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Instrumentalizacja porządku konstytucyjnego jako narzędzie kontroli politycznej w przestrzeni postsowieckiej. Przypadek Republiki Gruzji
Get PDFGeorgia is one of the most democratized states in the post-Soviet space. This article presents the mechanisms of instrumentalization and ideologization of the Georgian constitution and its political and social context. The absence of a consolidated state of the law was found to have four causes: 1) colonial experiences of the Enlightenment; 2) heritage of Soviet legislation; 3) rapid Westernization of the legal system; 4) political actors and parties manipulating the constitution in the name of particularistic interests
Bridging the Gaps Between Communities and their Memories: Comparing Community-Based Archives in Five Countries
Get PDFhttps://doi.org/10.3828/coma.2022.10While there is a developing international discussion on the topic of community archives in different parts of the world, there has not been any sustained attempt to study community-based archives within a comparative framework. The aim of the article is to initiate a more systematic and comparative discussion of the different realities of community archives internationally (measured against and perhaps critiquing the descriptions and definitions offered by the dominant Anglophone literature on the topic). This article draws upon the authors’ presentation at the ICA’s Rome 2022 Conference of their comparative analysis of the contexts, form, and operation of community archives in five different countries (Brazil, China, Poland, Portugal and the United Kingdom). The authors also put forward an initial set of six criteria they believe are useful for future international comparative approaches to understanding community archives: terminology and definitions; typologies and characteristics of the archives; recent history and social structure of the country/region; relationships with external entities; funding and support; law and national archival and heritage systems
EVOLUTION OF THE RULES AND TECHNIQUES OF COPYING THE MANUSCRIPTS OF THE TATARS OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA
Get PDFVarying in time and place of origin, copies lead to conclusions about the evolution of rules and techniques of copying the manuscripts of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. A comparative analysis of surah 114 in nine manuscripts of various chronology – in particular, an analysis of text gaps, copyists’ particularities, and glosses contained therein, resulted in establishing the sequence of links in the chain of mutually dependent copies. Owing to the comparison, established the relationships between the tefsirs: TCNB and TUP. They also occur between the manuscripts copied in Lithuania: TAL1, TW, and TCHJ. Although TL differs from the other tefsirs, one can point to its relations with TCNB, TW, and TAL1 as well as certain similarity to ChG. With regard to the development of recording techniques and the modernisation of subsequent copies of Tatar monuments, modifications, i.e. newer forms, occur in relation to – among other things – the graphemes used (e.g. the differentiation of the spelling of the phonemes o-u with wāw with ḍamma [u] and wāw with fatḥa [o]; the spelling of etymological ŕ as ž and, in the so-called transitional period, as a combination of rž or rš; the gradual displacement of the letter ḍād with ẓā’ until the latter predominated; the replacement of the letter ṣagīr-i-nūn with nūn; the spelling of the soft phoneme [s] with the letters ṯā’ (ś) or sīn (s̀), combined with the abandonment of the use of the letter (ڛ) in this respect, which was typical of some of the earliest texts, and occurred only as an exception in later copies of manuscripts; the proliferation of the letter ḥā’ (which replaced ḫā’) to mark the phoneme [x], inflectional forms (cf. old case endings coexisting with newer ones) or lexical forms
How to Meet the Green Deal Objectives - Is It Possible to Obtain 100% RES at the Regional Level in the EU?
Get PDFThe subject matter discussed in the article concerns the problem of the energy transformation of the European Union (EU) countries. In the case of the EU, the energy transformation has specific characteristics due to formal legal and institutional provisions. This means that the member states are obliged to implement the adopted Community Energy Strategy, which was defined under the European Green Deal. According to the EU policy, all member states are to have climate-neutral and zero-gas-emission economies by 2050. The energy transformation is to be largely based on the diversification of the energy sources used, with a dominance of renewable energy sources (RES). The article presents a research problem, where the question was asked whether achieving climateneutral energy independence based solely on RES is possible at the regional level. It seems that the positive answer is an important argument in the discussion about the possibility of all member states achieving the goals set under the European Green Deal. Additionally, stating the possibility of energy independence from RES for a selected region is an important argument to promote just and bottom-up initiatives in order to carry out the energy transformation more effectively. The assessment of the energy potential from renewable sources at the regional level was carried out on the example of a selected NUTS 2 region, the Greater Poland Voivodeship in Poland. The main objective of the study is to analyze the possibility of obtaining independence from RES by the selected Greater Poland Voivodeship. The implementation of the objective consists of determining the energy potential from RES in the Voivodeship under study on the basis of the methods of a geographic information system (GIS). GIS methods were selected due to the fact that they allow for the spatial positioning of point, line, and surface structures in relation to the potential of RES, thus ensuring high accuracy of the obtained estimates. The analysis carried out in the study shows that the technical potential of RES in the Greater Poland Voivodeship is higher than the current electricity and heat usage. This means that by focusing solely on RES in the region, the Greater Poland Voivodeship can fully meet the energy demand thanks to its green resources. It should be emphasized that the Greater Poland Voivodeship is one of the coal-dependent regions in Poland that has already prepared a structured plan of just transformation. A locally and bottom-up prepared strategy assumes the conversion of the region from a “Coal Energy Region” into a “Green Energy Valley” in which economic development will be strictly connected to RES energy independence.Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruni
Wykłady z fonetyki rosyjskiej, s.105
No full textWykłady uwzględniają nowe tendencje w wymowie rosyjskiej, szczególnie w zakresie wokalizmu nieakcentowanego, oraz wprowadzają zmodyfikowane znaki transkrypcji. System fonemów rosyjskich jest dodatkowo opracowany w postaci diagramu binarnego, a na zakończenie wykładów jest podjęta próba syntetycznego ujęcia fonetyki, fonologii i teorii pisowni rosyjskiej w ich wzajemnym powiązaniu.Wykłady z fonetyki rosyjskiej opracowane w ramach zdalnego nauczania dla słuchaczy I roku filologii rosyjskiej UMK w latach 2020-21. Zawierają opis współczesnej XXI-wiecznej wymowy rosyjskiej oraz jej interpretację funkcjonalną (fonologiczną), jak również podstawowe założenia teoretyczne pisowni rosyjskiej związanej z warstwą foniczną język
Care involvement and power relations. Parenting and gender in contemporary Poland
Get PDFObjective: The study examines the opportunity structures of fathers and mothers in Polish
society in the context of their right to use parental leave.
