Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning
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Tradition and modernity on fundamentals and diversities of Mediterranean architecture
Get PDFFirstly, this article focuses on the origins of modern architecture in addition to the simple binomial academism/modernism that sometimes gives little clarification about the aesthetic, formal or typological options of southern European countries. By widening the spectrum of cultural, mythical and ideological influences at the beginning of the 20th century, other insights are possible, not only with regard to the modern period, but also in the understanding of some paths of Mediterranean contemporary production. In short, this article aims to raise two main questions and how can they be related: 1) Does the identity of Mediterranean architecture come from common fundamentals or from a richness of contrasts and diversities? 2) Can these fundamentals and diversities become “operative” in architectural/urban design? And how do they respond to the globalization phenomena and the possibility of real sustainable achievements
Designing a subway station for your campus: Case of transit architecture elective at AGÜ
Get PDFTransportation planning and design had been a major concern from the urban planning perspective. Various means of transportation have shaped our cities and landscapes for ages and by looking at transportation buildings from an architectural perspective one can see that existing studies focus on the building performance of the transportation buildings or the history of them. Consequently, transportation building design is an important concern that should be addressed from multiple perspectives. Starting from 2019-2020 Fall Semester, Abdullah Gül University Department of Architecture started a new elective course ARCD 110 Transit Architecture, focusing on this issue. While the main intention of the course is to develop a critical view on the existing prescriptive design methods related to the transportation buildings and their environment, students are expected challenge these discussions at their final projects. In order to develop a critical view on the existing design methods, a considerable part of the class focuses on the design guidelines and typologies of the buildings along with the history of the selected building types. In parallel, student presentations showing different examples throughout the world to inspect different design approaches as well as to start debates regarding various debates around design, global world, awards in architecture, and symbolism in architecture. Afterwards, the class turns into a discussion environment focusing on design issues not only related to transportation buildings but also to the rest of the design environment which they might encounter in the future. these discussions start from multimodal and micro mobile transportation possibilities followed by the personal space as a design parameter. These arguments are followed by sustainability from triple bottom line perspective and the possibilities of different technologies and their effect on the transportation related buildings. Meanwhile, they also experiment with simulation tools to test their design cases in different conditions. After the discussions and the debates students are tasked to design a subway station in front of their campus for a final project. After four semesters, this paper will present the aim of the course, the class structure, projects and the findings of the course with selected examples from the course students to its readers
Naval museum spaces a study on accessibility and visibility based on the relationship between the sea and land
Get PDFThe relationship between location and context, design, and usage gains importance in architectural structures. The interrelated patterns of different syntactic and semantic layers compose the built space especially museums or exhibition spaces. The museum spaces have a considerable part of everyday life in terms of social interaction. The accessibility, visibility, and circularity of the museum spaces are affecting the integration of the human-space activity. The museums by the sea are recognized with the silhouette of the city. These museums are accessible from the seaway and overland routes. It is important that the museums as an exhibition space in the city are visible from both the sea and the land and provide two different accesses. For this reason, the study investigates two naval museums which emphasize the importance of location belonging and the type of the museum. Within the scope of the study, Genova Galata Museo Del Mare in Italy and the Istanbul Deniz Müzesi in Turkey with a similar location and function are examined. The museums are close to the seaway and visible from the sea. However, Istanbul Deniz Müzesi’s access is provided from the motorway due to the actual usage. On the other hand, in the case of Galata, the situation is the opposite. Thus, the museum structure is passed through in it and creates the connection space between the sea and land. The aim of the study is not only a representation of the maritime structure of the museum in a city that is the sea but also to highlight the importance of access from both sides. Furthermore, with the examination of the visibility, accessibility and circularity affect, the usage and time-related changes in the museum to be focused. For this purpose, use from the sea and the land, the relationship between the land and the sea will be evaluated as a bridge of the ground floor. In this study, the space syntax analysis method is applied. Space syntax provides an analytical analysis of human-environment relations, accessibility, and movement values. (Hillier et al., 1987). The relevant results will create a research base for further use and change over time. In conclusion, in two different sea countries’ naval museums are evaluated with the context of location and usage comparatively. The accesses of the museums and exhibitions areas are also evaluated by the visibility, accessibility, circularity analyses. A scientific base has been created to examine past, present, and future usage
Investigating morphological changes of a capital city: The case of Ankara
