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Center for Disease Control (CDC) Environmental Justice Index
No full textAll data files required to run the CDC Environmental Justice Index website, as of January 15, 2025
HRSA Area Health Resources Files
No full textThe Area Health Resources Files (AHRF), compiled by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), offer a comprehensive collection of data on health resources in the United States. These files integrate information from over 50 sources, providing extensive county-level, state-level, and national-level data. The dataset includes annual data releases, with files corresponding to the years 2020-2021, 2021-2022, and 2022-2023. Each release is accompanied by technical documentation and is available in various formats, including CSV and SAS
Global perturbation of stratospheric water and aerosol burden by Hunga eruption
Get PDFThe eruption of the submarine Hunga volcano in January 2022 was associated with a powerful blast that injected volcanic material to altitudes up to 58 km. From a combination of various types of satellite and ground-based observations supported by transport modeling, we show evidence for an unprecedented increase in the global stratospheric water mass by 13% relative to climatological levels, and a 5-fold increase of stratospheric aerosol load, the highest in the last three decades. Owing to the extreme injection altitude, the volcanic plume circumnavigated the Earth in only 1 week and dispersed nearly pole-to-pole in three months. The unique nature and magnitude of the global stratospheric perturbation by the Hunga eruption ranks it among the most remarkable climatic events in the modern observation era, with a range of potential long-lasting repercussions for stratospheric composition and climate
Impact Analysis of Large-Scale Environmental Spot Inspection Policy on Green Innovation: Evidence From China
Get PDFThe spot inspection policy has been widely applied in environmental protection in China. This paper collects environmental enforcement announcements and green patent data published by Chinese government agencies from 2006 to 2015. First, it studies the impact of spot inspection on green innovation with the spatial Durbin model. Then, it analyzes spatial heterogeneity according to the eastern, central, and western regions including 29 provinces. The spot inspection policy significantly increases the green innovation of a current region with a negative spillover effect on neighboring regions. Even though this policy has the best performance in the eastern region, it leads to pollution transfer into the western region, while being ineffective in the central region. Further, analysis on the spatial spillover effects of the 29 provinces proves that 21 provinces have a positive spillover effect, while eight provinces have a negative spillover effect. The research study shows that although spot inspection is generally beneficial to green innovation, pollution transfer and policy failure exist because of spatial heterogeneity
Decoding Complex Trait Genetics by Linking Variants to Regulatory Landscapes
No full textUnderstanding how genetic variants influence complex traits and diseases is a central challenge in human genetics. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of loci associated with various traits, yet the majority reside in non-coding regions, and their functional mechanisms remain unclear. Current approaches primarily focus on cis regulatory effects and gene expression, which account for only a fraction of trait heritability. This gap underscores the need to explore additional regulatory mechanisms, including trans gene regulation and chromatin modifications, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of complex trait genetics. This dissertation addresses two critical questions: (1) How can we map trans regulatory effects of genetic variants on genes and networks (trans-eQTL) with greater power and accuracy? (2) How can we enhance the detection of chromatin QTLs (cQTL) to better understand their role in gene regulation and complex traits? To answer these questions, I developed two novel statistical methods: trans-PCO for mapping trans-eQTLs and CACTI for identifying cQTLs. Both methods leverage multivariate association testing to improve statistical power by combining correlated features, such as co-regulated genes or nearby regulatory elements, into joint analyses. In Chapter 2, trans-PCO identified high-quality trans-eQTLs that link trait associated variants to gene networks and biological pathways, providing new insights into the role of trans regulatory networks in complex traits. In Chapter 3, CACTI improved cQTL mapping by leveraging correlations among neighboring regulatory elements, enabling the construction of a comprehensive map of cQTLs across diverse histone marks, tissues, and cell types, and emphasizing the importance of studying molecular traits beyond gene expression. This dissertation provides valuable methodologies and resources for the field by bridging gaps in trans-eQTL and cQTL mapping. These findings advance our understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying complex traits and open up opportunities for integrative studies that link genetic variants to multi-layered regulatory mechanisms and complex traits and diseases
NCES Private School Universe Survey (PSS)
No full textThe purposes of this data collection activity are; a) to generate biennial data on the total number of private schools, teachers, and students; and b) to build an accurate and complete list of private schools to serve as a sampling frame for NCES surveys of private schools. The PSS began with the 1989-90 school year and has been conducted every two years since. The PSS consists of a single survey that is completed by administrative personnel in private schools. Information collected includes: religious orientation; level of school; size of school; length of school year, length of school day; total enrollment (K-12); number of high school graduates, whether a school is single-sexed or coeducational and enrollment by sex; number of teachers employed; program emphasis; existence and type of kindergarten program.The target population for the survey consists of all private schools in the U.S. that meet the NCES definition (i.e., a private school is not supported primarily by public funds, provides classroom instruction for one or more of grades K-12 or comparable ungraded levels, and has one or more teachers. Organizations or institutions that provide support for home schooling without offering classroom instruction for students are not included.). The survey universe is composed of schools from several sources. The main source is a list frame, initially developed for the 1989-90 survey. The list is updated periodically by matching it with lists provided by nationwide private school associations, state departments of education, and other national private school guides and sources. Additionally, an area frame search is conducted by the Bureau of the Census.The most recent PSS data are from the 2021–22 collection. The last PSS collection occurred during the 2023–24 school year; we anticipate these data will be available in fall 2025.
