Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning
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Conflict of virtual and reality in interior design studio: Assessment of student success rates
Get PDFThis study evaluates the relative efficiency of interior architecture education programs delivered through face-to-face education (FFE) compared to online education (OE), from the perspectives of both students and educators. The quality of learning, as perceived by educators, was assessed through the analysis of semester grades assigned after each academic term. Conversely, the student perspective was gathered via a structured questionnaire. This research addresses a notable gap in existing literature regarding student success by incorporating the educators\u27 viewpoints into the analysis with a comparative analysis examining student success rates between FFE and OE. This investigation, from the student perspective, found the FFE model to be a more effective educational approach compared to the OE model. The disparity between the instructors\u27 perspectives was not significant. Nevertheless, valuable insights were obtained from educators utilizing the OE model, especially regarding their experiences during the pandemic. These insights could inform future research on hybrid educational models. As a result, this study advocates for the implementation of a hybrid educational model as a progressive direction for interior architecture education
Multidimensional analysis of teaching techniques used in higher education: The case of a landscape architecture department
Get PDFThis study provides a multidimensional analysis of teaching techniques in a landscape architecture department. The study aims to identify the most effective among different learning methods and analyze the effectiveness of the training offered by lecturers through student feedback and lecture notes. It is imperative to acknowledge the significance of student feedback as a crucial source of data for the evaluation of teaching methodologies and curriculum design. The study indicates that, beyond the extent of student learning of the course material, it is also imperative for teaching methodologies to align with the students\u27 perceptions and personalities. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to students enrolled in four distinct courses (Computer Aided Design, Planting Design, Landscape Engineering, and Project-I) at the beginning and end of the semester. The objective of the questionnaires is to assess the students\u27 level of knowledge regarding the topics included in the curriculum of the relevant courses. The study used a quantitative research method, a 5-point Likert-type scale, and a one-group pretest-posttest design. The data obtained were analyzed using reliability, frequency, independent, and dependent sample t-tests. In addition, the consistency between student feedback and end-of-semester course scores was also examined. The results of the study show that, in general, there is a statistically significant increase in the knowledge level of students in all courses toward the end of the semester. However, the effectiveness levels of the teaching techniques vary by course and subject. For instance, it was determined that teaching techniques were more successful in the Computer-Aided Design course (89.2% effective), while this rate was lower in the Project-I course (66.6% effective). In addition, students\u27 perceptions of their knowledge levels (post-test results) were found to be higher than their end-of-semester scores. In the student feedback, issues such as insufficient class hours, lack of visual examples, and the importance of practical applications were also mentioned. In conclusion, the study shows that the evaluation of the questionnaire data and student scores together can be an effective tool in determining the level of teaching effectiveness and identifying issues that require revision in the curriculum
Physical vs virtual: A multi-layered perception experience on memory through historic buildings
Get PDFThis study investigates the layered relationship between memory and perception through the experience of historic buildings in both physical and virtual environments. Drawing upon theoretical foundations in memory studies and architectural history, the paper aims to explore how architectural elements, spatial perception, and sensory engagement contribute to individual and collective memory formation. The selected case study, Bostancı Primary School building in Istanbul, designed by Mimar (Architect) Kemalettin in the early 20th century, provides a historical context with its architectural and socio-cultural significance. The building has maintained its structural integrity and unique architectural characteristics for years and continues to be used as an educational building today, albeit with a different function. Therefore, it has a strong place in urban memory and provides a strong foundation for exploring the relationship between memory and space through in-situ observations and experiences as a part of daily urban life. The methodology involves a three-phase experiential framework incorporating physical experience (PE), virtual reality experience (VRE), and memory representation through photographs, screenshots, and sketches. Twenty senior architecture students participated in structured experiences within the real and virtual building environments. Data were collected through their drawing of route mapping, image capture, written expressions, and