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Beyond Defence. Rhetorical Strategies in Paulus Orosius’s Liber apologeticus
Get PDFThis paper explores the argumentative structure of Paulus Orosius’s Liber apologeticus within the context of classical apologia. Drawing on Sharon D. Downey’s analysis of classical apologia, the research underscores the work’s adherence to classical rhetorical strategies suitable for this literary genre. Orosius follows a classical speech structure, incorporating elements from rhetorical textbooks like Cicero’s De inuentione. The analysis reveals Orosius’s division of the argument into defence and accusation, organized around status coniecturae. It is also presented how Orosius employs a comparative mode of argumentation, contrasting biblical events with Pelagius’s ideas, supported by emotional appeals and exclamationes. Another important feature of Orosius’s discourse is the frequent use of invective. In summary, my paper provides original insights into Orosius’s argumentative strategies, emphasizing the unique characteristics of the Liber apologeticus within the classical tradition of apologia.This research was funded by the National Science Centre of Poland, grant number: 2021/41/B/HS2/00755
Is the Austrian School Value-Free? On the Dependence of Austrian Economics on Political Philosophy
Get PDFThis research was funded in whole or in part by the National Science Centre,
Poland, grant number 2020/39/B/HS5/00610. For the purpose of open access, the
author has applied a CC-BY public copyright license to any author-accepted manu-
script version arising from this submission.Austrian economists tend to declare that their economics is value-free.
The present article argues that it is not. As we show, the basic conceptual
framework employed by Austrian economists in their putatively value-free
studies is actually embedded in libertarian political philosophy. Specifically, a
major notion of Austrian economic analysis—that is, the notion of free (voluntary)
exchange—presupposes Lockean property rights. Accordingly, Austrians define all
concepts derivative of free exchange (e.g., free market, socialism, interventionism,
calculational chaos, monopoly, social welfare) in terms of just distributions of ownership titles. However, instead of eschewing the value-laden component of
their economics, Austrians may openly embrace it, for their theory is naturally
predisposed to axiological nonneutrality.Narodowe Centrum Nauki/National Science Centre
This research was funded in whole or in part by the National Science Centre,
Poland, grant number 2020/39/B/HS5/00610. For the purpose of open access, the
author has applied a CC-BY public copyright license to any author-accepted manu-
script version arising from this submission
The Christian Concept of Forgiveness and Religious Education Facing the Problem of Individualism
Get PDFThe analysis undertaken in this article pertain to the challenge faced by education, which consists of overcoming the negative aspects of contemporary individualism, such as the building of instrumental relationships by people maturing in a culture permeated with it. Consequently, there is limited responsibility taken for the other people co-creating these relationships. The author puts forward the thesis that the Christian concept of forgiveness is an appropriate point of reference for reflection on the nature of interpersonal relationships and the issue of responsibility for other people, even when they are weak and their behaviour is the cause of disappointment and regret. The main part of the analysis was devoted to understanding forgiveness, which is the essence of the Christian attitude and, at the same time, the subject of many controversies. However, from the analysis of excerpts from the Bible, it was concluded that the often-raised doubts about the moral value of forgiveness are a consequence of identifying God’s forgiveness with decisions made by people and an erroneous understanding of the relationship between forgiveness and repentance. The dispelling of these doubts was a premise for the statement that it can become the basis of contemporary social and moral education
Mocznik: Współczesne koncepcje metabolizmu i fizjologicznej roli w organizmie człowieka
No full textAn analysis of the literature shows that urea is not just an end product of metabolism but also an active regulator of physiological processes. If, in high concentrations, it is toxic to the body, then in small concentrations, it performs a bioregulatory function. In addition to ammonia detoxification and urine concentration, urea regulates blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, reproductive function, and apoptosis; it has antioxidant and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Indirectly, RAS can influence the processes of inflammation and fibrosis in the kidneys, blood vessels, and heart. However, additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of its action
Libertarianism, rights-scepticism, and the argument from the justified use of force
