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The evolution of silence: The role of inter-turn speech pauses in the co-evolution of language and cooperation
Full text linkLanguage and cooperation are tightly linked aspects of human interaction, with language serving as a tool to assess potential cooperation partners. We propose that inter-turn speech pauses, which have essential social-communicative functions, have played a significant role in the co-evolution of language and cooperation. Our experiment investigated how listeners use the duration of these pauses to assess knowledge, confidence, and willingness in conversation partners. We found that long pauses are generally perceived as indicative of lower competence and willingness. However, listeners were more tolerant of long pauses in non-native speakers, interpreting them as the result of prolonged cognitive processing in a non-native language. This pattern was consistent across languages and cultures. Our follow-up study explores whether these relationships persist when participants don't understand the language, supporting the idea that pauses may have been used as early communicative signals before fully-developed shared linguistic systems existed. Additionally, inter-turn pauses may be promising for investigating links between communication and cooperativeness across species.Michael Pleyer was supported by project No. 2021/43/P/HS2/02729 co-funded
by the National Science Centre and the European Union Framework Programme
for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie
grant agreement No. 945339
Black Protests in Poland: The transformation of public outrage with unconventional political participation
Full text linkPreprint publikacjiDemocracy offers a determined set of conventional instruments of political mobilization focused on the electoral process, while unconventional political participation includes controversial measures associated with spontaneous conflict management. Demonstrations, protests, marches, and boycotts are the core of the democratic landscape, expressing political emotions, reducing social distress, and offering an additional platform to defend threatened civic rights or values. The emotional component and the regulative function differentiate unconventional political participation and conventional political campaigning. This chapter investigates the process of the Black Protests in Poland as a political and emotional response to a parliamentary initiative to restrict abortion laws. It discusses political and emotional motivations, and the ways in which they were regulated in spontaneous protest actions. It presents how the unconventional measures inspired conventional democratic actions, including party politics, political representation, and the formalization of the movement. The assessment of the emotional and regulative functions of the Black Protests is based on the data collected from social media platforms in 2016-2017, while the investigation of the influence on conventional politics is based on media discourse analysis, parliamentary debates, and political parties' official statements. The discursive approach to collected sources offers a perspective on the arousal of political emotions, their regulation through unconventional measures, and their adaptation within conventional party politics. It also helps to understand how the anger and fear expressed during the Black Protests reframed Polish political debate and influenced the electoral campaign in 2019.This research paper is a result of the research project “Civil Disorder in Pan-
demic-ridden European Union”. It was financially supported by the National
Science Centre, Poland (2021/43/B/HS5/00290)
Strengths and Limitations of an Online Qualitative Survey in Times of Social Crisis: Example of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Full text linkThe aim of the article is to argue that an online qualitative survey (OQS) is a useful re-search technique that is feasible to apply during a social crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. AnOQS has an unclear status in the spectrum of research techniques, as it combines features of quan-titative and qualitative research, and there is little recognition in the literature of its advantages anddisadvantages in the context of other research techniques used during a social crisis. We describeour research experiences of using this technique and the experiences of our survey participants. Wealso compare the strengths and limitations of using an OQS during the COVID-19 pandemic againstother techniques used at the time.
