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THE GAP BETWEEN RICH AND POOR COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
No full textOvaj završni rad se bavi analizom jaza između bogatih i siromašnih zemalja svijeta. Cilj je vidjeti povećava li se ili smanjuje predmetni jaz te kakvi su trendovi. Predmet istraživanja jesu odabrani makroekonomski pokazatelji pomoću kojih ćemo realizirati cilj ovog rada. Odabrani makroekonomski pokazatelji kao predmet istraživanju su BDP, BDP per capita, BDP per capita PPP, tekući račun platne bilance, izvoz, uvoz, dohodak po glavi stanovnika, očekivani životni vijek, stopa smrtnosti dojenčadi, stopa rizika od siromaštva, prosječne plaće. Za potrebe izrade rada uzimali su se podatci većinom sa stranica Svjetske banke, Eurostata i Državnog zavoda za statistiku. Zaključak ovog rada je da u usporedbi s odabranim zemljama Hrvatska ima jako dobre rezultate makroekonomskih pokazatelja i nisku stopu siromaštva.This final paper deals with the analysis of the gap between rich and poor countries of the world. The goal is to see if the gap between rich and poor countries of the world is increasing or decreasing. The subject of the research are selected macroeconomic indicators with which we will realize the goal of this paper. Selected macroeconomic indicators as the subject of the research are GDP, GDP per capita, GDP per capita PPP, current account ballance , exports, imports, per capita income, life expectancy, infant mortality rate, at-risk- of-poverty rate, average wages. For the purposes of compiling the paper, data were mostly taken from the World Bank, Eurostat and the Central Bureau of Statistics. The conclusion of this paper is that in comparison with selected countries, Croatia has very good results of macroeconomic indicators and a low poverty rat
APPLE SCAB VENTURIA INAEQUALIS (COOKE) G. WINTER IN INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION
No full textRješenjem zadatka potrebno je obuhvatiti slijedeće: Postaviti pokusno istraživanje u svrhu praćenja pojave bolesti na osnovu intenziteta zaraze prezimljujućih biljnih ostataka (zaraženo otpalo lišće). Utvrditi i usporediti intenzitet zaraze po kategorijama zaraženosti prikupljenog bolesnog lišća ostavljenog da prezimi u prirodnim uvjetima. Provesti laboratorijsku analizu prisustva patogena po odabranim kategorijama sa ciljem utvrđivanja prisustva plodišta/peritecija, te zrelosti askusa i askospora. Praćenje bolesti obavljeno je na sortama Idared i Jonagold iz sustava integrirane proizvodnje te sortama Pinova i Topaz iz sustava ekološke proizvodnje. Obradom dobivenih rezultata donijeti zaključke u svezi provedenog istraživanja.The solution of the task should include the following: Set up an experimental study to monitor the occurrence of the disease based on the intensity of infection of overwintering plant residues (infected fallen leaves). Determine and compare the power of infection by categories of infection of collected diseased leaves left to overwinter in natural conditions. Conduct laboratory analysis of the presence of pathogens by selected categories to determine the presence of fruiting bodies/perithecia and the maturity of ascus and ascospores. Disease monitoring was performed on Idared and Jonagold varieties from the integrated production system and Pinova and Topaz varieties from the organic production system. By processing the obtained results, conclude the conducted research
THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CROATIA`S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
No full textCilj ovoga rada je istražiti utjecaj članstva Republike Hrvatske u Europskoj uniji na ekonomski razvoj Republike Hrvatske. U radu se analiziraju najvažniji ekonomski pokazatelji u periodu od 1996. do 2021. godine. Istraženi pokazatelji su uvoz, izvoz, bruto domaći proizvod, bruto domaći proizvod po glavi stanovnika, zaposlenost, nezaposlenost, produktivnost rada, bruto dug opće države, minimalna plaća te iskorištenost fondova Europske unije u Republici Hrvatskoj. Analiza je napravljena kroz analizu trenda prije i poslije pristupanja u članstvo. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da postoji pozitivan utjecaj, nekad veći nekad manji, na sve ekonomske pokazatelje koji su istraženi.The aim of this thesis is to determine the influence of the European Union membership of the Republic of Croatia on its economic development. The thesis analyses the most important economic data in the period from 1996 to 2021, with regards to import, export GDP, GDP per capita, employment and unemployment rates, productivity, country's debt, minimal monthly salary and the usage of European Union funds in the Republic of Croatia. The analysis is based on economic trends before and after joining the European Union. The results of the research show that there is a positive influence which is sometimes bigger sometimes smaller on all economic indicators that where a part of the research
Starches Modified by Combination of Phosphorylation and High-Voltage Electrical Discharge (HVED) Treatment