memory sketches. Then they were analysed using a dual thematic framework of Architectural References (AR) and Sensory References (SR), interpreted through episodic and semantic memory models. Findings show that while architectural references were more frequently recalled in both physical and virtual reality environments, VRE yielded higher rates of episodic memory activation due to its ability to eliminate physical barriers and enhance spatial comprehension. Conversely, PE experiences more strongly activated semantic memory, as the embodied tactile nature of physical space provided deeper sensory engagement. Additionally, sketch analyses revealed that participants predominantly recalled historical architectural features, with minimal reference to recent alterations, underscoring the dominance of collective memory imagery over present-day functions. This research contributes to the interdisciplinary discourse on memory and perception by proposing a comprehensive model that evaluates how historic buildings are perceived and remembered differently depending on the mode of experience. It also highlights the potential of virtual technologies in architecture by facilitating complex, layered memory engagements beyond physical constraints
Evaluating public spaces through the concept of other: A heterotopic approach
Get PDFThis study offers a critical evaluation and an alternative urban reading method for public spaces in the contemporary architectural environment by examining the presence of different identities in different spaces through the concept of heterotopia and its expansions. The exploration of heterotopia as an instrument and its methodological application in the analysis of public spaces highlights the pursuit of culturally resilient urban environments that are adaptable and meaningful for all users. Therefore, the study formulates a systematic evaluation method for public spaces by incorporating a comprehensive methodology that integrates both theoretical exploration and practical observations. The concept of heterotopia, which unfolds through parallel text–space readings, has provided the opportunity for a comparative analysis based on the differences between its definitions and the user profiles and usage practices of public spaces. This study establishes a consistent analytical framework through a meticulously crafted "seven-step view lens" derived from an extensive review of architectural discussions on heterotopias. This innovative lens categorizes heterotopias into three distinct groups according to specific criteria and contexts, facilitating a detailed examination of public spaces\u27 diverse aspects. By systematically categorizing the identified heterotopias, the study not only deconstructs their existing narratives but also proposes transformative strategies for future design interventions. Such categorization allows for a nuanced critique and interpretation of public spaces, potentially guiding the design of urban areas that are more inclusive and reflective of societal needs. These classifications offer a fresh perspective on public spaces, revealing their potential as platforms for vibrant social interaction and cultural expression, thereby contributing to the dialogue on urban resilience. Hence, the multifaceted nature of heterotopia offers a powerful lens for understanding urban complexity, informing a shift towards inclusive, sustainable, and resilient design. Ultimately, the study highlights the role of heterotopia as a method that interrogates the production of spaces coexisting with the \u27other,\u27 unravels its dynamics, and proposes an approach for creating dynamic, inclusive, and adaptive public spaces. This study will contribute to architectural discourse by offering a new perspective on how public spaces can be designed or reimagined to accommodate and reflect the diversity and dynamism inherent in contemporary urban life and offers a pathway for crafting public spaces that are resilient to social and cultural flux while serving as platforms for diverse community engagement
Monastery heritage as a tool for reconciliation pre-post earthquake: The case of Saint Simeon Monastery
Get PDFPreserving heritage ensures it is passed to future generations, cultural heritage is crucial in shaping community’s identity through this journey. Religious heritage has huge importance in continuation and give sense of belonging within religious communities. Monastery heritage has a crucial role in safeguarding the rich past and traditions of monastic communities, with a focus on their religious and societal significance. Antioch is a city, a home of coexistence. Beside the city’s rich culture, the city is known as central point promoting reconciliation through three main monotheistic religions. The city has faced several earthquakes in history, it was completely destroyed and later rebuilt again. Unfortunately, recently an earthquake occurred and destroyed not only the historical religious buildings but the greatness of coexistence. Reconciliation is the key of healing after the disaster by fostering unity, comprehension and collaboration. Saint Simeon Monastery in Antioch is a significant example of resilience, rebirth, and reconciliation, as evidenced by the references to its response to challenges in its history. Preservation of the monastery should include physical and psychological strategies so that the place can welcome everyone, heal, and coexist with its values and characteristics post-challenge. The research aims to create a framework to increase cultural awareness within the community about the importance of Saint Simeon Monastery as religious heritage site. This will promote to build the bridge of reconciliation post-earthquake. Method of the study includes both quantitative and qualitative research to examine the significance of Saint Simeon Monastery’s religious history brings communities together in Antioch after the earthquake