(PDF) Strengths and Limitations of an Online Qualitative Survey in Times of Social Crisis: Example of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385411969_Strengths_and_Limitations_of_an_Online_Qualitative_Survey_in_Times_of_Social_Crisis_Example_of_the_COVID-19_Pandemic [accessed Nov 04 2024].This work was supported
by the Faculty of Economics and Sociology, Univer-
sity of Lodz, under the “Young Researchers’ Grant
2022,” the Institute of Applied Social Sciences at
the University of Warsaw under Grant 501-D134-01-
1340200/95/22, and the Institute of Sociology, Nico-
laus Copernicus University in Toruń
Evictionism Is Either Redundant Or Contradicts Libertarianism. Response to Walter Block on Abortion
Full text linkThis research was funded in whole or in part by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant number 2020/39/B/HS5/00610. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission.The present paper is a response to Walter Block’s critique (Block 2024, 57-66) of our recent argument (Dominiak & Wysocki 2023, 527-540) against his theory of partial impermissibility of abortion called evictionism. This time, however, instead of targeting Block’s thesis that the unwanted fetus is a trespasser again, we take it for granted – merely arguendo, to be sure – and argue that even if this problematic thesis is admitted, evictionism should still be rejected as either unlibertarian or redundant vis-à-vis the otherwise well-established doctrine of killing and letting die. Our main argument focuses on the problematic nature of eviction and shows that requiring eviction as the gentlest method of stopping the unwanted fetus’s invasion of the woman’s rights involves burdening her with positive duties, an anathema to libertarianism. Presumably, the notion of eviction could be interpreted in a way that does not introduce positive duties into libertarianism. However, then eviction would reduce to letting the fetus die, rendering the entire project of evictionism essentially superfluous as compared with the age-old doctrine of doing and allowing.Narodowe Centrum Nauki/National Science Centre
This research was funded in whole or in part by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant number 2020/39/B/HS5/00610. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission
Wdech - Wydech
No full textWydawcą katalogu "Wdech - Wydech" jest Stowarzyszenie Artystyczne "Otwarte"
Organizatorzy wystawy: Centrum Kultury Dwór Artusa w Toruniu i Kultywacja Artystyczna PLANTA
Współpraca: Stowarzyszenie Artystyczne "Otwarte"
Kurator wystawy: Krzysztof Mazur
Autor Katalogu: Krzysztof Mazur
Projekt graficzny katalogu: Matylda Sutuła Yoyo Design
Tekst krytyczny: Dorota GrubbaW 2024 roku odbył się kolejny cykl spotkań twórczych w ramach corocznych „Koncentracji”,
tegoroczna edycja określona została tytułem „Wdech – Wydech”. Pomysłodawcą i kuratorem
projektu był artysta Krzysztof Mazur, który zaprosił do udziału kilkudziesięciu uczestników
z różnych środowisk twórczych. Odbyło się szereg spotkań i prezentacji, a zwieńczeniem była
wystawa i publikacja zawierająca dokumentację wydarzeń, prac artystycznych oraz tekst krytyczny Doroty Grubby-Thiede. W projekcie wzięli udział między innymi rzeźbiarze z Katedry
Architektury Wnętrz i Rzeźby naszego uniwersytetu: Katarzyna Adaszewska, Stanisław Kośmiński, Ala Majewska i Maciej Wierzbicki. Warto zaznaczyć, że Krzysztof Mazur był związany z uczelnią od ponad trzech dekad.
Z tekstu kuratora:
W roku 2024 Koncentracja przebiegła pod hasłem „Wdech – Wydech”. Podstawową intencją było grupowe doświadczenie relaksacyjne w połączeniu z refleksją nad stanem naszej świadomości i kondycji psychofizycznej w obliczu codziennego, uciążliwego nadmiaru bodźców.In 2024, another series of creative meetings took place as part of the annual "Concentrations." This year's edition was titled "Inhale – Exhale." The project was conceived and curated by the artist Krzysztof Mazur, who invited dozens of participants from various creative fields. A series of meetings and presentations were held, culminating in an exhibition and a publication featuring event documentation, artistic works, and a critical text by Dorota Grubba-Thiede. Among
the participants were sculptors from the Department of Interior Architecture and Sculpture at our university: Katarzyna Adaszewska, Stanisław Kośmiński, Ala Majewska, and Maciej Wierzbicki. It is worth noting that Krzysztof Mazur had been associated with the university for over three decades.
From the curator's text:
In 2024, the theme of Concentration was "Inhale – Exhale." The primary intention was to facilitate a collective relaxation experience combined with reflection on the state of our awareness and psychophysical condition in the face of the overwhelming excess of daily stimuli.Projekt "Wdech - Wydech" został dofinansowany ze stypendium artystycznego przyznanego Krzysztofowi Mazurowi przez Marszałka Województwa Kujawsko - Pomorskiego
Russell’s Theories of Events and Instants from the Perspective of Point-Free Ontologies in the Tradition of the Lvov-Warsaw School
Full text linkThis is an original manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in : History and Philosophy of Logic, 45(2), 161--195, on 25.04.2024, available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2023.2293414.We classify two of Bertrand Russell’s theories of events within the point-free ontology. The first of such approaches was presented informally by Russell in “The World of Physics and the World of Sense” (Lecture IV in Our Knowledge of the External World (1914)). Based on this theory, Russell sketched ways to construct instants as collections of events. This paper formalises Russell’s approach from (1914). We will also show that in such a reconstructed theory, we obtain all axioms of Russell’s second theory from (1936) and all axioms of Thomason’s theory of events from (1989). Russell’s work certainly influenced the works of Stanisław Leśniewski, his student Alfred Tarski, and Czesław Lejewski—prominent members of the Lvov-Warsaw School (LWS). We see our work in the tradition of the research of Leśniewski and Tarski. Building on the technical tools developed in this environment and in the spirit of the traditional research of the LWS, we engage here, in particular, with two classic works by Russell on fundamental ontology.This research was funded in whole or in part by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant number 2021/43/B/HS1/03187. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any Author Original Manuscript (AOM) version arising from this submission
Neurotropic, hormonal and immunotropic activity of uric acid / Edited by Mykhaylo M. Korda, Anatoliy I. Gozhenko, Igor L. Popovych, Ivan M. Klishch 2024, 206 p.
