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Sustainable Design and Maintenance of Buildings
No full textThe world's population is increasing, hence the growing demand for accommodation and the construction of buildings. Therefore, the amount of wastewater is increasing. Natural areas (lawns, arable land, forests, etc.) are being used for building buildings. In this manner, natural surfaces become impermeable, which leads to natural unbalance. As a result, we are witnessing formation of heat islands, an increase in temperature and rainfall runoff into the sewerage system as well as uprising consequences of climate change generally. The construction industry is one of the biggest polluters in the world, but by using sustainable construction it is possible to reduce its negative impact on the environment. The principles of sustainable construction should be applied to all phases of the life cycle of a building: design, construction, maintenance, and removal of the building. In the construction design phase, it is possible to modify the building with a slight increase in cost, which will lower future maintenance costs. It is essential to use materials thoughtfully through construction since people spend a large part of their time indoors. Environmental impact assessment is the basis of sustainable design, construction, use, and disposal of the building. Of course, various social issues involve the health and well-being of building users. We must not forget the economic aspects and total costs of the building. This is where the concept of green construction comes into play. Green building refers to both the structure and the application of environmentally responsible and resource-efficient processes throughout the building's life cycle. Green building also refers to saving resources to the maximum extent, including energy, land, water and material saving, etc., during the whole life cycle of the building, protecting the environment and reducing pollution, providing people with healthy, comfortable and efficient use of space, and being in harmony with nature
A sustainable model of professional practice at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Osijek (PRAG)
No full textProjekt Održivi model stručne prakse na Građevinskom i arhitektonskom fakultetu Osijek (akronim PRAG) jedan je od projekata koji se na hrvatskim sveučilištima provode u sklopu Operativnog programa Učinkoviti ljudski potencijali 2014. – 2020., unutar prioritetne osi Obrazovanje i cjeloživotno učenje Europskoga socijalnog fonda (ESF
Residential building stock in Serbia: classification and vulnerability for seismic risk studies
No full textRegional seismic risk assessment is necessary for designing effective seismic risk mitigation measures. In general, such risk assessment studies consist of three components: hazard, vulnerability, and exposure modelling. This paper lays the foundations for regional seismic risk assessment of the residential building stock in Serbia and addresses each of the three seismic risk assessment components, either by reviewing the existing or proposing novel models. First, a review of seismic hazard models and seismic design codes used in Serbia in the past 70 years was presented. Next, an overview of Serbia’s population metrics and historical development of Serbian’s residential building stock was presented to provide the context for the exposure model. Furthermore, the paper proposed a novel building classification for Serbia's residential building stock, which is based on the existing building taxonomies, but it has been adapted to account for the local building characteristics. Building damage patterns reported in past earthquakes in Serbia and neighbouring countries were reviewed as a basis for damage classification pertaining to building typologies included in the proposed classification. Finally, the results of a preliminary vulnerability model were presented in the form of expert-based fragility functions derived for buildings typical of Serbia's residential building stock
Corridor Planning - Sustainable Planning?
No full textClimate change and accelerated development that threaten the survival of humankind require an urgent review of planning approaches to achieve sustainable development, including transport systems, since the quantity of motorized traffic and GHG emissions is increasing yearly. Urban planning of post-industrial cities, the digital age, climate change - all this requires that urban planning is not only the planning of settlements where residents will meet their functional needs, but also for cities to be leaders in the fight against climate change. The question arises as to which planning approach is the most suitable for planning sustainable cities in the 21st century. After a literature review and research of the authors, urban corridor planning is suggested as one of the possible planning strategies. When planning new or revitalizing existing intra-city corridors within urban areas, to take into account their spatial, environmental, social and economic sustainability is necessary. After an analysis, indicators of urban corridor planning were extracted, and the article highlights the advantages and priorities. The contribution of the article is in determining the ten basic principles of urban corridor planning. It is concluded that implementation of urban corridor planning principles in the planning of intra-city corridors achieves the result of urban sustainability
Planned and achived work for productivity of earthworks machinery
No full textU završnom radu ima osam poglavlja, a govore o strojevima koji se koriste za izvođenje zemljanih radova i uklanjanje postojećih konstrukcija. Računa se njihov učinak i određuje zašto je došlo do manjeg učinak i njihovih zastoja.
Strojevi su konstruirani kako bi se radnicima olakšalo izvođenje radova na gradilištu, a samim time i povećanje količine radova koji se izvode u odnosu na količine koje radnici mogu izvesti.