No full textStarch is extensively used in the food industry as a texture modifier, a fat substitute, and in other applications. To optimise starch functional properties for specific use, it is subjected to various modifications. High-voltage electrical discharge (HVED) treatment, as a non-thermal and rapid process, was applied in this research as a single method and in combination with phosphorylation in order to explore its potential for improving starch physicochemical properties. Maize, wheat, potato, and tapioca starches were modified, and Na5P3O10 and Na2HPO4 were used for phosphorylation. Starch gelatinisation parameters (by DSC) ; paste clarity ; and contents of amylose, damaged starch, and resistant starch were determined ; and FTIR- -ATR spectra were recorded. All modifications reduced the enthalpy of gelatinisation and decreased contents of amylose, resistant starch, and damaged starch. The effect of the HVED treatment on starch properties depended on starch type and combinations with chemicals. HVED could act as an aid in the starch phosphorylation process since the properties analysed were more effectively improved when HVED was combined with phosphorylation than by phosphorylation alone
ACCOUNTING MONITORING OF SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF COMPANY X
No full textObveza općenito predstavlja nečiju dužnost da nešto učini. Obveze u svijetu računovodstva predstavljaju sva trenutna dugovanja poduzeća koja su nastala slijedom prošlih događaja. Ukoliko se očekuje da će se obveze podmiriti u roku 12 mjeseci tada takve obveze klasificiramo u kratkoročne obveze, što je i tema ovog završnog rada. Sve ostale obveze koje će se podmiriti u roku duljem od 12 mjeseci klasificiramo u dugoročne obveze. Poduzeće se može financirati iz vlastitih i tuđih izvora od kojih su jedne i obveze. Obveze mogu nastati prema drugim poduzećima za nabavljenu robu, pružene usluge ili dan zajam, prema bankama i drugim kreditnim institucijama za dane kredite, prema zaposlenicima za plaće, prema državi i drugo. Obveze su bilančna pozicija pasive te se prema kontnom planu smještaju u razred 2.An obligation is generally someones duty to do something. Liabilities in teh world of accounting represent all current debts of companies that have arisen as a result of past events. If the liabilities are expected to be settled within 12 months, then such liabilities are classified as short-term liabilities, which is the topic of this final paper. All other liabilities that will be settled within 12 months are classified as long-term liabilities. The company can be financed from its own and other peoples sources, some of which are liabilities. Liabilities may arise to other companies for purchased goods, to banks and other credit institutions for loans granted, to employees for salaries, to the state and others. Liabilities are the balance sheet position of liabilities and are placed in class 2 according to the chart of accounts
The Shadow Economy in Croatia
No full textThe shadow economy is a global phenomenon, regardless of the state of development of the country. However, the volume differs from country to country. Although there are different definitions of the shadow economy, it can be considered as unregistered economic activities that would contribute to the officially accounted gross national product if these activities were recorded. The paper presents the results of past papers that examine the causes and effects of the shadow economy, which they show that a strong presence of the shadow economy has been identified in Croatia, whose volume of shadow economy often tops charts in the European Union. According to some research estimates, it is calculated that the shadow economy comprises around a quarter of GDP and more. The main goal of this research is to examine the connection between the shadow economy and employment, unemployment, employee earnings and economic performance in Croatia. Correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to estimate the correlation of the mentioned variables and the shadow economy. Constrained by the availability of comparable data, the analysis covered the period from 2000 to 2019. The missing data in the panel were imputed using Fully Conditional Specification, where each incomplete variable is imputed by a separate model. Results unexpectedly showed that the growth of the shadow economy in Croatia is related to the growth of wages and GDP per capita, which can be explained by the negative migration balance in Croatia.It was determined that less workload of workers during the working week is associated with a higher level of the shadow economy.The expected increase in the shadow economy is associated with a decline in GDP growth.The result is indicative that a higher number of working hours in a working week is associated with lower gross and net wages and GDP per capita. The increase in employment is related to the lower level of the shadow economy, but also a higher share of the unemployed in the total population leads to a reduction in the shadow economy
SHADOW ECONOMY IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
No full textSiva ekonomija predstavlja obavljanje aktivnosti izvan okvira službenog gospodarstva.