No full textRecommended for publication by the Academic Council State Institution
"Horbachevskyi National Medical University"
(Protocol No. 3 of March 27, 2024)
DEDICATED TO IVAN YAKOVYCH HORBACHEVSKYI
IVAN YAKOVYCH HORBACHEVSKY - A PIONEER IN THE SYNTHESIS OF URIC ACID IN VITRO
Academician Ivan Gorbachevsky left behind a considerable legacy in the world of science, consisting of numerous scientific works that have retained their value, continue to inspire, and awe biochemists. His passion for knowledge and the pursuit of truth were evident even during his school years when he attended Ternopil Gymnasium. His involvement in the secret student group "Hromada" (Community) played a role in this. Members of the group read the works of Taras Shevchenko, Panteleimon Kulish, and Ivan Kotliarevsky, with the goal of awakening national consciousness and exploring the historical past of their people. However, he embarked on his scientific path for the first time while already a student and working as a demonstrator in the Department of Medical Chemistry under Professor Ludwig.
As a 22-year-old student in 1875, he conducted his first independent scientific work, dedicated to the vestibular nerve, and published it in the proceedings of the Vienna Academy of Sciences. This achievement earned him recognition from the university administration and admission to the German scientific society.
Three years later, in the same proceedings of the Vienna Academy of Sciences, his new scientific work appeared, titled "On the Decomposition Products Formed Under the Action of Hydrochloric Acid on Albuminoids." Then, in 1882, another publication followed titled "On the Digestion of Elastin," which he conducted under the influence of the enzyme pepsin. Having obtained amino acids as the final products from albuminoids and elastin, the young assistant Ivan Gorbachevsky came to the entirely logical conclusion that these were the building blocks from which proteins were constructed. Thus, Ivan Gorbachevsky's early scientific works were dedicated to the physiology of digestion. This research direction was quite common among scientists at that time, and it was passed on to the young assistant by Professor Ludwig.
However, by then, Ivan Gorbachevsky was already captivated by the idea of synthesizing organic compounds, especially those found in the human body, the functions of which were unknown. Such substances were considered to be exclusively characteristic of living organisms, and it was believed that they could not be synthesized outside the body.
Gorbachevsky's attention was drawn to a substance discovered in urine in 1776 by the Swedish researcher K. Scheele, which he named uric acid. A bit later, this acid was also found in urinary stones associated with gout attacks.
Many renowned scientists sought to artificially synthesize uric acid. Eminent biochemists like Liebig, Wöhler, Fischer, A. Rosen, and Nensky dedicated themselves to this goal but without success. Nensky even claimed to have synthesized uric acid first. However, fate had a different plan. Gorbachevsky was familiar with the work of the German scientist D. Stecker, who had established that upon heating uric acid with hydrogen iodide, it decomposed into carbon dioxide, ammonia, and the amino acid glycine.
Logical reasoning led him to assume that the ammonia and carbon dioxide obtained by Stecker from the heating of uric acid were the end products of uric acid decomposition, which, obviously, had formed from uric acid itself. This is why the young scientist, Ivan Gorbachevsky, at the Institute of Medical Chemistry at the University of Vienna, used the products of uric acid breakdown, glycine, and urea, for the synthesis of uric acid. Taking a mixture of these two substances in a 1:10 ratio, he heated it to a temperature of 230°C, cooled the melt, and then dissolved it in diluted potassium lye. Subsequently, using a magnesium mixture and a solution of [Ag(NH3)2]OH, silver urate was precipitated. Uric acid was obtained from the alkaline solution upon acidification with hydrochloric acid. Thus, for the first time in the history of world science, in 1882, uric (ureatic) acid was synthesized. This discovery brought great fame and honor to Austrian science, especially the University of Vienna.
