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Characterization of CO₂ adsorption configurations on stoichiometric, reduced and hydroxylated In₂O₃
No full textThe First Female: Architecture Students at the Hebrew Technion
No full textThe Hebrew Technion of Haifa opened in December 1924 with a single civil engineering and architecture department. It admitted Zipora Neufeld to its first cohort, an only woman out of sixteen students. By the end of the 1950s, 75 women had graduated from the architecture department out of a total of 325 students. Drawing on oral history, contemporary press sources and archival materials, this chapter investigates the first generation of women architects educated at the Technion during its formative three decades. It critically examines the institution’s agenda and practices, addressing questions of nationality, culture, immigration, and gender within its architectural education framework. Additionally, it analyses the personal and professional trajectories of these women, offering a comparative perspective to their contemporaries who trained in European institutions
Design principles for enantiospecific para- and ortho-[3,3] rearrangements of chiral aryl–allyl ethers
No full textWe report a systematic study that elucidates the regio-determining features of the stereoretentive para-Claisen–Cope and ortho-Claisen rearrangements of enantioenriched aryl–allyl ethers under mild catalytic conditions. The role of the aromatic substitution pattern as well as the nature of the rearranging ether moiety were thoroughly investigated, revealing that both para- and ortho-alkylation proceeded enantiospecifically with near-perfect chirality transfer. These findings resulted in rational design principles for accessing synthetically versatile, enantioenriched phenols and gave insights into how steric and electronic influences direct the [3,3]-rearrangements
Social Distancing as a Public Goods Dilemma: High Economic Cost Reduces Voluntary Compliance
No full textParticipation in social distancing can be seen as a contribution to a public good that is influenced by 1) the marginal costs and benefits of those contributions and 2) expectations that other citizens will participate. We test our theory using an official government economic report on job loss as an exogenous, negative information shock. Using Canadian data, we show that this shock increased aggregate-level mobility and reduced self-reported social distancing among respondents surveyed throughout the pandemic (N=17,539), especially for younger respondents – a group that faces higher costs relative to benefits of compliance. We also conduct three survey experiments on nationally representative samples to unpack a possible mediating effect of expectations of others’ participation. Our results reinforce our principal findings, while also showing that 1) information on prospective economic cost reduces expectations of compliance by other citizens; and 2) expectations of compliance by others cause expectations of respondents’ own compliance
Fisher Information in Optics
No full textFisher information quantifies how precisely optical measurements can estimate physical parameters. I will present a framework describing how this information is carried by electromagnetic fields and enhanced by nanophotonic structures. Finally, I will show how Fisher information limits the performance of optical metrology based on artificial networks
Effect of enzymatic pretreatment and different fluxes on membrane fouling resistances during sour cherry juice filtration
No full textSour cherry juice is a popular fruit juice known for its high phenolic content and associated health benefits. However, effective clarification and processing remain challenging due to the complexity of conventional multi-step methods. Membrane-based processing offers advantages but is hindered by membrane fouling, which involves complex mechanisms. This study investigates the effect of enzymatic pretreatment on membrane fouling during sour cherry juice clarification at different permeate fluxes. Juice with and without pectinase pretreatment was filtered through a flat-sheet polyethersulfone microfiltration membrane at fluxes ranging from 8 to 52 L m⁻² h⁻¹. Microfiltration was performed using a submerged 0.4 μm PES flat-sheet membrane at a transmembrane pressure of 0.03–0.35 bar. Total hydraulic resistance was analyzed using Darcy’s law and divided into cake (RC), pore blocking (RP), and fluid (RF) resistances. A multi-scale model incorporating pore blocking and cake parameters was optimized with experimental data to characterize fouling. RC dominated at high fluxes regardless of pretreatment, while enzymatic pretreatment significantly reduced RF and increased RP. Flux was the primary driver of all resistances (p < 0.05), with pretreatment affecting only RP and RF. The model effectively captured the contrasting trends of cake formation and pore blockage, with R² values of 0.99 (without enzyme) and 0.82 (with enzyme). Optimized parameters support more efficient, sustainable clarification of sour cherry juice
Turbulent emulsions of hydrophilic and lipophilic surfactants
Get PDFWe investigate the adsorption of hydrophilic and lipophilic surfactants in turbulent oil-in-water emulsions
An Algebraic Proof of the Dichotomy for Graph Orientation Problems with Forbidden Tournaments
No full textFor a set F of finite tournaments, the F-free orientation problem is the problem of deciding if a given finite undirected graph can be oriented in such a way that the resulting oriented graph does not contain any member of F. Using the theory of smooth approximations, we give a new shorter proof of the complexity dichotomy for such problems obtained recently by Bodirsky and Guzmán-Pro. In fact, our approach yields a complexity dichotomy for a considerably larger class of computational problems, where one is given an undirected graph along with additional local constraints on the allowed orientations. Moreover, the border between tractable and hard problems is also described by a decidable algebraic condition