Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University
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Balneotherapy in pediatrics
No full textBalneologia jest jedną z najstarszych gałęzi medycyny. W balneoterapii do leczenia, rehabilitacji i profilaktyki stosuje się naturalne surowce lecznicze, takie jak wody mineralne, gazy lecznicze, peloidy, oraz walory klimatyczne. Wpływ naturalnych bodźców klimatycznych i środowiskowych powoduje w organizmie rozwój korzystnych zmian i poprawę zdrowia. Najważniejsze zabiegi balneologiczne u dzieci to: kąpiele lecznicze, kuracja pitna i inhalacje. W artykule dokonano przeglądu piśmiennictwa z zakresu stosowania balneoterapii w leczeniu chorób dzieci oraz omówiono zasady korzystania z leczenia uzdrowiskowego. Obecnie dostępna jest zbyt mała liczba badań klinicznych potwierdzających skuteczność terapeutyczną balneoterapii u dzieci. Należy jednak pamiętać, że zabiegi balneologiczne charakteryzują się brakiem działań niepożądanych i dobrą tolerancją, a pojawiające się stopniowo efekty lecznicze są trwalsze niż w przypadku leczenia konwencjonalnego.Balneotherapy is one of the oldest branches of medicine. In balneotherapy for treatments, rehabilitation and prophylaxis uses natural medicinal resources such as mineral water, peloids, gases and climatic values. The impact of natural climatic and environmental stimuli causes the development of favorable adaptation and improvement of health. The most important balneological procedures in children are therapeutic baths, therapeutic drinking regimen and inhalations. The article reviews the selected literature concerning the use of balneotherapy in the field of children’s diseases and discusses the principles of spa treatment. Currently, there is still not enough clinical studies that confirm the therapeutic efficacy of balneotherapy in children. However, it should be remembered that balneological treatments are characterized by good tolerance and no side effects, and the therapeutic effects appearing progressively are more permanent than in the case of conventional therapy
Town statutes of the town of Debrzno from 1407
No full textWilkierz miasta Debrzna z 1407 r. jest obecnie najstarszym znanym nauce zbiorem
praw małych miast na Pomorzu Gdańskim. Przygotowany przez Radę Miejską i zatwierdzony
przez Krzyżaków dokument składa się z 48 artykułów, które regulowały najważniejsze
aspekty życia gminy oraz wprowadzały sankcje karne za określone wykroczenia. Odpis
dokumentu zachowany w Archiwum Państwowym w Szczecinie pozwala zakładać, że jego
pierwotna treść mogła mieć inny układ oraz że niektóre postanowienia były aktualizowane
po wydaniu wilkierza. Zbiór praw regulował życie gminy w niemalże niezmienionej formie
aż do pierwszego rozbioru Polski w 1772 r.Town statutes of Debrzno from 1407 are currently the oldest known collection of rights
of small towns in Pomerania. The document prepared by the City Council and approved by
the Teutonic Knights consists of 48 articles which regulated the most important aspects of
the life of the commune and introduced penal sanctions for specific offenses. A copy of the
document preserved in the State Archives in Szczecin allows us to assume that its original
content could have had a different layout and that some resolutions were updated after
the release of the statutes. The set of laws regulated the life of the commune in an almost
unchanged form until the first partition of Polish Commonwealth in 1772
Implications of the China-Taiwan tensions for the international economic security
No full textThe economy of Taiwan began to take shape after the occupation of the island by Japan under the peace treaty with the Chinese Qing Empire in 1895. After that, Tokyo began to actively invest in the development of a new territory: railroads, factories and defense enterprises were built. In this way, an industrial base was created that Taiwan uses to this day. After Japan’s defeat in World War II, the island briefly returned to the Republic of China. However, there was a civil war in the country between the communists and nationalists, who rallied around Chiang Kai-shek, who eventually lost and withdrew to Taiwan with his associates. Taipei officially named the new state the “Republic of China” and has declared and continues to declare claims against the entire territory of China. Beijing, on the other hand, regularly declares that Taiwan is part of the People’s Republic of China and has announced its reunification with the “rebellious island”. The article deals with the economic consequences for the world economy resulting from the potential crisis between China and Taiwan. The subject is inspired by the dependence of the economies of many countries, including the United States and the European Union, on products supplied from the region of East Asia, especially by Taiwan, which in the event of a crisis in relations between conflicted countries may create threats to the international economic security