The significant attention devoted to the synthesis of uric acid by scientists can be explained not only by the fact that it was first synthesized by a young, relatively unknown worker at the University of Vienna, but also by the fact that many famous scientists around the world had worked unsuccessfully on this issue. Furthermore, during this period, there was a dominant vitalistic approach in biology and medicine, according to which substances characteristic of living organisms could not be artificially obtained outside of them.
Ivan Gorbachevsky's work on the synthesis of uric acid contributed to the advancement of science and our understanding of the biological role and origin of uric acid in the body. This laid the foundation for his future theory on uric acid formation in the human body and other mammals.
After 1882, the entire scientific community began to take notice of Ivan Gorbachevsky. Some were enthusiastic and joyful about his discovery, while others were surprised and skeptical. Skeptics couldn't believe that a young 28-year-old Slavic scientist had achieved what many renowned German and French chemists had failed to do. Not only did this young scientist manage to synthesize a substance that others couldn't using his original method, but he also defended his priority in scientific discussions with opponents. Based on scientific facts and the results of his own research, Ivan Gorbachevsky convincingly proved the correctness of his findings, and most of his opponents agreed with him and became his friends.
Ivan Gorbachevsky's discovery of uric acid synthesis led to his appointment as an associate professor of medical chemistry at Charles University in Prague in 1983, and within a few months, he became a full professor. Here, he developed the foundations and organized the field of medical chemistry, which the university had lacked before his arrival. At the beginning of his professorial career in Prague, he taught not only chemistry but also pharmacology, physiology, and lectured on dietetics and toxicology.
However, the main focus of his scientific work at that time was the study of nitrogen compound metabolism and the synthesis of organic compounds in general.
In 1885, Ivan Gorbachevsky achieved the synthesis of methyluric acid by heating uric acid with methylglyoxal or isopropyl ether of allophanic acid. Then, in 1887, he proposed another method, which involved melting uric acid with chloroacetic acid or trichloroacetic acid or the amide of the latter. All these synthesis methods, pioneered by our compatriot, became classic and engraved Ivan Gorbachevsky's name in golden letters in the annals of world science.
In 1885, Ivan Gorbachevsky also successfully synthesized another crucial nitrogen-containing compound for the body - creatine. He proposed a volumetric method for determining nitrogen in various body fluids, which found application both in experiments and in clinical practice.
In the following years, Professor Gorbachevsky directed his research towards understanding the mechanisms of uric acid formation in mammals' bodies. In 1889, while studying this question, he discovered the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which plays a role in the oxidation of the purine compound xanthine into uric acid. By 1890, Gorbachevsky published a paper in a German chemistry journal on the origin of uric acid in mammals' bodies.
The following year, he became the first among biochemists to establish a connection between the transformation of xanthine bases, produced during nucleic acid breakdown, and the biosynthesis of uric acid. Through experiments with mammalian leukocytes, our scientist demonstrated that uric acid is formed from nuclear components of cells. His systematic studies on uric acid synthesis, the establishment of its chemical structure, and experiments on mammals' transformations of purine bases allowed him to propose the world's first theory of uric acid formation in the body. This groundbreaking theory was presented in 1891 in Wiesbaden when Ivan Gorbachevsky delivered his report on "The Theory of Uric Acid Formation." This theory, based on all his previous research, logically reflected the concept of nucleic acid transformations.
The theory of uric acid formation in the body has not lost its significance to this day. Contemporary views on uric acid biosynthesis have only been slightly supplemented with new data regarding the influence of various exogenous and endogenous factors on uric acid biosynthesis and its content in body tissues. The direction initiated by Gorbachevsky continues to flourish in many scientific schools worldwide, especially in the study of nucleic acid metabolism disorders.
It can be confidently stated, echoing the French scientist Coste (1953), that the works of Academician Ivan Horbachevsky on the artificial synthesis of uric acid and the investigation of its biosynthesis in the organism remain unrivaled and significant to this day.
Between 1891 and 1893, Ivan Horbachevsky published works that demonstrated that the formation of uric acid and its content in the organism significantly depend on a person's clinical condition, nutritional factors, the type of food products consumed, and more.