Background: The use of parental leave by fathers remains at a low level in Poland. The reasons for this lie in the way the family policy system is designed and also in cultural norms regarding care and gender. Consequently, Polish fathers and mothers have different
possibilities for actually taking parental leave.
Method: The analysis is based on qualitative data gathered during in-depth interviews with Polish mothers and fathers. In total, 53 interviews were conducted with parents of children aged 1–8 from different socio-economic situations and with different attitudes to
parenthood and gender roles.
Results: The analysis shows that the opportunity structures of fathers and mothers differ distinctly. Fathers and mothers use different types of power in their relationship. Fathers usually use debilitative power that allows them to withdraw from unwanted obligations to care, and also not to take parental leave. In contrast, mothers use situational power, which helps them sustain control over family life. Both of these strategies for using power limit
the other person’s right to use or not to use parental leave.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that there is a need to change the system of parental leaveNarodowe Centrum Nauki, grant Sonata 10 UMO-2015/19/D/HS6/0233
Controlling Rotationally Resolved Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectra with Polarization
Get PDFRecent advancements in infrared frequency combs will enable facile recording of coherent two-dimensional infrared spectra of gas-phase molecules with rotational resolution (RR2DIR). Using time-dependent density-matrix perturbation theory and angular momentum algebra techniques, we derive new polarization conditions unique to freely rotating molecules and absent in the condensed phase. These polarization conditions can be used to suppress parts of 2DIR rovibrational response, clarifying complicated RR2DIR spectra. With the polarization control methods described here, RR2DIR spectroscopy can be a powerful tool for studying complex gas mixtures of polyatomic molecules.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 101028278. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award Number 1708743 and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant Number FA9550-20-1-0259
International city organizations – middleman in policy transfer or independent policy actor?
Get PDFDuring the last decades, mankind has experienced unprecedented expansion of globalization. In this respect, the process of policy transfer has emerged as a tool of exchanging ideas, policies and administrative arrangements mostly among states and intergovernmental organizations. The aim of this article is to examine policy transfer in terms of city networks. In doing so, the authors have found and researched almost 70 existing city networks in the world. Using Dolowitz and Marsh’s 2000 framework, the authors have researched the areas in which cities co-operate and the subject matters of such cooperation.Narodowe Centrum Badań, grant OPUS nr 2021/41/B/HS5/00526
"Pan Tadeusz" wśród emigracji niepodległościowej 1945 r. Kilka uwag
No full textWielu polskich uchodźców z czasów II wojny światowej, którzy później stali się emigrantami, mniej lub bardziej świadomie nawiązywało do Wielkiej Emigracji. Romantyzm był ważnym systemem odwołań i układem odniesienia w rozwoju kultury polskiej emigracji, zwłaszcza tej o rodowodzie wojennym. "Pan Tadeusz" jest wyraźnie obecny literaturze i obiegu czytelniczym powojennej emigracji niepodległościowej – co dowodzi trwałego zespolenia pewnych idei XIX- i XX-wiecznej emigracji
Biblical Exegesis and Theology in Thomas Aquinas. Understanding the Background of Biblical Thomism
Get PDFIn the face of the dichotomy of biblical exegesis and theology, one of the main postulates of Biblical Thomism is the integration of both activities. In this sense, it is understandable why there are philosophical threads in exegesis, and why we find many scripture references in sacra doctrina. The article, first presenting modern attempts to separate exegesis from theology, analyzes the three aspects of studying
Sacred Scripture in practicing theology according to Aquinas. For him, exegesis is the alphabet of theology, but the requirement is that the extraction of the meanings
of Scripture should be complemented by theological activity.Narodowe Centrum Nauki [National Science Center in Poland] no. 2019/35/B/HS1/0030