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Materials for the retrofitting of rammed earth structural elements
No full textOvaj rad obrađuje materijale za sanaciju konstrukcija od nabijene zemlje. Zemlja je najstariji građevinski materijal te kao takav vrlo je rasprostranjen. Velik broj građevina izgrađen je upravo od nabijene zemlje. Zbog ljudske želje za razvojem i urbanizacijom, zemlja kao građevinski materijal pogurana je na samo začelje. Unatoč svemu, zemlja ponovno pronalazi svoju funkciju ponajviše u saniranju kuća od nabijene zemlje. U ovome radu obrađeni su materijali i tehnologije korištene za sanaciju konstrukcija od nabijene zemlje. Također opisan je provedeni eksperiment u okviru kojega je provedeno istraživanje mogućnosti sanacije velikih pukotina u konstrukcijama od nabijene zemlja koristeći lako dostupne građevinske materijale.This thesis describes materials for the rehabilitation of rammed earth structures. Rammed earth is one of the oldest building materials and is very widespread. A lot of buildings is made up of the rammed earth. Due to the human desire for development and urbanization, earth as a building material has been pushed to the very back. In spite of everything, earth is finding its function again, mostly in the reconstruction of rammed earth houses. In this thesis, the materials and technologies used for the rehabilitation of rammed earth structures are discussed. An experiment was also described in which research was carried out into the possibility of repairing large cracks in rammed earth structures using available construction materials
Spatial model of the barrel vault of the historical building
No full textU okviru diplomskog rada prikazan je povijesni građevni razvoj bačvastih svodova, njihova primjena i uloga u građevinama te način izvedbe. Provedena je klasifikacija ovih svodova obzirom na korištene materijale i rasponske mogućnosti, opisana je njihova uloga kao nosivih konstrukcijskih svođenih elemenata te su utvrđeni su najčešći oblici lukova i raspona svodova. Izrađen je proračunski MKE model u računalnom programu SAP2000, putem kojeg je provedena je parametarska analiza s 12 različitih oblikovnih mogućnosti bačvastog svoda. Rezultati su dani u obliku raspodjele naprezanja i deformacija, a zatim su uspoređeni i prikazani obzirom na odabrani bačvasti svod.As part of the master thesis, the historical construction development of barrel vaults, their use and role in buildings and the method of construction are presented. The classification of these vaults was carried out considering the materials used and span possibilities, their role as load-bearing structural vaulted elements was described, and the most common form of arches and spans of vaults have been determined. A calculation FEM model was created in the computer program SAP2000, through which a parametric analysis was carried out with 12 different design possibilities of the barrel vault. The results are given in the form of distribution of stresses and strains, and then they were compared and presented considering the chosen barrel vault
Bridge strengthening
No full textMostove je potrebno ojačati kako bi se održao projektirani uporabni vijek trajanja mosta koji
se prilikom uporabe mosta skraćuje uslijed povećanja opterećenja ili negativnih utjecaja okoliša.