It's worth noting that while developing the theory of uric acid formation, Professor Horbachevsky simultaneously developed a methodology for isolating nucleic acids from organ tissues. His work on this topic was published in 1898 in a paper titled "A General Method for Extracting Nucleic Acid from Organs" ("Lіkarskiy zbіrnyk NTSh," 1898, Vol. 1, pp. 1-4). Modern methods for extracting nucleic acids are essentially slight modifications of the approach proposed by our compatriot.
Ivan Horbachevsky, who consistently worked in the field of natural sciences, also took an interest in the life of his fellow countrymen, particularly the economic condition of peasants. He collected materials on topics related to the physiology, hygiene, and nutrition of the population. This represented a new scientific direction in the field of medical and biological research. The results of his research in this area were published in an article titled "Contributions to the Knowledge of the Rural Population of Galician Podillya," which was published in "Lіkarskiy zbіrnik NTSh" in 1899, Vol. 2, Issue 2, page 1.
Professor Ivan Horbachevsky's recognized authority in the scientific world is evident from his election as Vice President of the International Medical Congress, held in Paris from August 2 to 9, 1900, where he also served as the President of the Chemical Section. During the congress, Ivan Horbachevsky led the Ukrainian delegation.
In the same year, he presided over the Biological Section at the 3rd Congress of Czech Naturalists and Physicians in Prague. At this event, he presented a paper titled "On the Formation of Fat in the Animal Organism." Additionally, another one of his methodologies for detecting blood pigment for forensic medical purposes was published in the congress proceedings.
Much of Ivan Horbachevsky's time was occupied by his work on the Regional Sanitary Council, aimed at improving the environment and reducing the negative health impact of industrial waste on people's health. As the outbreak of World War I approached, his scientific work did not slow down despite his extensive commitments to teaching and public affairs.
During this period, he conducted interesting and original research on the issue of pellagra. In 1911, he published a series of works on this topic, including "Experimental Approaches to the Etiology of Pellagra." Based on observations of the diets of pellagra patients, he concluded that the cause of this disease was the inadequacy of nutrition, primarily from plant-based foods, particularly corn products, which seemed to lack certain vitamins, similar to the known vitamins A, B, C, and D. Horbachevsky's hypothesis was later confirmed with the discovery of vitamin "PP" as the anti-pellagra factor.
The following year marked the publication of another work in the journal of Czech physicians titled "On Poisoning with Alcohol - Denatured Methyl Alcohol," in which he described the effects of alcohol on the organism. He also published a paper in the same journal in 1916 titled "On Lead Poisoning When Using Galvanized Iron Water Pipes," addressing toxicological issues.
Ivan Horbachevsky's research had a significant impact on the population of Prague. His work on sanitary standards for drinking water led to the construction of a water supply system from the clean Izera River instead of the polluted Vltava River. This led to a significant reduction in typhoid fever cases. However, later investigations revealed that the use of galvanized water pipes did not pose such a significant risk of poisoning, and Horbachevsky conducted further research and recommendations to minimize or eliminate the illness.
Professor Ivan Horbachevsky's research and contributions reflected his keen awareness of the social needs of the population, particularly issues related to malnutrition and food quality. His research papers, such as "Experimental Studies on the Nutritional Value of Lichens" (1917), exemplify this commitment. Unfortunately, this research direction did not receive further development due to his appointment as Minister of Health, which demanded a great deal of his daily work. Nevertheless, his scientific approach to finding new methods and sources of nutritious human food, initiated by Prof. Horbachevsky, continues to be relevant today, as a significant portion of the global population still lacks adequate nutrition, especially in terms of protein-rich food. Ivan Horbachevsky's genius was directed towards addressing this problem as early as 1917.
With the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Horbachevsky became an active participant in the formation of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic (ZUNR). He developed a healthcare program for the ZUNR, organized the opening of the Ukrainian Free University in Vienna and Prague, and served as its rector in 1923-1924 and 1931-1935. In 1924, he published the first Ukrainian university textbook on "Organic Chemistry" in Prague and worked extensively on Ukrainian scientific chemical terminology.
As a renowned scientist, Ivan Horbachevsky was elected as an academician of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (VUAN) in 1925. In Prague, he founded and chaired the administration of the "Museum of the Liberation Struggle of Ukraine" society. He prepared numerous medical professionals and scientists for service in Ukraine. He also organized and chaired the First and Second Ukrainian Congresses in Prague in 1926 and 1932.