Prvi dio rada je općenito o zemljanim radovima, njihovim podjelama i strojevima koji se koriste za izvođenje njihovih radova. Nako toga pojašnjeni su učinci strojeva koji su nabrojani, načinu njihovg određivanja i koeficijentima koji utječu na njihove učinke.
U drugom dijelu izvodi se proračun učinka na gradilištu praćenih strojeva i dobiveni rezultat uspoređuje sa stvarnim učinkom. Praćen je bager pri iskopu nogostupa u trajanju od 8 dana i kombinirka pri iskopu grobnica u trajanju od 8 dana
Architecture and Urban Design of Retfala South Business Zone
No full textTema završnog rada je urbanističko i arhitektonsko rješenje poslovne zone Retfala - jug koja se nalazi u
jugozapadnom dijelu grada Osijeka. Urbanističkim se rješenjem odredio položaj devet zgrada poslovne namjene, koje
su okružene botaničkim vrtom, a između njih se nalazi uzdignuta šetnica na razini prvog kata, koja se proteže van
obuhvata u cilju rješavanja infrastrukturnih problema u gradu. Arhitektonsko rješenje bavi se projektom jedne od
poslovnih zgrada, definirane tipologijom hibrida, na sjeveru obuhvata. Koncept arhitektonskog rješenja nastavlja se na
prvotno postavljene ciljeve urbanističkog rješenja, naglasak na pojedincu, humanom mjerilu, kretanju pješaka i
vizurama koje su mu pružene postavom botaničkog vrta. Urbanističke postavke povezuju se i nadopunjuju s
konceptom hibridnosti. Istraživanjem pojma hibrid u višestrukim disciplinama, te njihovim međusobnim
povezivanjem, nastaje hibridna zgrada, kao spoj lamele i tornja, fluidnih tlocrtnih osnova kako bi se ostvario prostor za
botanički vrt, te povezivanje etaža raznim komunikacijama, stubištem, liftovima, panoramski liftom te hibridnom
komunikacijom toboganom. Dodavanjem komunikacije na osnovnu konstrukciju zgrade ona postaje opskrbljena za
život, te umetanjem raznih sadržaja zgrada hibrida postaje živi organizam 24/7. Zgrada je spremna prihvatiti planirane
i neplanirane aktivnosti, ponuditi mnoštvo sadržaja, od izložbenih prostora, tržnice, kafića, kantine, uredskih prostora
za najam i slično, te je povezana s urbanističkom šetnicom koja prolazi kroz nju i oduzima joj jednu etažu. Zgrada
pruža sadržaje za zajednicu i za zaposlenike tvrtke, ali istovremeno stvara prostore za pojedinca, u hibridnim
prostorijama, projektiranim na osnovi istraživanja psihološkog utjecaja rada, emocija i boja, svojevrsno utočište za
čovjeka i bijeg od stvarnosti. Tekstilna ovojnica na fasadi zgrade smanjuje vibrantnost i vividnost zgrade koja u
potpunosti ispunjava koncept hibrida.The topic of the final thesis is the urban and architectural design of the Retfala South Business Zone, located in the
southwest part of the city of Osijek. The urban design determines the position of nine commercial buildings,
surrounded by a botanical garden, with an elevated walkway on the first-floor level between them, extending beyond
the scope to address the city's infrastructure issues. The architectural design focuses on one of the commercial
buildings, defined by the hybrid typology, in the northern area of the site. The architectural concept continues the
initial goals of the urban design, emphasizing the individual, human scale, pedestrian movement, and vistas provided
by the botanical garden. The urban design principles are connected and complemented by the concept of hybridity.
Through the exploration of the hybrid concept in various disciplines and their interconnections, a hybrid building
emerges as a combination of a slab and a tower, with fluid floor plans to accommodate the botanical garden and
interconnected floors through various means of communication, such as staircases, elevators, a panoramic lift, and a
hybrid communication slide. By adding communication elements to the basic structure of the building, it becomes
equipped for life, and by incorporating various functions, the hybrid building becomes a living organism 24/7. The
building is ready to accommodate planned and unplanned activities, offering a variety of amenities such as exhibition
spaces, a marketplace, cafes, a cafeteria, rental office spaces, and more. It is connected to the urban promenade that
passes through it, reducing its floor area. The building provides facilities for the community and company employees
while also creating spaces for individuals within hybrid rooms designed based on research on the psychological
impact of work, emotions, and colors—a sort of sanctuary and escape from reality. The textile membrane on the
building facade reduces its vibrancy, while fully embodying the concept of hybridity
Architecture and Urban Design of Retfala South Business Zone
No full textTema završnog rada je urbanističko i arhitektonsko rješenje poslovne zone Retfala - jug koja se nalazi na zapadnom dijelu
grada Osijeka. Urbanističkim rješenjem odredio se položaj zgrada poslovne namjene. Također, urbanizmom se definira
položaj markica devet poslovnih zgrada koje će se nalaziti na jednoj parceli, a čije će podzemne garaže/etaže biti u
obuhvatu njihovih parcela. Na parteru zgrade imaju mogućnost povezivanja na javnu šetnicu na razini prve etaže.
