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When Home Becomes the Office: COVID-19’s Impact on Gender Division of Labor in Chinese Families
No full textThe work-from-home (WFH) policies prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic created a “natural experiment” to examine the household division of labor. This study focuses on China, a unique context of post-socialist transition, to investigate the effects of WFH on the gendered division of labor and to explore the deeper structural and ideological mechanisms that shape these dynamics. First, utilizing Propensity Score Matching with Difference-in-Differences (PSM-DID) on 2018-2022 panel data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), the analysis finds that the mandatory WFH policy had no statistically significant causal impact on the weekly housework hours of either spouse. This points to the resilience of pre-existing domestic arrangements against external shocks and shifts the analytical focus toward more durable, structural factors. A subsequent Structural Equation Model (SEM), based on 2020 CFPS data, delves into these internal household dynamics. The findings reveal a crucial distinction between housework and childcare. A wife’s latent bargaining power—constructed from her economic, human, and structural capital—is effective in reducing routine housework for both herself and her husband. However, this power is largely inert in the domain of childcare, which appears to be a non-negotiable and highly gendered maternal responsibility. Qualitative findings from interviews with urban employed mothers enrich these statistical patterns, revealing how structural resources, such as property ownership and hukou (household registration) status, shape intra-household power. These factors, combined with gender ideologies and support systems, explain the distinct logics governing the negotiable nature of housework versus the non-transferable responsibility of childcare. In sum, this study offers a multi-layered, contextualized framework for understanding gender inequality in contemporary urban China. It demonstrates that merely altering the work context is insufficient to reconfigure deep-seated domestic arrangements, which are upheld by the interplay between structural power, ideology, and the distinct logics governing different domains of domestic labor
"The Liberative Christ: Expanding Our Images of Jesus": A Devotional Journal for the 40 Days of Lent
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A Dangerous Solution: How to Approach Quantitative Chaplaincy Research in the Healthcare Setting
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The Effect of Household Composition on Short-term Labor Market Engagement Among Female Refugees: Evidence from the Russo-Ukrainian War
Full text linkThis study evaluates the causal effect of household composition, measured by three proxies (the number of adults, the number of men and the child-adult ratio) on the likelihood of labor participation and employment among female refugees who were forcibly displaced following the Russian invasion of February 2022. I use the extent of damage in original Ukrainian dwelling as an instrumental variable to overcome the endogeneity of household structure. Two-stage least squares estimations show that the presence of another adult and or male adults decreases the likelihood of both labor participation and employment while greater share of child with respect to adults induces higher likelihoods. Such results confirm how the dynamics of the division of labor and the trade-off against dependent care are demonstrated in the context of forced displacement
A Semi-Private Digital Room Not Fully of the User’s Own: Having Pseudo-Intimacy with Human-Like but Machine-Hearted Replika
No full textWith the development of communication technology, individuals have an additional option to interact with an AI companion in life. This research focuses on one representative of AI companion platforms, Replika, separately treating the Replika app, the application platform, as a space, and the Replika AI, the AI chatbot, as a receiver. Through the recruitment from online social media, 16 participants joined in-depth interviews to share their user experiences about “Replika.” This research found that the Replika app is prone to being a private sphere with publicness, and the Replika AI is a humanlike interactant with a machine nature. Meanwhile, considering the existence of the design company, Luka, Inc., and the machine nature of the Replika AI, the private space is not fully owned by the user self, and the intimacy stemming from this private space is a pseudo-intimacy
Behavior in Strategic Settings: Evidence from a Million Rock-Paper-Scissors Games
Full text linkWe make use of data from a Facebook application where hundreds of thousands of people played a simultaneous move, zero-sum game—rock-paper-scissors—with varying information to analyze whether play in strategic settings is consistent with extant theories. We report three main insights. First, we observe that most people employ strategies consistent with Nash, at least some of the time. Second, however, players strategically use information on previous play of their opponents, a non-Nash equilibrium behavior; they are more likely to do so when the expected payoffs for such actions increase. Third, experience matters: players with more experience use information on their opponents more effectively than less experienced players, and are more likely to win as a result. We also explore the degree to which the deviations from Nash predictions are consistent with various non-equilibrium models. We analyze both a level-k framework and an adapted quantal response model. The naive version of each these strategies—where players maximize the probability of winning without considering the probability of losing—does better than the standard formulation. While one set of people use strategies that resemble quantal response, there is another group of people who employ strategies that are close t