With the declaration of independence of the Carpatho-Ukrainian State in 1939, Horbachevsky organized a committee for the defense of Carpathian Ukraine in Czechoslovakia.
For many years, Horbachevsky was a professor of organic chemistry at the Ukrainian Free University in Prague and served as its rector for several years. His scientific legacy comprises more than 50 publications in German, Czech, and Ukrainian languages.
Professor Ivan Horbachevsky made a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian scientific chemical terminology, which was of great importance for Ukrainian science and culture. He dedicated much time and effort to establishing and popularizing Ukrainian terminology in the field of chemistry.
In the first Ukrainian textbook on organic chemistry published in 1924, Ivan Horbachevsky expanded and explained his approach to introducing Ukrainian chemical terminology. He aimed to make it accessible and understandable for students and scientists by combining Ukrainian and international terms.
Notably, in 1927-1928, Ivan Horbachevsky chaired the Chemical Commission for Nomenclature at the Ukrainian Economic Academy in Poděbrady. This commission developed the principles of Ukrainian chemical terminology, which were published in the "Protocol" dated January 4, 1928. Prominent chemistry professors were among its members.
His final work on the subject, "The Current State of Ukrainian Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry," like his previous efforts, was used and implemented by scientists in Ukraine. In preparing textbooks in the Ukrainian language, he extensively studied folk chemical terminology and compared it with international and other Slavic chemical nomenclatures.
In 1903, Professor Ivan Horbachevsky published an article titled „Remarks on Chemical Terminology” in the collection of the Shevchenko Scientific Society (NTSh). This article marked the beginning of Ukrainian chemical nomenclature, which was essential for him in writing chemistry textbooks.
According to Professor Ivan Horbachevsky, the nomenclature he proposed for the main types of chemical compounds, based on a combination of Ukrainian folk terminology and international systems, is exceptionally straightforward, logical, and poses no difficulties in its understanding and adoption. He was deeply convinced that over time, in line with the progress of science and language, chemical nomenclature would continue to evolve and adapt.
Professor Ivan Horbachevsky's proposed nomenclature for organic (1924-1926) and inorganic (1939-1941) compounds formed the basis for the classification and nomenclature of chemical substances, which were developed and implemented in Ukraine before the Second World War.
Throughout his long life, Ivan Horbachevsky initiated and advanced numerous new scientific disciplines. His genius spanned fields such as inorganic, organic, and biological chemistry, hygiene, forensic medicine, and toxicology. In the field of biochemistry, he made significant contributions by researching protein structure and digestion, vitamins, purine metabolism, the structure and isolation of nucleic acids, dietary hygiene, and the search for new nutritious food products.
Equally important for the advancement of science was his establishment of a scientific school that continued his work. Among his most prominent students in Czechoslovakia were academician, professor, and medical doctor Emanuel Formanek (1869-1922), who essentially succeeded Ivan Horbachevsky as the head of the chemistry department at Charles University in 1918. Other notable students included Professor Karel Cherni (1871-1921), Professor Doctor Antonin Gamzik, Professor Doctor Richter, Professor Doctor Karel Kacel, Professor Doctor Jan Shula, Doctor Kukula, Professor Doctor Mlodajowski, Professor Nadislav Gashkoveci, Professor Doctor Sillaba, Professor Doctor Emil Schwagr, and others.
The name of Ivan Horbachevsky is indeed well-known in the scientific world and is engraved with golden letters in the annals of global science. The portrait of Rector Ivan Horbachevsky, along with portraits of other rectors, adorns the walls of the central hall of the main building of Charles University, where solemn meetings of the university's academic council take place. A bust of Academician, Professor, and Doctor Ivan Horbachevsky, created by the renowned Ukrainian sculptor M. Brynsky, stands among the busts of academicians in the Czech Academy of Sciences building in Prague. Ivan Horbachevsky's name has been resurrected from Soviet oblivion and is held in great esteem in his homeland. Ivan Horbachevsky continues to work for Ukraine and its independence to this day.Korda MM, Gozhenko AI, Popovych IL, Klishch IM, Bombushkar IS, Korda IV, Badiuk NS, Zukow WA, Smagliy VS. Neurotropic, hormonal and immunotropic activity of uric acid. Monograph. Ternopil’: Ukrmedknyha; 2024: 206 p. ISBN 978-966-673-487-0 DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10990426
This monograph presents the results of priority experimental and clinical-physiological research on the relationship between uricemia and uricosuria with parameters of urea, creatinine, electrolyte exchange, as well as the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. In line with the concepts of the neuroendocrine-immune complex and the functional-metabolic continuum, using discriminant and canonical correlation analysis methods, it is demonstrated that the uric acid molecule exhibits significant physiological activity and can be considered the fourth endogenous signaling molecule alongside NO, CO, and H2S.