Get PDFCapital cities have a major role in carrying the symbolic meanings of their countries. Planning decisions and historical periods affect their urban forms and development processes. This research examines the morphological evaluation of Ankara—the capital city of Turkey—and provides an approach to understanding its unique physical structure. Ankara has witnessed strategically important planning periods through its history that are reflected in its urban form. The historical periods affecting the developing process of the capital city are analyzed through a mathematical method called "Space Syntax" which contributes to the field of urban morphology with a quantitative perspective. The analytical framework investigates the changing process of Ankara\u27s unique urban axis and morphological structure. Its different historical periods show that the capital city is constantly changing. Ankara\u27s monumental city axis, which shows its traces since the formation of the city, still exists today. However, this unique axis, which connects the historical core areas of the capital city, has lost its potential today. Due to economic and political demands, the main axis, namely Atatürk Boulevard, has been replaced by a newly formed western artery. Understanding Ankara\u27s forming and changing process will enhance its subsequent development plans. By evaluating a unique capital city from Turkey with a morphological perspective, this research will contribute an approach to future studies
Urban resilience for transformation: Clustering of hospitality services in the Golden Horn region
Get PDFIn this study, the clustering trend of the accommodation along with the urban renewal process in the Golden Horn region in recent years is investigated. After the districts that are mainly chosen for tourism-oriented accommodation are determined, the location selection processes of accommodation is analyzed and the reasons behind the preference of said districts are examined. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between urban policies regarding the Golden Horn region and the location selection process and to detect how the factors affecting the preference of locations regarding tourism-oriented accommodation differ in different districts. In order to deduce the factors that play an active role in the clustering process in the region, first, the distribution pattern of the accommodation activities in the two sides of the Golden Horn and the districts that are mostly preferred were determined, and then the data obtained in the field studies from semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews conducted with the people representing these facilities in the determined districts, namely Balat-Ayvansaray, and Sütlüce, were interpreted. The findings of the study revealed the following original results regarding the location selection process of the tourism function in the Golden Horn: i) It was determined that there has been an increase in tourism-oriented accommodation investments in the districts in the Golden Horn region in the last 5 years; ii) The tourism-oriented accommodation facilities tend to cluster in the Golden Horn region and are predominantly located in the districts of Balat-Ayvansaray and Sütlüce; iii) Factors affecting the location selection processes of investments in two different districts differ according to the characteristics of the districts and the qualifications and preferences of the visitors. While tourism-oriented accommodation facilities are clustered in certain districts in the Golden Horn region, the reasons for clustering and the quality of the facilities that clusters vary according to the advantages of the district and the preferences of the visitors. The spatial effects caused by clustering also differ according to districts. In addition, it is observed that the location selection for accommodation in Sütlüce supports urban renewal in the district. As a result of the findings of the study, it is understood that the clustering of accommodation activity in the Golden Horn plays an important role in increasing urban resilience
Association between home layout connectivity and cognitive ability in community dwelling older adults: Implication for occupational therapy
Get PDFPhysical environment has long been recognized within occupational therapy as a key factor contributing to residents’ functional abilities. However, the specific aspects of the physical environment that matter and the extent to which they do so remain less understood. This paper reports a quantitative study of the relationship between a characteristic of the physical home environment—the degree of interconnectedness of its rooms—and the cognitive ability of adults. Working with demographic, health, and home layout data collected from a sample of community-dwelling older adults in Atlanta, Georgia (N=72, Mage=69.5), we found that the cognitive functioning determined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was significantly associated with the average connectivity and mean depth of the homes while controlling participants’ age and education. Regression analysis suggested home connectivity independently explained a little more than 4% of the variance in the MoCA scores. The results further revealed that the relationship may be better modeled using non-linear models, and that the increase in the numbers of circulation rings as average room connectivity rises may be partly, but not entirely, responsible for its association with cognitive ability. The study points to directions for further work, including causal modeling, based on recommendations that could be developed for homes to support older adults’ abilities to continue to reside in their own homes as they grow older
Organized complexity of the urban object
Get PDFOver a half-century, space syntax has proven resilient as a theory and method for describing and analyzing the built environment from dwellings and complex buildings to cities. The paper briefly discusses resilience as a concept in the built environment and the foundations of space syntax itself. We summarize the body of the theoretical thinking in space syntax – laws of the urban object, generic function, principles of centrality and linearity, the design method of spatio-formal processes, and laws of spatial emergence-convergence – before offering a new hypothesis about laws of spatial conservation and spatial optimization at work in the built environment. The latter builds on Conroy-Dalton’s (2001) ideas about angularity and the conservation of linearity in movement. Both could provide an essential bridge with Carvalho and Penn’s (2004) concept of self-similarity in settlements, which relates to Batty and Longley’s (1994) notions of fractal cities. We argue the hypothesis of conservation-optimization defines the conceptual framework for the progressive and regressive practice of urban planning in settlements. We illustrate this theoretical discussion by demonstrating the resilience or replication of previous space syntax findings, and by drawing on new research about the history, spatial structure, and neighborhood logic of Metropolitan Doha.
