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    Grzegorczyk and Whitehead Points: The Story Continues

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    The paper is devoted to the analysis of two seminal definitions of points within the region-based framework: one by Whitehead (1929) and the other by Grzegorczyk (Synthese, 12(2-3), 228-235 1960). Relying on the work of Biacino & Gerla (Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, 37(3), 431-439 1996), we improve their results, solve some open problems concerning the mutual relationship between Whitehead and Grzegorczyk points, and put forward open problems for future investigation.Narodowe Centrum Nauki (Polska), grant 2020/39/B/HS1/0021

    Badanie praktyk korzystania z publikowania otwartego wśród polskich naukowców w zakresie nauk o komunikacji społecznej i mediach

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    W części kwestionariusza wykorzystano pytania z ankiety SOAP. Por. Dallmeier-Tiessen S. i in. (2011). Highlights from the SOAP project survey. What Scientists. Think about Open Access Publishing [online], ArXiv, 20.01.2011 [dostęp: 25.02.2024]. Dostępny w WWW: https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.5260.Plik zawiera kwestionariusz ankiety badawczej "Badanie praktyk korzystania z publikowania otwartego wśród polskich naukowców w zakresie nauk o komunikacji społecznej i mediach". Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w okresie od 30 listopada 2023 r. do 16 stycznia 2024 r

    Cierpienie tajemnicą – homilia bł. ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki o św. Szczepanie, diakonie i męczenniku

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    Błogosławiony ks. Jerzy Popiełuszko inspirował wielu, zarówno pojedyncze osoby, jak i różne środowiska. Z jego postawy emanowała troska o ludzi, szczególnie o robotników, prześladowanych przez władze komunistyczne oraz ich najbliższe rodziny. Ksiądz Jerzy poruszał słowami, szczególnie homiliami, które wygłaszał podczas Mszy świętych za Ojczyznę. Pamiętał w nich przede wszystkim o tych, którzy za nią cierpieli, nie chciał, aby cierpienia niewinnych osób zostały zapomniane . W niniejszym artykule odwołano się do przygotowanego przez ks. Jerzego szkicu homilii, którą wypowiedział we wspomnienie liturgiczne diakona św. Szczepana, pierwszego męczennika. Postać błogosławionego kapłana, w tym jego słowa, mogą się stać źródłem inspiracji dla diakonów, w tym dla diakonów stałych posługujących od 2008 roku w Kościele w Polsce. Liczba tych drugich w ostatnich latach systematycznie rośnie, a więc stajemy wobec wyzwania swoistej troski o to powołanie. Jedną z dróg szukania inspiracji jest przypatrywanie się świętym i błogosławionym. Nie mam wątpliwości, że jednym z nich może być postać bł. ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki

    Management of Waste Wood in the Energy and Fertilizer Industries. Case Study of Poland

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    The energy transition requires the provision of stable energy production, which can be ensured by the production of energy from waste biomass. Physicochemical analysis was carried out and the heat of combustion was determined for 11 different tree species. The moisture content of the biomass was within wide limits: from 9.41% for elderberry to 43.92% for sweet cherries. In turn, the ash content ranged from 0.77% for pine to 3.58% for elderberry. The lowest heat of combustion was found for oak biomass: 18.82 MJ/kg, and the highest for pine: 21.23 MJ/kg. A fertilizer called phytoash obtained from biomass combustion contains large amounts of fertilizing calcium and magnesium and has an alkaline reaction. Phytoash can be used as fertilizer in the fertilizer industry on acidic soils in Poland. The largest amounts of calcium and magnesium for fertilizer purposes can be used in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (2,023 Mg/year and 2.86 Mg/year), the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship (1,625 Mg/year and 2.30 Mg/ year), and the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship (1,612 Mg/year and 2.29 Mg/year) and Lubuskie Voivodeship (1,609 Mg/year and 2.28 Mg/year). Calculations indicate a fairly large energy potential from waste biomass, which allows its use in the energy mix or industry, e.g. food, in Poland. The calculated amount of electricity from waste biomass would cover Poland’s needs by 6% and heat by 20%.UMK