Postoje njezine pozitivne strane, ali više je onih negativnih zbog čega je u cilju njezino
smanjenje na minimalnu razinu. U ovom radu definirana je siva ekonomija, njezini uzroci,
posljedice i mjere koje je potrebno poduzeti za njezino suzbijanje. Osnovni cilj je analiza sive
ekonomije u Republici Hrvatskoj i procjena udjela zaposlenih u sivoj ekonomiji metodom
radne snage. U sklopu ovog rada provedena je anketa o sivoj ekonomiji.Shadow economy represents an economic activities not regulated or taxed by the government.
Although the shadow economy has some good sides and effects, there are more negative
consequences. Therefore, the governing bodies are trying to integrate and regulate such a
form of economy or reduce it to as much as they can. In this paper I will define the shadow
economy, its causes, consequences and measures that need to be taken to prevent it. Main
focus of this paper is analysis of the shadow economy in the Republic of Croatia and the
assessment of the procent of employees in the shadow economy by the labor force
participation rate (LFPR). As part of this paper, a survey on the shadow economy was
conducted
OPPORTUNITIES AND PERSPECTIVES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN ISTRIA COUNTY
No full textIstarska županija je tokom posljednja tri desetljeća, a prepoznajući važnost razvoja poduzetništva te zahvaljujući brojnim i izdašnim investicijama u istarsko gospodarstvo i poduzetništvo, ostvarila zavidne gospodarske pokazatelje te je dosegla sam vrh konkurentnosti i gospodarske snage nad ostalim županijama Hrvatske. Predmet istraživanja ovoga rada su mogućnosti razvoja poduzetništva u Istarskoj županiji sa prognostičkim perspektivama razvoja istoga. Cilj istraživanja je prikazati aktualni razvoj poduzetništva u Istarskoj županiji, mogućnosti i potencijale koje ista ima za unapređenje toga razvoja, kao i prikazati buduće perspektive razvoja poduzetništva u Istarskoj županiji, analizirajući njezine razvojne strategije, programe i konkurentnost poduzetništva. Svrha je istraživanja ukazati na važnost budućih perspektiva razvoja poduzetništva za Istarsku županiju te koliko svojim progresivnim razvojem može doprinijeti unapređenju gospodarstva Istarske županije. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da, razvijajući strategije razvojnih programa za unapređenje i poticanje poduzetništva, u Istarskoj županiji počelo se isto razvijati eksponencijalnom snagom, gdje je istarsko gospodarstvo velikom brzinom doseglo jedno od najviših stopa ekonomskog rasta u državi. Istarska županija ostvarila je veliki uspjeh u poduzetništvu, posebice u sektoru turizma, poljoprivrede, ribarstva i trgovine. Ovi sektori imaju u Istri izvrstan razvojni potencijal primarno zbog povoljnog geografskog i klimatskog položaja Istre, bogatstva prirodnih i kulturnih resursa, kao i blizine mora te mnogih razvijenih gradova, koji su iako po svojoj strukturi maleni, ali su pokazali znatan uspjeh u razvoju poduzetništva.Over the last three decades, the County of Istria, recognizing the importance of entrepreneurship development and thanks to numerous and generous investments in the Istrian economy and entrepreneurship, has achieved enviable economic indicators and reached the very top of competitiveness and economic strength over other Croatian counties. The subject of this paper are the possibilities of entrepreneurship development in the County of Istria with prognostic perspectives for its development. The aim of the research is to present the current development of entrepreneurship in the County of Istria, opportunities and potentials that it has to improve this development, as well as to present future prospects for the development of entrepreneurship in the County of Istria, analyzing its development strategies, programs and competitiveness. The purpose of the research is to point out the importance of future perspectives for the development of entrepreneurship for the County of Istria and how much its progressive development can contribute to the improvement of the economy of the County of Istria. The results of the research showed that, developing strategies of development programs for the promotion and encouragement of entrepreneurship, the Istrian County began to develop exponentially, where the Istrian economy quickly reached one of the highest rates of economic growth in the country. The County of Istria has achieved great success in entrepreneurship, especially in the sectors of tourism, agriculture, fisheries and trade. These sectors have excellent development potential in Istria primarily due to the favorable geographical and climatic position of Istria, rich natural and cultural resources, as well as the proximity of the sea and many developed cities, which are small in structure but have shown significant success in entrepreneurship
CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
No full textKultura je socijalna kategorija i osnovna funkcija joj se komunikacija s svijetom. Ona se prenosi s koljena na koljeno i javlja se u različitim oblicima. Razlikuje se od društva do društva i postupno se mijenja i razvija. Kultura se uči od starijih članova društva, ali i svaki novi naraštaj dodaje nešto svoje. Ona uvelike utječe i na ponašanje potrošača. Ponašanje svakog potrošača na osobno je odraz njegovih navika, ideja i vrijednosti. Ovisno kojoj kulturu pripada potrošač će se različito ponašati. Tako će potrošač u Njemačkoj pomno planirati svoju kupnju, potrošač u Japanu će pokušati učiniti svoju kupnju što više efikasnijom i ekonomičnijom, dok će se kupac u islamskim zemljama cjenkati s prodavačem kako bi postigao što bolju cijenu. Ponašanje potrošača danas je jedna od bitnih stavki koje se analiziraju kod odabira prave marketinške strategije. Da bi se odabrala dobra strategija bitno je istražiti i kulturu u kojoj se potencijalni kupac nalazi i kako ta kultura i njezine vrijednosti utječu na samo ponašanje potrošača. Razvojem kulture razvijati će se i novi stavovi potrošača i potrebno ih je predvidjeti na vrijeme. Kako bi se ispitalo koliko kultura ima utjecaj na ponašanje potrošača, provedena je anketa u kojoj su ispitanici odgovarali koliko njihove kulturne vrijednosti utječu na njih kako potrošače.Culture is a social category and its basic function is to communicate with the world. It is transmitted from generation to generation and occurs in various forms. It varies from society to society and gradually changes and evolves. Culture is learned from older members of society, but each new generation also adds something of its own. It also greatly influences consumer behavior. The behavior of each consumer in person is a reflection of his habits, ideas and values. Depending on which culture the consumer belongs to, they will behave differently. Thus, the consumer in Germany will carefully plan his purchase, the consumer in Japan will try to make his purchase as efficient and economical as possible, while the buyer in Islamic countries will bargain with the seller to achieve the best possible price. Consumer behavior today is one of the essential items that are analyzed when choosing the right marketing strategy. In order to choose a good strategy, it is important to explore the culture in which the potential customer is and how that culture and its values affect the behavior of consumers. With the development of culture, new attitudes of consumers will take shape and it is necessary to anticipate them in time. To examine how much culture has an impact on consumer behavior, a survey was conducted in which respondents gossiped about how much their cultural values affect them as consumers
Industrial production in Croatia
No full textCroatian entrepreneurs recognize the importance of Industry 4.0. for the overall development of the economy. There is an awareness that product digitization can ensure employment growth and modernization of the economy leading to higher financial results. Some Croatian solutions in terms of digital products are already present. Nevertheless, Industry 4.0 in Croatia is still in its infancy, which is an opportunity for Croatian companies, but they are facing strong competition on a global level. There are no consistent data on the level reached by Croatia in terms of smart production, but there is data that Croatia is somewhere in the European Union average in terms of technological renewal of its companies, but in terms of the share of new products it is at the bottom of the European Union. What Croatia is like in terms of total industrial production, employment and productivity in industry, and what is the strategy for achieving greater competitiveness is the topic of this paper