An evaluation of architectural monuments in Afghanistan as in the capital city, Kabul
Get PDFAfghanistan as a multi-cultural country witnesses a diversity of architectural styles influenced by many civilizations. Architecture in the Kabul city, the capital of Afghanistan, encompasses styles before emerging Islamic and after emerging Islamic religion. Considering the civilization influences, architecture styles in Afghanistan may be divided into three parts: Central Asia, Persian, and Indian. Kabul city is the meeting place of all these three styles. After the establishment of current Afghanistan in 1747, for the first time the evolution of architectural style in Kabul city as the capital occurred in 1880 which has been influenced by western architecture styles, and it has become the most famous style in the city. Basically, the architecture styles in Kabul city in relation to the civilization influences are characterized by Central Asian, Persian, Indian, and Western styles which have been reflected in most of the architectural monuments in the country. In this paper it is aimed to study the architectural evolution of the Kabul city by considering the civilization impacts through history, particularly before emerging Islam and after emerging Islam religion. The associated architectural monuments of each historical period in the city were studied based on its architectural style and related civilization. Furthermore, these impacts on shaping the current architectural style of the Kabul city have also been reviewed. This study is carried out mostly by reviewing the literature to highlight the architectural styles developed over the periods in Kabul city and the impact of cultural influences on them. As a case from each historical period, the monuments according to their historical importance, architecture style, and construction method are evaluated. As a mapping technique, Arc GIS 10.5 is used to visualize the distribution of architectural monuments within Kabul city.
Evaluation of Mecidiyeköy as an urban threshold in socio-cultural sustainability framework
Get PDFThe globalization process resulted from technological and economic developments in the second half of the 20th century has created a rapid urban transformation in the world and Turkey as a developing country. This rapid urban transformation has affected the urban and architectural context of cities, including Istanbul, both in negative and positive ways. Urban policies, which lay the groundwork for minimizing the negative effects of rapid urbanization on cities and producing more inclusive life scenarios, are mostly based on socio-cultural sustainability approaches. However, when urban policies are concerned, the issue of sustainability is usually approached from the perspectives of ecological and/or physical features, whereas the significance of socio-cultural sustainability for urban development strategies is often neglected. Within this framework, this study aims to examine the potentials and constraints that Mecidiyeköy encompasses as an “urban threshold” and to inquire the ways that socio-cultural sustainability can offer a ground for future urban policies and architectural practices to trigger the co-existence of differences and social interaction between them. This study is designed as a case-study and the methodological framework of the study consists of literature review and on-site observations. This article revealed that socio-cultural sustainability, as a conceptual framework and urban approach, can provide a fertile ground for future urban scenarios that would be developed for Mecidiyeköy. If approached from the socio-cultural sustainability perspective, it can be ensured that this region having constraints and potentials in terms of accommodating spatial and human diversity and triggering the interaction between them, can actually work as an “urban threshold.
Typo-morphological assessment of Ludlow and Famagusta Old Town
Get PDFIn the field of urban morphology, different scholars have developed different approaches. The pioneering approaches are the procedural-typological approach of G. Caniggia and G.L. Maffei and the historico-evolutionary approach of M.R.G. Conzen, which are the focus of this paper. However, it is also worth mentioning J.W.R. Whitehand (1981), who integrated the analysis of changes to the built fabric with the study of the individuals and organizations involved in the various aspects of property development, users, planners, and architects. As well, Kropf (2009) named four distinct approaches – spatial analytical, configurational, process typological, and historico-geographical – for the purpose of determining more explicitly which aspects are included in the different approaches to urban morphology. Based on the theoretical approaches of the above-mentioned scholars, in the scope of this article, the architectural and planning dimensions of urban morphology will be discussed for Ludlow and Famagusta, which carry similar morphological characteristics on the planning level and different typological characteristics on the architectural level. Ludlow is a small market town in the south of Shropshire, England; it is a few miles east of the Welsh border. Famagusta, with its Old Town, is a small market town in the eastern part of Cyprus. This article explores urban morphology based on the two pioneering morphological approaches, and then it sets up a typo-morphological basis for Ludlow and Famagusta through an integrated approach. The belief is that such an integrated approach will drive future interventions, design, and planning policies towards their conservation