European integration in the concepts of Polish and German parties belonging to the European People’s Party
No full textDer Artikel präsentiert und vergleicht die Konzepte der europäischen Integration zweier deutscher Parteien – CDU und CSU – und zweier polnischer Parteien – PO und PSL – die Mitglieder der Europäischen Volkspartei (EVP) sind. Es gliederte sich in eine Einleitung, drei Teile – der Erste, der Umriss, wie die polnische und die deutsche Partei die Europäische Union wahrnahmen, der zweite, der sich auf die Modelle der europäischen Integration bezog, die den oben genannten Parteien nahestanden, und der dritte, der beschreibt, wie CDU, CSU, PO und PSL die Erweiterung der Europäischen Union wahrgenommen haben – und das Schlusswort. Der Artikel analysiert Parteidokumente, hauptsächlich Wahlprogramme, die in den Jahren 2004–2019 veröffentlicht wurden.The article presents and compares the concepts of European integration of two German parties – CDU and CSU – and two Polish parties – PO and PSL – which are members of the European People’s Party (EPP). It was divided into an introduction, three parts – the first one, which outlined how the Polish and German parties perceived the European Union, the second one related to the models of European integration that were close to the above-mentioned parties, and the third one, which describes how the CDU, CSU, PO and PSL perceived the enlargement of the European Union – and the conclusion. Article analyzes party documents, primarily election programs, that were published in 2004–2019
Universal design maturity model in the digital area for the beauty sector - theoretical foundations
No full textFrom introduction: "The growing public awareness of the design of goods and services enables their design to cater to the broadest possible audience. The principles of universal design are widely described in the literature, predominantly from an architectural standpoint. Adapting organisations to accommodate individuals with various temporary and permanent constraints raises the need to assess the extent to which organisations are prepared to do so. This necessitates developing mechanisms for assessing the level of sophistication a company has achieved in implementing universal design. A possible approach to assessing levels of maturity may be the concept of organisational maturity. Considering the long-established development of maturity models in management science, it becomes reasonable to draw on this knowledge and, on the basis of this knowledge, create a universal design maturity model."(...)Publication is apart of project “KA 2.0 - the development programme of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University” realized as a part of Operational Programme Knowledge Education Development, Axis III Higher Education for economy and development; Measure 3.5. Comprehensive university programmes. The project is co-financed by the European Union within the European Social Fun
Urethral Profilometry – should it be discarded?
No full textBackground: Urethral profilometry was developed as a scientific research method rather than for everyday clinical use. However, it was implemented as an integral part of urodynamic diagnostics for clinical use. Although it has been used for over 70 years, there are still no clear guidelines, either for the technique or for the indications and interpretation of the data obtained in this study. There are many inaccuracies and doubts about the method. Material and methods: The authors of this manuscript present a review of the options for urethral function diagnostics and the position of urethral profilometry among them. The literature and clinical aspects of their investigation are discussed in this article. The sources of the limitations of urethral profilometry and their importance in clinical practice and the interpretation of results are analyzed. Results: Urethral profilometry has many limitations. Their sources are urethral anatomy and structure, equipment, patient collaboration and the examination technique. The repeatability is debatable, but doubts surrounding it seem to be exaggerated. Despite all this many valuable data can be obtained by performing an examination. Conclusions: Despite the limitations, urethral profilometry is a useful clinical tool for functional diagnostics of the urethra. Developing precise guidelines regarding indications, technique and interpretation of the assessment would be essential in order to take advantage of this diagnostic method
Komputer a rzeczywistość. Wykorzystanie gier komputerowych w rozwijaniu wybranych zdolności poznawczych dzieci w młodszym wieku szkolnym na przykładzie badań dzieci z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu umiarkowanym
