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European energy vision 2050 and beyond: Designing scenarios for Europe’s energy transition
No full textA Preservation Theorem for Valued Structures
No full textThe algebraic approach to constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) has been very fruitful
for classifying computational complexity. This approach is based on the interplay of
polymorphisms, which are operations that preserve all relations of the CSP template,
and of relations that are primitively positively definable in the template. A central
result in the area is the so-called preservation theorem, due to Bodirsky and Nešetřil for
infinite-domain templates, which states that a relation is primitively positively definable
in a relational structure A if and only if it is preserved by all polymorphisms of A.
Valued CSPs are a natural generalization of CSPs that allows to model optimization
problems by replacing relations in the template by cost functions. For valued CSPs
over finite-domain templates a preservation theorem was proved by Fulla and Živný,
using the more general concepts of fractional polymorphisms and expressibility instead
of polymorphisms and primitive positive definability. The focus of this talk is an ongoing
project towards a common generalization of the result of Bodirsky and Nešetřil and of
Fulla and Živný for valued CSPs over infinite-domain templates. We conjecture that
given a valued structure Γ with an oligomorphic automorphism group, a valued relation R
is expressible in Γ if and only if R is improved by all fractional polymorphisms of Γ. If
true, this result would have far-reaching consequences related to the complexity of valued
CSPs and to the algebraic structure of templates for valued CSPs, e.g., existence of cores
Der Bildverlust: The Image and Its 'Thinking' in the Age of Information
No full textWhat is an image? A copy, a representation of a pre-existing object—like a map to a territory. Yet today, in the light of quantum physics and information theory, the image is what seems to anticipate —if not to ‘project’ its own object. The lecture aims to question the notion of the image as a mere copy or representation—a Platonic eidolon—in light of a physics of communication, and to investigate this ‘projectual’ nature by thinking through an architectonics of the image. Rather than a mapping or a faithful copy of an original, the image then becomes a ground of negotiation between what would otherwise be mutually alien domains, a room for an exchange that is neither merely symbolic nor economic, but nevertheless mathematical. Through this lens, the lecture aims to think through how such a shift can be helpful in rethinking not only cartography but also heritage and conservation by making room within these practices for an idea of loss
One City. Fourteen Houses. Many People. One Block.
No full textDie Stadt Wien ist geprägt durch ihre Vielzahl an gründerzeitlichen Bauten, die Seite an Seite ganze Blöcke formen und damit Straßen, Plätzen, Parks und Innenhöfen Kontur verleihen. Wir alle kennen Bilder von großartigen Innenhöfen, die durch Begrünung und damit einhergehende Aufenthaltsqualitäten kleine Rückzugsoasen im städtischen Trubel bilden. Leider ist das die Ausnahme. Meist dominieren heute Betonflächen, karge Hauswände und Mülltonnen das Bild der Höfe, die weder zum Aufenthalt einladen noch irgendeinen qualitativen Mehrwert für die Bewohner:innen liefern. Dabei bietet uns die Blockrandstruktur ein großes Spektrum solcher Zwischenräume an, abgeschottet vom Lärm der Straße könnte das Blockinnere den Bewohnenden Geborgenheit und Sicherheit vermitteln. In der Realität finden wir jedoch von Mauern und Zäunen zerstückelte Zeugen eines unbewussten Umgangs mit diesem Potential, welche ihren Ursprung in der Teilwidmung der Grundstücke und dem Klarstellen von Besitzgrenzen haben. Diese Arbeit versucht die Potentiale der gegebenen Strukturen herauszuarbeiten und mit der Idee einer Schaffung von nachbar:innenschaftlichen Verhältnissen in einer sonst anonymen Großstadt zu verknüpfen. Dabei soll das Ziel verfolgt werden die gründerzeitliche Stadt nicht mehr in Einzelparzellen zu verstehen, sondern zu einem Verständnis des Blockes als kleinstem Stadtbaustein zu gelangen. Mit dieser Auffassung werden alle innerhalb des Blocks gezogenen baulichen Grenzen zu Möglichkeiten sich zu öffnen um Qualitäten miteinander auszutauschen, aber auch neue, vorher