Computational earthquake management: An educational perspective
Get PDFThis article presents an educational undertaking to integrate earthquake management subjects into the curriculum, specifically in a master’ s-level design studio course within an architecture faculty. The course explores the employment of challenge-based learning (CBL) and self-directed learning (SDL) principles, emphasizing computation for earthquake resilience and recovery. It is taught with a teaching team with diverse expertise, and it is formulated as an interdisciplinary learning environment that leads to the development of projects that explore know-how beyond the typical disciplinary boundaries of the students’ backgrounds. The article suggests that employing the principles of CBL and SDL, emphasizing computational thinking as a transversal competence, and introducing digital technologies into the course content and teaching methods can lead to an effective interdisciplinary learning environment that improves students’ motivation and agency. They can allow the students to take the initiative in extending their disciplinary knowledge and encourage their self-positioning as problem solvers. The projects formulated and developed by the students address all four phases of earthquake management through computational methods and digital technologies. Accordingly, it is suggested that computational earthquake management can be studied as an interdisciplinary research field that can address all phases of earthquake management, influencing both educational and professional domains. This article presents this course’s pedagogical approach, learning methods, and outcomes. It is concluded with an evaluation of this experience, highlighting directions towards future research. It is suggested that it can give insights into the effective integration of this subject into education and influence future research and professional explorations at the intersection of computation and earthquake management within interdisciplinary learning environments
The effects of Sinop province’s relative humidity values on bioclimatic comfort and urban and landscape planning
Get PDFThis study examines the monthly average relative humidity values in different districts of Sinop province and evaluates the impact of these data on urban and landscape planning. The relative humidity rates from January to December showed significant differences between districts. The highest relative humidity values were mostly observed in the Erfelek district, while the lowest values were recorded in the Türkeli and Boyabat districts. Seasonal changes caused fluctuations in relative humidity rates, with higher humidity levels detected particularly during the winter months. These data are crucial for understanding the climatic conditions of Sinop province and for making strategic decisions in areas such as agriculture, water management, and urban planning. The study specifically recommends the development of landscape planning and water conservation strategies in areas with high relative humidity. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to study the long-term effects of climate change and the necessity of continuous monitoring. Finally, this study provides an important data source for local governments and future research
Investigation of social change in cities after participation in cittaslow union in Ordu-Perşembe district
Get PDFThis study presents a case study of the social changes brought about by participation in the Cittaslow Union in cities. The research focuses on the Perşembe district of Ordu province and aims to analyze the effects of Cittaslow on the social structure. Data collection involved the use of 100 valid surveys. The results indicate that significant social changes occurred in the Perşembe district following its participation in the Cittaslow Union. Surveys and observations show an increase in tourism activities. This is due to heightened public awareness, which has been brought about by increased official institutional efforts to inform about Cittaslow. Furthermore, the Cittaslow Union\u27s participation in Perşembe district has resulted in the wider availability of locally sourced food, increased promotion of cycling, and a reduction in vehicle noise pollution. Furthermore, the Cittaslow Union\u27s participation in Perşembe district has resulted in the wider availability of locally sourced food, increased promotion of cycling, and a reduction in vehicle noise pollution. These changes have had a positive impact on the district\u27s quality of life and social structure. The community has adopted a more sustainable and participatory lifestyle because of the Union\u27s involvement. It can be inferred that the city has benefited from the approach. The identified changes demonstrate that participation in the Cittaslow Union in the Perşembe district has positive effects on the adoption of a sustainable and participatory lifestyle within the community. This study on the effects of the Cittaslow Union in the Perşembe district can be considered an important step in promoting sustainability and social participation in cities