U radu je dan pregled materijala i potencijalnih metoda ojačanja mostova te usporedba
standardnih i inovativnih metoda ojačanja. Prikazane su inovativne metode ojačanja vlaknima
armiranim polimerima - FRP materijalima i primjena ojačanja poliuretansko-cementnim kompozitom
– PUC-om. Dani su primjeri primjene ojačanja mostova u Hrvatskoj i svijetu.Bridges need to be strengthened in order to maintain their designed service life, which is shortened
when the bridge is in use due to increased loads or environmental stressors. The paper
provides an overview of materials and potential bridge strengthening methods, as well as a
comparison of standard and innovative strengthening methods. Innovative strengthening methods
with fibre reinforced polymers - FRP materials and the application of strengthening with
polyurethan-cement composite - PUC are presented. Examples of bridge strengthening application
in Croatia and worldwide are given
Baroque fortress in Osijek urban analysis
No full textZavršni rad čini pet cjelina. U prvome dijelu definiran je pojam prostornog plana te su navedene karakteristike baroka u hrvatskim gradovima. U drugom dijelu se opisuju značajke baroknog razdoblja u oblikovanju gradova u svijetu i kako se razvijala barokna arhitektura u Hrvatskoj. Treći dio odnosi se na povijesni razvoj grada Osijeka od njegovog nastanka pa sve do izgradnje Tvrđe kakva je danas poznata. U četvrtoj cjelini provodi se prostorna analiza blokova koji okružuju Trg sv. Trojstva. Analizirani su podaci o ukupnoj površini, opsegu, izgrađenoj i neizgrađenoj površini blokova. U posljednjoj cjelini donesen je zaključak o potencijalu prostora unutrašnjosti blokova u Tvrđi.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Agricultural Biomass Ash Usage for Earthworks in Road Construction
No full textAgricultural biomass has great bioenergy potential due to its availability, and it is a carbon-free energy source. During biomass incineration, biomass ash is formed, which is still considered as a waste without proper disposal and management solutions. Various biomass ash utilization options were investigated, mainly concerning engineering issues (the mechanical characterization of newly produced building materials or products), and there is a lack of knowledge of environmental issues arising from this “waste” material utilization in civil engineering practice. The main aim of this research is discussion of a different agricultural biomass characteristics as a fuel, the impact of agricultural biomass ashes (ABA) on the mechanical properties of stabilized soil with a particular emphasis on the environmental impacts within this kind of waste management. The results of this study indicate improved geotechnical characteristics of low- plasticity clay stabilized by lime/ABA binder. In addition to mechanical characterization for materials embedded in road embankments and subgrades, appropriate environmental risk assessment needs to be performed, and the results of this study indicate that the amount of ABAs added to the soil for roadworks should not have adverse effects on the soil fauna in the surrounding environment
A Field Experiment Verification of Theoretical Exponent N1 for FAVAD Method in Defining the Relationship of Pressure and Water Losses
No full textThe current problem of managing water losses in water supply systems relies on engineering predictions of expected outcomes based on pressure manipulations using hydraulic models or other computational methods. The objective of this experiment was to conduct a field test to validate the theoretical N1 exponent of the fixed and variable area discharges (FAVAD) method. By knowing the pipe material and measuring the pressure and minimum night flow (MNF), the N1 exponent can be defined and compared to recommendations in the literature. Field measurements and experiments were performed in a small settlement in Croatia consisting of 278 house connections and 7.4 km of PVC material pipe network. Pressure manipulation was performed on a pressure-reducing valve (PRV). The resulting value of N1 = 1.76 from the experiment agrees with the literature graphs, which indicate a value of N1 between 1.5 and 2.0. Considering the difference between the studied values and the theoretically calculated MNF of 4%, it can be concluded that the implementation of the presented methodology to determine the N1 exponent can be used in practice. This type of field testing is important because such tests are difficult to perform due to the extensive pressure manipulations during the tests, which can affect the consumers and cause disturbances in the water distribution
Hydrological Drought Assessment in a Small Lowland Catchment in Croatia