No full textZ wprowadzenia: "Monitorowanie rozwoju dziecka w pierwszym roku jego życia jest niezwykle istotne. To najbardziej przełomowy czas, w którym nasze maleństwo z noworodka staje się niemowlakiem stawiającym pierwsze kroki i już porozumiewającym się ze światem. Po okresie niemowlęcym przychodzi okres wczesnego dzieciństwa, w którym dominuje ciekawość świata. Właśnie ta ciekawość staje się motorem napędowym do dalszego rozwoju i nieustannego uczenia się nowych rzeczy. To ciągłe eksperymentowanie, badanie, doświadczanie jest niczym innym jak nauką otaczającego świata. Świeżo upieczony przedszkolak potrafi już werbalnie skomunikować się z otoczeniem, jest bardziej samodzielny, by w końcu osiągnąć gotowość do podjęcia nauki w szkole."(...)Publikacja wydana w ramach projektu realizowanego przez Krakowską Akademię im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego pt. Nauczyciel 5.0 nowoczesny program kształcenia nauczycieli na jednolitych studiach magisterskich w dziedzinie pedagogiki przedszkolnej i wczesnoszkolnej w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój 2014–2020, współfinansowanego ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego, instytucja pośrednicząca: Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju, nr umowy: POWR.03.01.00–00-KN42/18–00
The Impact of Abandoning Fossil Fuels and the Development of Renewable Energy on the Global Labor Market
No full textThe impact of abandoning fossil fuels and the development of renewable energy on the global labor market is aimed at presenting the issue that affects now or in the near future most of the world’s economies (plants extracting fossil deposits and cooperating with them large enterprises and international corporations) in the field of correlation with environmental protection. The above is being realized, among others by departing in the next 20 years from the policy of extracting fossil fuels, especially coal, and is related to the use and development of renewable energy. This has a significant impact on the legal status of employees and employer. The departure from the extraction of fossil fuels will result in a sudden wave of mass layoffs around the world, including in Poland, and economic migrations, so now it is necessary to prepare an action plan for the next decades in terms of retraining employees and other possible forms of their professional activation, in the new realities of the labor market. In addition, there is a need to regulate possible ways of using renewable energy in people’s work, also in the context of the development of new technologies and their use in the work process. The development of the above should already result in the training of employees in new industries and create conditions for companies promoting the fight against global warming. It is important to deepen the study of the relationship between labor law and environmental protection law, which at the moment is unjustifiably downplayed, while in a dozen / several dozen years it will have a huge impact on human life, because climate change (and “currently” the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic) are already causing a lockdown in the world labor market. There is an absolute need to identify potential problems, adopt appropriate policies and action plans, and then successively implement them, e.g. for the transition to a low-carbon economy, but without much prejudice to the employment market and global unemployment. In this context, a coherent policy of the EU and international organizations will be important, including ILO, in order to ensure environmental and social order in employment relations, in the new reality of the 1950s, the 21st century. Conclusion de lege ferenda drawn after the above-mentioned research will be aimed at presenting potential opportunities for Poland and the world in terms of the new and employment policy
Violation of the information obligation in consumer credit advertisements
No full textW artykule poruszono problematykę niewłaściwego wypełniania obowiązku informacyjnego w reklamach kredytu konsumenckiego. Ustawa z dnia 12 maja 2011 r. o kredycie konsumenckim narzuca kredytodawcom i pośrednikom kredytowym konieczność zamieszczenia konkretnych informacji o ofercie kredytu konsumenckiego już na etapie jego reklamy. Nieprzestrzeganie tych zasad osłabia przejrzystość przekazu, uniemożliwia konsumentom poprawne odczytanie reklamowanej oferty i narusza obowiązujące prawo. W taki sposób zakłóca również prawidłowe funkcjonowanie rynku finansowego. Celem artykułu jest analiza najczęściej występujących nieprawidłowości w zakresie wymogów informacyjnych stosowanych w reklamach kredytu konsumenckiego na podstawie wydanych decyzji oraz raportów pokontrolnych sporządzonych przez Prezesa UOKiK, w których uznał zastosowane praktyki za niewłaściwe oraz naruszające zbiorowe interesy konsumentów.The purpose of the article is to analyze the most common violations of information requirements in consumer credit advertisements and to identify the reasons for repeated actions. The analysis draws on the previous actions and case law of the President of the OCCP, as well as the post-inspection reports prepared by him on combating irregularities appearing in consumer credit advertisements, in which he found the practices used to be inappropriate and in violation of the collective interests of consumers