Drivers of socio-spatial change in Istanbul: Historical and longitudinal analysis of 5 cases from Bakırköy
Get PDFThis article aims to reveal the social and spatial change in Bakırköy through time and to identify the drivers behind this transformation. Bakırköy has been chosen as it hosted the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires, leading to its multicultural and layered structure. It has been influenced by the dominant features of each era, shaping socio-economic changes, spatial transformations, and urban planning practices over the historical process. The interaction of these socio-spatial elements within Bakırköy encompasses broad themes such as social differentiation, economic change, and urban governance, thereby presenting case studies to examine the dynamics of urban areas in Istanbul. The research has been conducted at two levels. First, spatial changes were examined through relevant documents, literature, and historical maps. The periods were determined as the state-led development period (1923-1950), liberalization period (1950-1980), neoliberal transformation period (1980-2000), and globalization period (post-2000), with the pre-1923 period being considered separately. Subsequently, five case studies were selected to represent different functional land use at the local level. The first case study involves an area known as the İskender Çelebi Farm in the 17th century, which was chosen to represent the transformation from a food production area to industrial production in the 18th century and has become a mass housing area in the 20th century, now known as the Ataköy districts. The second and third case studies represent the transformation from industrial production areas in the 19th and early 20th centuries to residential, tourism, and shopping areas. The fourth case study focuses on the coastal strip, which was used as a public space for ‘sea baths’ in the 19th century and today exists as luxury housing projects under private ownership. The fifth case study involves an area that served as an airport in the early 20th century and is currently planned for a hospital and green spaces, although it remains a public service.Through these cases, which demonstrate the shift from the productional use of space to consumption, the study seeks to answer the following questions: First, how do demographic and economic changes play a significant role in the differentiation of urban space, and in a related context, what is the local-scale impact of changing policies on the functional change of the selected cases? The findings reveal that industrial investments, supported by transportation investments, choose their locations in the changing/transforming economic order. The decentralization of industry and the privatization or transformation of public investments into consumption-focused urban areas through public-private partnerships have also been observed. The study aims to prove that this change in space lays the groundwork for social differentiation
Perceptual effect of color use in patient rooms
Get PDFMessages are conveyed to users through every element within the space. People receive these messages through sense organs. People and space interact constantly because of the way that they perceive and transmit space. People also establish their action boundaries, identify their motivational criteria, and feel a sense of belonging to the place they experience as a result of this interaction. In this way, the location, with all of its characteristics, influences the mental health of those who inhabit it. The colors chosen for patient rooms have a significant impact on the emotional and mental health of the patients, given the medical procedures and rehabilitation programs that they undergo. Patients\u27 healing processes may vary based on the physical characteristics of the environment in which they are situated. Hospitals are intricate functional structures, so specific design requirements should be established by assessing every department independently. The purpose of this study is to determine how people\u27s perception of spatial quality in general patient rooms where two adults stay during treatment is affected by the use of color. In the research method, adjective pairs were determined in line with spatial quality in order to reveal the perceptual effect of color variables in patient rooms. The survey technique was applied according to this experimental design. By simulating the patient room- which was proposed as the study area- in a digital environment with a one-to-one scale, the colors identified as the dependent variable in the study\u27s methodology were visualized independently. The survey technique was employed to ask questions about the perceptual effect of colors on people who have experienced patient rooms by using adjective pairs based on the spatial quality level. The orange color used in patient room interior design was found to be eye-catching, communication facilitator, inviting, pleasing, encouraging, and sincere, while the blue color was found to be comforting and refreshing, based on data acquired from the survey, which was administered to 168 people in total. Many spaces in hospital buildings serve a variety of purposes, and the patients who use these spaces have a range of needs. For this very reason, it is advised that these hospital units be included in the interior design process utilizing information supported by empirical research, with each space being specially designed to meet its unique requirements and functions