For biochemists, pathophysiologists, neurologist, endocrinologists, and immunologists.
© Horbachevskyi National Medical University, Ternopil’, Ukraine 2024
© Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Medicine of Transport, Odesa, Ukraine 2024
© AuthorsAnnotation
In an experiment on healthy rats, a wide range of parameters of uric acid exchange was revealed, and it was shown for the first time that 34 immune parameters out of 41 registered were significantly correlated with them. Uricosuria (to a greater extent) and uricemia (to a lesser extent), taken together, determine the state of immunity by 71%. Uric acid stimulates the phagocytosis of Staph. aureus by neutrophils (but not monocytes) of the blood, increases the relative content of lymphocytes in general and B-lymphocytes in particular in the blood, T-lymphocytes and macrophages in the thymus and fibroblasts in the spleen, and also increases the entropy of the blood immunocytogram. On the other hand, uric acid reduces the entropy of the blood leukocytogram, the total content of leukocytes in the blood and the relative content of monocytes and rod-shaped neutrophils in the leukocytogram, natural killers in the immunocytogram, as well as the entropy of the thymocytogram and the con
A comprehensive study of floods in Poland in the 17th–18th centuries
Full text linkStudy region
Poland, with the regions of Baltic Coast and Pomerania, Masuria-Podlasie, Greater Poland, Masovia, Silesia, and Lesser Poland located in the basins of the Baltic Coast rivers, the Vistula River and the Oder River.
Study focus
This study focused on completing the documentation of historical floods in Poland before the 19th century and providing a valuable source for historical hydrology studies in Europe. To this end, a comprehensive database of all floods for the 17th–18th centuries was used, that was based on documentary evidence from 293 sources and 978 weather notes describing all flood occurrences.
New hydrological insights for the region
The finding of this study revealed the occurrences of 678 floods, including 37 new cases that have been discovered and documented only in this research. Spatial analysis of the results revealed that most of the floods occurred in the Vistula River basin. The number of floods by season was greatest for summer (JJA) (47 %) and smallest for autumn (7 %). Investigation of the origin of floods indicated that rain was the main factor contributing to occurrences of floods in Poland (38 %). The estimation of the intensity of floods showed that most of the floods were “smaller, regional floods” (257 cases) based on the Brázdil et al. (2006b) classification and “extraordinary” (501 cases) in the Barriendos & Coeur (2004) classification.This research was funded by a grant from the National Science Centre, Poland, project (no: 2020/37/B/ST10/00710). The funding for publication costs (open-access) was provided by the "Excellence Initiative - Research University" program (IDUB) at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
Polish Discourse Corpus (PDC): Corpus Design, ISO-Compliant Annotation, Data Highlights, and Parser Development
Full text linkThis paper presents the Polish Discourse Corpus, a pioneering resource of this kind for Polish and the first corpus in Poland to employ the ISO standard for discourse relation annotation. The Polish Discourse Corpus adopts ISO 24617-8, a segment of the Language Resource Management – Semantic Annotation Framework (SemAF), which outlines a set of core discourse relations adaptable for diverse languages and genres. The paper overviews the corpus architecture, annotation procedures, the challenges that the annotators have encountered, as well as key statistical data concerning discourse relations and connectives in the corpus. It further discusses the initial phases of the discourse parser tailored for the ISO 24617-8 framework. Evaluations on the efficacy and potential refinement areas of the corpus annotation and parsing strategies are also presented. The final part of the paper touches upon anticipated research plans to improve discourse analysis techniques in the project and to conduct discourse studies involving multiple languages.The work was financed by the European Regional Development Fund as a part of the 2014–2020 Smart Growth Operational Programme, CLARIN — Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure, project no. POIR.04.02.00–00C002/19 and the Polish Ministry of Education and Science grant 2022/WK/09