Data are available for download in SAS, SPSS, and text formats. Text files are ASCII files in tab-delimited (TXT) format (1989–90 through 2011–12) or comma separated values (CSV) format (2013–14 and on) with a minimum of formatting and can be read into statistical processing programs or spreadsheet applications such as Excel.
To produce standard errors, the user needs a statistical application capable of estimating standard errors from a complex sample design (e.g., R Survey package; SAS SURVEY Procedures; SPSS Complex Samples; Stata svy functions; or SUDAAN). The BRR method (design) should be used.
When merging PSS data files from different survey years, "*PIN", the Permanent Identification Number, should be used for the merge variable.
For 2001–02 and earlier years, information on the design, data collection methodology, and data processing procedures for each PSS collection is contained in the technical notes section of the PSS report for that respective collection.
The methodological data files include PSS frame variables associated with data collection status and can be used with PSS data files to longitudinally track non-responding schools or entities determined ineligible for the PSS across survey years
The Protest of Admiral Yi
No full textI took this photo in Seoul, on National Liberation Day, while riding back from the War Memorial. I was in South Korea to interview artists about political memory, and also to document the broader field of democratic expression. In this picture, I captured right-wing protestors holding a rally in Seoul’s central square. They were supporters of President Yoon, who had taken a hard line against North Korea while expanding relations with Japan. The rally was loud but orderly, with police guarding the barricades and almost everybody wearing sun protection: bucket hats, parasols, long sleeves even for many of the cops. The picture is heavy with contradictions. A statue of Admiral Yi, who defeated the Japanese in the 1590s, rises in the background, framed by the bus window. Liberation Day itself celebrates the end of Japanese rule in 1945. In this context, who could rally for Yoon’s pro-Japanese government? My research tries to make sense of a country that—threatened by North Korea, allied with America, and once colonized by Japan—finds itself embattled and unsure. I printed the picture on campus, in the Edelstone darkroom, from my 35mm negative. The Forum for Free Inquiry and Expression provided research funding. The picture is dated Aug. 15, 2024
The Ontogeny of Attitudes Toward Migrants
Get PDFImmigration is among the most pressing issues of our time. Important questions concern the psychological mechanisms that contribute to attitudes about immigration. Whereas much is known about adults’ immigration attitudes, the developmental antecedents of these attitudes are not well understood. Across three studies (N = 616), we examined US children's attitudes toward migrants by introducing them to two novel groups of people: one native to an island and the other migrants to the island. The migrants varied by (1) Migrant Status: migrants came from a resource-poor island (fleers) or a resource-rich island (pursuers); and (2) Acculturation Style: migrants assimilated to the native culture (assimilated) or retained their original cultural identity (separated). We studied a range of children's immigration attitudes: children's preferences, resource allocations, and perceptions of solidarity between groups (Experiment 1), children's conferral of voting power (Experiment 2a) and political representation (Experiment 2b), and children's beliefs about political representation when an equal government was not possible (Experiment 3). Overall, children showed a bias toward natives, but the degree of their bias depended on the type of migrant they were evaluating. Children generally favored Pursuers over Fleers, and Assimilated migrants over Separated migrants. In some cases, the intersection of these factors mattered: children expressed a specific preference for Separated Pursuers and a specific penalization of Separated Fleers. These studies reveal the early developmental roots of immigration attitudes, particularly as they relate to political power and the intersecting forces of migrant status and acculturation
[Scripts for] <i>Bacteroides</i> expand the functional versatility of a conserved transcription factor and transcribed DNA to program capsule diversity
No full textThis record contains a list of Snakemake rules (Snakefile) to process a raw *.fastq.gz (from GEO record: GSE281607) using Cutadapt, map a processed *.fastq file using Bowtie, convert mapped reads to *.bed files using Samtools and Bedtools, and count the occurance of each Bacteriodes fragilis str NCTC 9343 genome position anywhere in a mapped read and as the 3' end of a mapped read using Bedtools. It further contains *ebwt files to assist with Bowtie mapping, *genome file to be used with Bedtools, a *.fasta file (useful to regenerate *ebwt files), and the completely processed *bed and *txt read files (generated by Snakemake and R) as references. In addition, a *.pdb file is included and represents the predicted interaction between UpeY and UpaZ
The Impact of Incarceration on Employment, Earnings, and Tax Filing
Get PDFWe study the effect of incarceration on wages, self-employment, and taxes and transfers in North Carolina and Ohio using two quasi-experimental research designs: discontinuities in sentencing guidelines and random assignment to judges. Across both states, incarceration generates short-term drops in economic activity while individuals remain in prison. As a result, a year-long sentence decreases cumulative earnings over five years by 13%. Beyond five years, however, there is no evidence of lower employment, wage earnings, or self-employment in either state, as well as among defendants with no prior incarceration history. These results suggest that upstream factors, such as other types of criminal justice interactions or pre-existing labor market detachment, are more likely to be the cause of low earnings among the previously incarcerated, who we estimate would earn just $5000 per year on average if spared a prison sentence