undenkbare, komplexe Zusammenhänge zu schaffen, die uns ein neues Gefühl von Verbundenheit vermitteln. Das existierende Theater in dem betrachteten Stadtblock wird so im Zuge der Arbeit zum Ausgangspunkt für ein Geflecht kultureller Erweiterungen in die Nachbar*innengrundstücke hinein, und bietet so den Bewohner:innen ein breites Spektrum neuer Räume und Nutzungsmöglichkeiten. Diese sollen als niederschwellige Angebote den Kontakt und die Kommunikation der Menschen im Block fördern, um mit der Zeit ein starkes, soziales Gefüge, in der sonst so anonymen Großstadt zu bilden.The city of Vienna is characterised by its numerous Gründerzeit buildings, which, standing side by side, form entire blocks, giving contours to streets, squares, parks, and courtyards. We all know pictures of magnificent courtyards that form small retreat oases in the busy city through greenery and attractive opportunities to dwell. Unfortunately, this is the exception. Today, concrete surfaces, barren house walls, and trash cans usually dominate the aesthetic of the courtyards, which neither invite to stay nor provide any qualitative added value for the residents. The block structure offers us a wide range of such intermediate spaces, shielded from the noise of the street, thereby providing security and safety to the residents through the blocks interior. In reality, however, the wall and fence-divided courtyards are traces of an unconscious handling of this potential, which have their origin in the partial dedication of the plots and the clarification of property boundaries. This work attempts to highlight the potential of the existing structures and link them to the idea of creating neighbourhood relationships in an otherwise anonymous metropolis. The goal should be to understand the Gründerzeit city not as individual parcels, but to see the block as the smallest indivisible urban unit.With this view, all the built boundaries drawn within the block become opportunities for opening up to the exchange of qualities, but also to create new, previously unthinkable, complex relationships that give us a new sense of connectedness. The existing theatre in the city block under consideration will become the starting point for a network of cultural expansions into the neighboring properties, offering residents a wide range of new spaces and uses. These are intended as low-threshold offers to promote contact and communication among people in the block, in order to form a strong, social bond in the otherwise anonymous urban environment over time
Ross im Schloss - Revitalization of the count’s stable at castle Prugg
No full textDie Pferdestallungen Prugg bilden einen bedeutenden Bestandteil des Schlossensembles in Bruck an der Leitha. Das Reitschulgebäude wurde über das Ende der Monarchie und dem damit verbundenen gesellschaftlichen Wandel hinweg kontinuierlich in seiner ursprünglichen Funktion vom 17. Jahrhundert bis ins 21. Jahrhundert genutzt. Seit beinahe zehn Jahren führt der zunehmende Sanierungsbedarf zum Leerstand der Bausubstanz und wirft die dringliche Frage nach einer adäquaten Nutzung, angepasst an zeitgemäße Anforderungen, auf. Nicht zuletzt wird aufgrund der Unterschutzstellung der Erhalt des historisch wertvollen Bestandes und im weiteren Sinne eine geeignete Nachnutzung zum Gegenstand öffentlichen Interesses. Der prunkvolle Charakter des zum Barockschloss umgebauten Schlosses Prugg verdeutlicht sich im besonderen Maße in den zugehörigen Nebengebäuden, allen voran den Pferdestallungen. In keinem anderen Zeitalter als dem Barock fand der Nutzbau des Pferdestalls eine derart wichtige Bedeutung. Der repräsentative Charakter unterstreicht hierbei den Stellenwert des Pferdes als Statussymbol der Aristokratie. Dementsprechend ist das Reitschulgebäude von Schloss Prugg ein bedeutendes Zeugnis der höfisch-aristokratischen Baukultur und stellt im österreichischen Raum aufgrund seiner architektonischen Komplexität eine Besonderheit dar. Um den Erhaltungsanforderungen der historischen Bausubstanz, wie gleichermaßen den Interessen des Eigentümers, der Familie Harrach, bestmöglich gerecht zu werden, wird im Hinblick auf ein denkmalpflegerisches Konzept eine Analyse des Bestandes und seines Raumpotentials erstellt. