to 2023. Using Landsat images processed through the Google Earth Engine platform, three indices (NDVI, VHI, and SPI) were calculated. The findings indicate deterioration in both climatic conditions and vegetation health. Specifically, NDVI and SPI exhibit decreases, while VHI shows an increase, signaling heightened water stress. The inverse relationship between NDVI and VHI underscores the connection between water availability and vegetation health. Additionally, a detailed analysis reveals severe drought conditions in the Southwestern part of the region. This study showcases the value of utilizing remote sensing technology on the Google Earth Engine platform for monitoring climate and vegetation patterns over space and time. These insights can help in forecasting the effects of climate change on agriculture and inform the adoption of suitable strategies to ensure food security