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Opinions of creators and teachers of the 3rd grade on national assessment of knowledge in mathematics in the 3rd grade of elementary school
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The social construction of environmental reality
No full textThis article offers a critical sociological-philosophical-communicological review of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method in the context of the food industry. While LCA has been established as a standardized tool for quantifying environmental impacts, this study analyses it not merely as a technical method but as an epistemological construct that actively shapes societal understanding of sustainability. Drawing on the theory of social construction of reality, situated knowledge, and critical theory, the article explores how methodological choices within LCA (e.g., system boundary definition and indicator selection) are not neutral but reflect specific social and political priorities. The findings reveal that standardized LCA approaches oſten lead to epistemological reductionism by homogenizing complex ecological processes and neglecting local contexts and environmental justice issues. Furthermore, the article examines the instrumentalization of LCA in sustainability communication and green marketing, where quantitative data are frequently used to legitimize existing business models rather than to drive systemic change. The discussion emphasizes the need to transcend instrumental rationality and shiſt toward transdisciplinary and deliberative approaches. The article advocates for integrating Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) and broader Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) frameworks to address sustainability challenges in the food industry more holistically, incorporating social justice and cultural sensitivity
Circular RNAs and their emerging roles in muscular immune-related diseases
No full textCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently emerged as a highly stable and versatile class of non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in gene regulation, yet their involvement in immune-mediated muscle disorders remains largely underexplored. This review synthesizes how circRNAs influence key processes in both skeletal muscle and immune cells, from myogenesis, regeneration, and muscle stem cell function to inflammatory signaling and muscle wasting. Our aim was to identify circRNA insights across muscle immune-mediated diseases. However, we found no idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-focused circRNA studies, only a limited body of work in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and predominantly peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based evidence in myasthenia gravis. These gaps highlight clear priorities: subtype-resolved circRNA atlases for idiopathic inflammatory myopathypaired muscle–biofluid and cell-type–resolved profiling (including infiltrating immune populations)rigorous in vivo functional validation beyond correlative expressionfuller mechanistic delineation beyond miRNA competition (e.g., RNA binding protein interactions, translation, epigenetic regulation)and longitudinal cohorts linking circRNA dynamics to disease activity and treatment response. We particularly noted lack of in-depth studies addressing the interplay between muscle and immune cells in these conditions. Furthermore, we examine pioneering efforts to engineer circRNAs as therapeutic agents, capable of either neutralizing pathogenic pathways that drive muscle atrophy or restoring dystrophin expression in genetic disease models. Finally, we outline future directions for circRNA profiling in patient tissues and biofluids, rigorous functional validation in vivo, and the development of circRNA-based diagnostics. This positions circRNAs at the forefront of next-generation strategies for understanding and combating immune-related muscular disorders
Sklepni navor in elektromiografska aktivnost med ekscentrično vajo za adduktorje kolka pri različnih kotih upogiba kolka
No full textOur objective was to investigate the effects of three hip flexion angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) and leg dominance on peak joint torque, angle at peak torque, and peak electromyographic activity (EMGA) of the adductor longus during bilateral eccentric hip adduction. Sixteen recreationally active participants completed bilateral eccentric contractions at each hip flexion angle using a custom-built dynamometer. The primary outcome measures were peak adduction torque, angle at peak torque, and EMGA of the adductor longus. A 3×2 repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the effects of hip angle and leg dominance. Hip flexion angle had a significant main effect on peak torque (F(2, 30) = 15.75, p<0.01), with peak torque significantly lower at 90° compared to 0° and 45°. No significant effects were observed for leg dominance or interaction. No significant main effects of hip flexion angle, leg dominance, or their interaction were observed on peak EMGA or peak torque angle. Eccentric hip adduction strength is reduced at 90° of flexion, likely due to mechanical disadvantage, while neural activation remains unchanged. These findings support the use of less flexed positions in eccentric training protocols for adductor strength development or injury prevention
Plants in danger
No full textPlants with complex floral morphologies are adapted to be pollinated by restricted pollinator assemblages and may suffer pollinator limitation. Understanding how floral traits and other variables relate to plant vulnerability can provide a powerful tool for predicting the conservation status and prioritizing the assessment of plants with scarce field data. Using circa 3000 records of rare and threatened (sensu IUCN) entomophilous plant taxa from seven Mediterranean countries, we evaluated how six floral traits and other eight intrinsic and extrinsic variables were related to plant vulnerability (less vs. more threatened plants). Besides, we analyzed 29 experts\u27 opinions regarding the floral traits most related to floral complexity. Floral shape, reproductive unit, and flowering duration were good vulnerability indicators. Taxa with lip- and flag-shaped flowers were the most threatened, which agrees with the opinion of experts who considered lip- and flag-shaped flowers to have more complex morphologies. Also, plants with cylindrical inflorescences or solitary flowers were more threatened than those with flat-spherical inflorescencesand longer flowering durations reduced the probability of being threatened. Regarding extrinsic variables, coastal and freshwater habitats, i.e. habitats heavily impacted by human activities, had the highest percentage of highly threatened taxa. Yet, plant vulnerability decreased with maximum elevation and total distribution range. These results may serve as a basis for managers and practitioners when field data are scarce or unavailable, so that, depending on their traits, species could be provisionally listed in Red Lists as deserving priority for assessment to ascertain conservation status and actions