    Exploring the impacts of high‑speed rail on technology‑intensive manufacturing: the case of the Yangtze River Delta region, 2007–2016

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    High-speed rail (HSR) may influence economic activities that rely heavily on innovation by facilitating skilled labour, face-to-face interactions, and knowledge spillovers. This study explores how HSR development affects the spatial distribution of technology-intensive manufacturing (TIM) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. Using a panel dataset including 24 cities for the period 2007–2016 and employing the output of communications equipment, computers, and other electronic equipment (CCOE) as a proxy for TIM’s economic productivity at the city level, we apply the staggered differencein-differences (DID) and spatial Durbin model (SDM) to measure the impacts of HSR’s initial opening and connectivity on CCOE development and capture the spatial spillover effects of HSR connectivity. Our findings indicate that the initial opening of HSR and HSR connectivity are negatively associated with CCOE productivity in both DID and SDM. Additionally, the reduction of CCOE is more pronounced in cities with larger populations and higher levels of economy. Moreover, HSR has a more significant effect on CCOE than other manufacturing sectors. However, the spillover effects remain insignificant, indicating HSR’s limited impact on CCOE development in adjacent cities within the YRD.This work was supported by KU Leuven (C14/21/021) and Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO, G0B0223N) research grants, the Polish National Science Centre (NCN) through research project 2020/38/A/HS4/00312, as well as the China Scholarship Council (No. 202006270055)

    Does syntactic alignment predict cooperation? A corpus study of the prisoner’s dilemma

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    The cooperative nature of human communication is widely accepted as a fact at least since Grice. In this study, we investigate whether a form of linguistic cooperation – structural alignment – correlates with cooperative behaviour. Some evidence suggests that structural alignment is sensitive to extralinguistic factors such as power or status. The opposite relation remains largely unexplored, though some evidence points to such tendencies: lexical alignment can induce pro-social behaviour. It is therefore probable that similar relations hold between linguistic alignment and cooperative behaviour. This study investigates transcripts from Golden Balls, a TV show in which participants face a prisoner's dilemma scenario at the end of the game. Crucially, the contestants make their choice solely on the basis of prior interaction with other players. The results of our study suggest that participants are more likely to split when their magnitude of alignment is greater.Marek Placiński was financially supported by the Polish National Science Centre [grant agreement number UMO-2019/33/N/HS2/00541]. Michael Pleyer was supported by project No. 2021/43/P/HS2/02729 co-funded by the National Science Centre and the European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 945339

    Cities and More Effective Multi-level Governance

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    This article has been inspired by the vision presented in the report of the UN Secretary General Our Common Agenda (2021) and in the report of High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism entitled A Breakthrough for People and Planet. Effective and Inclusive Global Governance for Today and the Future (2023). Taking into account the growing role of cities in international relations, the research aim of this article is to answer a question: how to increase the effectiveness of multi-level governance? The author claims that more effective multi-level governance has to be more inclusive and cities should be formally included. The author also offers arguments in favor showing the growing role of cities in international relations, cooperation and solving global problems such as migration, climate change and pandemics like the recent one of Covid-19.Narodowe Centrum Nauki, grant nr 2021/41/B/HS5/0052

    Wiejskie organizacje pozarządowe 20 lat po rozszerzeniu Unii Europejskiej. Przegląd wybranych wskaźników odporności [w:] Polska wieś i polskie rolnictwo 20 lat w Unii Europejskiej, red. Paweł Chmieliński, Grzegorz Gorzelak, Warszawa 2024, s. 393 - 412