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht darin, einen nachhaltigen und schonenden Entwurf zur Nachnutzung auszuarbeiten, der den Dialog zwischen der innerstädtischen Bebauung und der Schlossanlage am Altstadtrand herstellt.The Prugg stables constitute an important part of the Prugg Palace Ensemble in Bruck an der Leitha. The stables and riding school have been used continuously in its original function from the 17th century to the 21th century, despite the end of the monarchy and the associated social changes. For almost ten years, the increasing need for renovation has led to the building standing empty and has raised the urgent question of how it can be used in an adequate way that meets modern standards. As this building has been designated as listed, it is of puplic interest to preserve the valueable structure and, furthermore, find a suitablenew use for this historically important building. The lavish character of Prugg Castle, which was converted into a Baroque palace, is particularly evident in its outbuildings, especially the stables. In no other era than the Baroque did the functional building of the stable take on such importance and representative character, as the horse was considered a status symbol of the aristocracy. Accordingly, the riding school at Prugg Palace is an important testimony to courtly aristocratic building culture and is unique in Austria due to its architectural complexity. In order to best meet the conservation requirements of the historic building structure and the interests of the owner, the Harrach family, an analysis of the existing building and its spatial potential will be carried out. It will be followed by the creation and development of the newly designed conservation concept. The aim of this thesis is to develop a sustainable and careful design for reuse that establishes a dialogue between the inner-city development and the palace ensemble situated on the edge of the old town
Implementation of SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Surveillance Systems in Germany—Pilot Study in the Federal State of Thuringia
No full textEvaluation of the robustness of the defect-centric model for defect parameter extraction from RTN and BTI analysis using Comphy
No full textAdvanced reliability simulators like Comphy capture much of the state-of-the-art modeling behind charge trapping processes. An alternative approach to Comphy is to apply stochastic models, e.g. the defect-centric model, directly to the experimental data to extract the impact of defects on the device behavior and trap densities. In order to efficiently design defect characterization experiments, however, it is of utmost importance to understand the robustness of the defect-centric model under a variety of pre-conditions. In this work, we evaluate the requirements to employ the defect-centric model for data analysis, using simulated data from Comphy based on a real 400 nm × 180 nm pMOS device. Our results show that the number of devices from wafer-level tests does not suffice for statistical evaluation of RTN analysis. Here, preferably array chips should be used. For BTI studies, both wafer-level and array-chip tests enable us to extract good estimates for defect parameters with little computational effort
Silent Partners in the Mill: Unveiling the Role of Additives in Mechanochemical Synthesis
No full textMechanochemistry has attracted significant attention as a sustainable and efficient alternative to solution-based synthesis, offering the advantage of solvent-free conditions or the use of only minor amounts of solvent. Many established mechanochemical transformations rely on the use of additives—a strategy broadly referred to as additive-assisted grinding. The most employed additives are liquids (liquid-assisted grinding (LAG)), ionic solids, and non-ionic additives. Additionally, ionic liquids (ionic liquid-assisted grinding (IL-AG)), piezoelectric, or mechanoluminescent materials can be used. This review provides an overview of additive-assisted organic synthetic transformations under mechanochemical conditions, highlighting the roles, advantages, and limitations of additives, as well as emerging trends from recent literature
On Solving String Equations via Powers and Parikh Images
No full textWe present a new approach for solving string equations as extensions of Nielsen transformations. Key to our work are the combination of three techniques: a power operator for strings; generalisations of Parikh images; and equality decomposition. Using these methods allows us to solve complex string equations, including less commonly encountered SMT inputs over strings