Get PDFNiniejszy artykuł oraz będące jego podstawą badania zostały w całości lub części sfinansowane przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki. Numer grantu: 2020/39/B/HS5/00610. Na potrzeby wolnego dostępu, autor stosuje licencję CC-BY do każdej wersji artykułu będącej wynikiem niniejszej submisji.The present paper analyzes Stephan Kinsella’s argument from the justified use of force against rights-skepticism. The point of the argument is to demonstrate that rights-skepticism runs into performative contradiction because in order to prove that there are no natural rights, it has to assume that its opponent has such rights. In turn, a failure of rights-skepticism is supposed to indirectly prove the existence of natural rights and thus libertarian private property rights as well. By the employment of the Hohfeldian analysis of rights, the present paper demonstrates that the argument from the justified use of force fails.Narodowe Centrum Nauki/National Science Centre
Niniejszy artykuł oraz będące jego podstawą badania zostały w całości lub części sfinansowane przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki. Numer grantu: 2020/39/B/HS5/00610. Na potrzeby wolnego dostępu, autor stosuje licencję CC-BY do każdej wersji artykułu będącej wynikiem niniejszej submisji
Free Market, Blackmail, and Austro-Libertarianism
Get PDFThis research was funded in whole or in part by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant number 2020/39/B/HS5/00610. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission.In the present paper we examine the standard Austro-Libertarian account of blackmail according to which blackmail should be legal as it does not coerce the blackmailee to part with his property and so cannot be subsumed under extortion. Against this account we put forth a preliminary argument or a hypothesis, if you will, that even if blackmail cannot be subsumed under extortion, it still does not follow that it should be legal, for it might be subsumed under fraud. Indeed, the hypothesis we would like to offer for consideration is that blackmail is fraud, at least under some circumstances. To wit, we claim that even if the blackmailer does not coerce the blackmailee, in cases in which the blackmailer does not have an intention to execute his otherwise legal threats, he nonetheless deceives the blackmailee, thereby inducing him to part with his property. This is fraud and it renders the blackmailee’s property transfer involuntary and invalid. As fraud should be illegal under Austro-Libertarianism, so should blackmail.National Science Centre/Narodowe Centrum Nauki
This research was funded in whole or in part by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant number 2020/39/B/HS5/00610. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission
Eyetracking jako jeden ze sposobów oceny doświadczeń użytkownika (UX)
No full textCel/Teza: Zastosowanie technologii eyetrackingu jako metody i techniki pomiarowej w badaniach nad user experience otwiera nowe możliwości zrozumienia, w jaki sposób ludzie odbierają i reagują na różnego rodzaju interakcje z technologią. Koncepcja/Metody badań: Śledzenie ruchu oka użytkownika podczas korzystania z interfejsów pozwala na dokładniejszą analizę, co przyciąga ich uwagę i jakie elementy wpływają na ich zachowanie. Analiza piśmiennictwa jest wykorzystana do uporządkowania terminologii oraz przedstawienia wybranych przykładów realizowanych badań. Wyniki i wnioski: Zastosowanie eyetrackingu w badaniach nad UX umożliwia dogłębne zrozumienie reakcji użytkowników na interfejsy oraz identyfikację czynników wpływających na ich doświadczenie z produktami technologicznymi. Oryginalność/Wartość poznawcza: Artykuł koncentruje się na wykorzystaniu eyetrackingu w kontekście badań nad user experience, co przynosi pogłębione zrozumienie zachowań użytkowników w interakcjach z technologią. Wnosi również wartość poprzez analizę literatury i przedstawienie przykładów badań.Badania zostały przeprowadzone w ramach projektu BITSCOPE o nr 2021/03/Y/ST6/00002 finansowanego przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki w ramach programu CHIST-ERA IV, który otrzymał dofinansowanie na podstawie Umowy Finansowej nr 857925 w ramach Programu finansowania badań naukowych i innowacji Unii Europejskiej Horyzont 2020
A review of Polish research on the thematic-rhematic structure of speech (1977–1997)
Get PDFArtykuł jest syntetycznym przeglądem polskiego piśmiennictwa językoznawczego z lat 1977–1997 pod kątem publikacji poświęconych strukturze tematyczno-rematycznej wypowiedzi. Umowne granice opisywanego okresu wyznaczają daty publikacji dwóch ważnych monografii (Bogusławski 1977, Wajszczuk 1997). W kolejnych paragrafach zebrane są m.in. informacje o pionierskich publikacjach z lat 70. XX w., najważniejszych kierunkach badań nad STR prowadzonych przez polskich językoznawców we wskazanym okresie (1977–1997), a także o pracach zorientowanych bardziej dydaktycznie.The article is a synthetic review of Polish linguistic literature 1977–1997 from the point of view of publications devoted to the thematic-rhematic structure of utterances. The conventional boundaries of the described period are marked by the publication dates of two important monographs (Bogusławski 1977, Wajszczuk 1997). The following paragraphs gather information about, among other things, pioneering publications from the 1970s, the most important directions of STR research carried out by Polish linguists in the period indicated (1977–1997), as well as more didactically oriented works