No full textHydrological drought is critical from both water management and ecological perspectives. Depending on its hydrological and physical features, the resilience level of a catchment to groundwater drought can differ from that of meteorological drought. This study presents a comparison of hydrological and meteorological drought indices based on groundwater levels from 1987 to 2018. A small catchment area in Croatia, consisting of two sub-catchments with a continental climate and minimum land-use changes during the observed period, was studied. The first analysis was made on a comparison of standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The results showed their very high correlation. The correlation between the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized groundwater index (SGI) of different time scales (1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 months) showed different values, but had the highest value in the longest time scale, 48 months, for all observation wells. Nevertheless, the behavior of the SPI and groundwater levels (GW) correlation showed results more related to physical catchment characteristics. The results showed that groundwater drought indices, such as SGI, should be applied judiciously because of their sensitivity to geographical, geomorphological, and topographical catchment characteristics, even in small catchment areas
PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF ROAD A-B
No full textNa temelju zadanih podataka definiranih zadatkom i važećih tehničkih propisa za projekiranje cesta, izrađen je idejni projekt ceste između zadanih točaka A (230,30 m.n.m.) i B (205,00 m.n.m.). Cesta je lokalnog značaja, 4. kategorije i namijenjena je mješovitom prometu. Teren kojim cesta prolazi je brdoviti, a materijal je kameni. Projektna brzina iznosi 50 km/h. Ukupna duljina ceste iznosi 1443,76 km. Trasa ceste se sastoji od četiri pravca i tri zavoja (R1 = 90 m, R2 = 110 m i R3 = 130 m), a na njoj je postavljena 51 stacionaža. Niveleta je na čitavoj trasi projektirana s konstantnim uzdužnim nagibom od 1,752%. Poprečni nagib ceste u pravcu iznosi q = 2,5%, u prvom zavoju q = 4,35%, u drugom zavoju q = 3,95%, a u trećem zavoju q = 3,5%. Iz tehničkih propisa za projektiranje cesta, na temelju podataka iz zadatka, očitana je širina prometnog traka od 2,75 m, širina rubnog traka od 0,20 m, te širina bankine od 1 m. Odvodnja vode u usjeku osigurana je rigolom, a u nasipima je projektiran zaštitni jarak. Kolnička konstrukcija je izvedena od habajućeg sloja asfaltbetona “AC8 surf” (3 cm), nosivog sloja asfaltbetona “AC16 base” (5 cm), te od nevezanog nosivog sloja šljunka (30 cm). Cijevni betonski propusti postavljeni su u stacionažama km 0+205,129, km 0+647,654 i km 1+086,198. Kako bi se smanjila duljina nasipa, a samim time i troškovi građenja, na pojedinim stacionažama su postavljeni i potporni zidovi
Field and Laboratory Assessment of Different Concrete Paving Materials Thermal Behavior
No full textImpervious pavement surfaces within urban areas present serious environmental problems
due to waterlogging, flooding and in particular, the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. Another
issue that has recently been highlighted is user comfort in pedestrian and cycling areas. Materials
that have potential for overcoming these issues include pervious concrete (PC), a new type of
construction material with improved drainage properties and thermal properties. In this study, the
thermal properties and behavior of commonly used concrete paving materials in urban areas (dense
concrete (DC) and concrete pavers (P)) and pervious concrete (PC) paving flags were investigated
and compared in terms of their thermal properties. Material behavior under different temperature
conditions was investigated within laboratory research measuring thermal conductivity (λ) and
the capacity for heating and cooling using infrared lamp. Complementary to laboratory tests, field
research was conducted analyzing the surrounding conditions on pavement wearing course behavior
under real weather conditions. Dense concrete paving material had the highest thermal conductivity
coefficient and heat absorption capacity, and slowest heating and cooling speed, compared with
the other paving materials. The results also highlighted the similar thermal properties of PC and P
but with potentially improved user comfort for PC due to its draining properties. The base layer
and surrounding characteristics had a significant influence on the thermal behavior of pavements,
and future research should consider these parameters when addressing the UHI effect for different
paving materials
Architecture and urban design of Gacka business zone
No full textZadatak za završini rad urbanističo - arhitektonskog
studija je projektirati arhitektonsko urbantstičko rješenje
poslovne zone Gacka. Rješenje uključuje urbanistički,
arhitektonski, konstrukcijski i instalacijski dio projekta.
Urbanistički projekt se sastoji od tri poslovne zgrade,
hotela te tržnice, imeđu kojih se prodiru klinovi
zelenila.Detaljno je projektirana jedna poslovna zgrada
čiji koncept i oblikovanje proizlazi iz urbanizma.The task for the final work of the urban - architectural
study is to design the architectural urban solution of
the business zone Gacka. The solution includes the
urban, architectural, construction and installation part of
the project. The urban proiect consists of three
business buildings, a hotel and a market and green
wedges between them. One business building is
elaborated and her concept and design occurred from
urbanism