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    Przystąpienie Polski do Unii Europejskiej stało się jednym z ważniejszych impulsów przyczyniających się do rozwoju zorganizowanych form działalności obywateli, w tym takich, które są nakierowane na rozwój lub ochronę obszarów wiejskich i wsi, jej przyrody, krajobrazu, kultury, historii, społeczności, polityki czy ekonomii. W unijnej polityce społecznej i rozwoju regionalnego czy szeroko zakrojonej Wspólnej Polityce Rolnej istotną rolę odgrywają organizacje pozarządowe, które – niekiedy na wyrost – są traktowane jako emanacja społeczeństwa obywatelskiego, społeczności lokalnej czy po prostu głos mieszkańców wsi. Dzięki wsparciu polityk unijnych, krajowych, regionalnych i lokalnych wraz z wpisanymi w nie mechanizmami rozwoju, programami wsparcia i finansowymi transferami powiększyła się przestrzeń działania III sektora. Aktualnie na obszarach wiejskich jest zarejestrowanych ok. 25 tys. organizacji pozarządowych (Charycka i in. 2020). Lokalne stowarzyszenia, fundacje, koła gospodyń wiejskich, uczniowskie kluby sportowe, kluby seniora, ochotnicze straże pożarne czy grupy działania – niezależnie od swojej formy organizacyjnej – stanowią istotne elementy funkcjonowania wiejskich społeczności

    Open educational and scientific materials – ostatni otwarty zasób edukacyjny Bożeny Bednarek-Michalskiej

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    Artykuł wyjaśnia genezę powstania otwartego kursu e-learningowego, którego autorką była, zmarła 5 maja 2021 r., Bożena Bednarek-Michalska – wybitna bibliotekarka związana z Biblioteką Uniwersytecką w Toruniu. Tekst omawia zawartość kursu oraz mechanizmy mające na celu weryfikację wiedzy. Ponadto zawiera rekomendacje dotyczące projektowania efektywnych szkoleń e-learningowych, a zarazem sygnalizuje potrzebę specjalistycznej opieki nad tym otwartym zasobem edukacyjnym

    Salinity-driven changes in Salicornia cell wall nano-mechanics and lignin composition

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    Preprint artykułuWidespread increases in soil salinization significantly reduce agricultural lands. Nevertheless, salt-tolerant plants, such as Salicornia europaea L., can play a crucial role in the reclamation of these lands. We selected S. europaea for this study due to its potential to mitigate soil salinization and its numerous applications, such as intercropping in agriculture, biocompounds production and bioenergy. This work was designed to determine whether different salinities induce significant biophysical, anatomical, lignin and gene transcript changes in S. europaea. Through atomic force microscopy (AFM), we revealed that salinity stimulated an increase in cell wall elasticity (CWE) as an important physiological mechanism of adaptation known as cell’s turgor conservation effect. Direct values of the cell wall stiffness subjected to salinity were obtained, with Young’s modulus (E) ranging from low and high salinity 0.52 to 0.03 MPa. The softening of the cell wall properly correlated with an increase in cell size, plant cells under strong salinity 1000 mM NaCl, swelled 5.4 times. The best salinity range found for its optimum growth was 200–400 mM NaCl. At higher salinities, we identified increases in the lignified xylem, large calcium oxalate crystals, and in transcript amounts of SeSOS1 and SeNHX1, which has a significant negative correlation with cell wall stiffness ( 0.57 and 0.95, respectively). The high syringyl and guaiacyl ratio (S/G) in lignin for 0–400 mM NaCl may have influenced the rigidity and hydrophobicity of the cell walls. A positive S/G ratio and sugar yields are associated with higher bioethanol production, these values may also be useful for agriculture, biorefinery, biocompounds and plant-breeding applications. We conclude that salinity indeed influenced the cell wall traits of S. europaea. This halophyte is capable of markedly softening its cell wall as a way of adapting to the high level of salinity. Our presented insights and correlations not only provide a better understanding of cell wall remodelling but are also considered vital traits of adaptation strategies that this halophyte holds under salinity environment. These inputs can also be applied in future research aiming to produce biomass and biofuel or to improve the salinity tolerance during the cultivation of non-tolerant plants, crops and glycophytes, which is a significant challenge in agriculture, particularly in arid and coastal regions. The unique properties of the S. europaea cell walls could also inspire the development of materials with enhanced nanomechanical elasticity for resistance to osmotic stress.This research was funded by the National Science Center, project No. 2021/43/D/NZ8/01137. It also results from the Academic Exchange supported by Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej in agreement No. BPN/FRC/2021/1/00003. We also received funding support from the Slovak Scientific Grant Agency VEGA (1/0108/23)

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