Arhitektonsko rješenje bavi se projektom jedne od poslovnih zgrada. Koncept arhitektonskog rješenje nastavlja se na
prvotno postavljene ciljeve urbanističkog rješenja. Pružanje korisnicima razne medije korištenja partera urbanizma,
prohodnost, vrlo jasna podjela namjena, protezanje botaničkog vrta, stvaranje pročelja različitih karaktera (dihotomija)
samo su neki od ciljeva. Poslovna zona Retfala - jug nalazi se uz sami zapadni ulaz u grad Osijek i Svilajsku ulicu, a ti pravci
predstavljaju dvije važne prometne osi prilikom ulaska u grad Osijek sa zapadne strane. Poslovna zgrada koja je predmet
arhitektonskog rješenja smještena je na jugozapadnom dijelu obuhvata druga po redu. I kao takva može stvarati vrlo
važno pročelje i cijelog obuhvata pa se prema tome koncept razvio na dihotomiji odnosno (0 i 1).
Rješenje zgrade počiva da dihotomiji pročelja, prostora i sl. upravo zbog naglašenosti kontrasta prometnice kao ulaza u
grad i botaničkog vrta koncept stvara dva različita pročelja jedno koje se ograđuje od prometa dok drugo koje se otvara
prema vrijednostima postavljenog urbanizma. Pri projektiranju pažnja se posvetila i sadržajima koji će biti važni za daljnji
razvoj tvrtke. Osigurana jasna podjela namjena u unutrašnjosti zgrade kako bi krajnji korisnik mogao intuitivno koristiti
prostor.The topic of the final paper is the urban and architecutural solution of the business zone Retfala - south, which is located
in the western part of the city of Osijek. The location of business buildings was determined by the urban plan. Also, urban
planning defines the position of the stamps of nine office buildings that will be located on one plot, and whose
underground garages/floors will be included in their plots. On the ground floor of the building, they have the possibility
of connecting to the public promenade on the level of the first floor. The architectural solution deals with the project of
one of the office buildings. The concept of the architectural solution continues with the originally set goals of the urban
solution. Providing users with various means of using parterre urbanism, walkability, a very clear division of purposes,
extending the botanical garden, creating facades with different characters (dichotomy) are just some of the goals. The
business zone Retfala - south is located right next to the western entrance to the city of Osijek and Svilajska Street, and
these directions represent two important traffic axes when entering the city of Osijek from the western side. The office
building that is the subject of the architectural design is located in the southwestern part of the second in line. And as
such, it can create a very important facade and the entire scope, so the concept has developed on a dichotomy, that is (0
i 1).
The solution of the building rests on the dichotomy of the facade, space, etc. precisely because of the emphasis on the
contrast between the road as the entrance to the city and the botanical garden, the concept creates two different
facades, one that is fenced off from traffic and the other that opens up according to the values of the urban
planning.During the design, attention was also paid to the contents that will be important for the further development of
the company. A clear division of purposes in the interior of the building is ensured so that the end user can intuitively
use the space
Architecture and Urban Design of Gacka Business Zone
No full textTema završnog rada je urbanističko i arhitektonsko rješenje poslovne zone Gacka koja se nalazi u južnom dijelu Osijeka. Urbanističkim rješenjem odredio se položaj poslovne, javne i turističke namjene. Također, urbanizmom se definirao položaj markica poslovnih zgrada koje će se nalaziti na zajedničkoj parceli, a čije će podzemne etaže biti povezane jednom zajedničkom etažom. Arhitektonsko rješenje bavi se projektom jedne od poslovnih zgrada. Koncept arhitektonskog rješenja nastavlja se na prvotno postavljene ciljeve urbanističkog rješenja. Neki od ciljeva urbanističkog rješenja su povećanje zelenila, stvaranje novog pročelja grada, stvaranje vizure, naglašavanje dvorane Gradski vrt, te stvaranje prostora koji bi mogao biti korišten cijelodnevno. Poslovna zgrada Gacka nalazi se na u južnom dijelu grada Osijeka, uz ulicu Kneza Trpimira koja je važna prometna os grada. Poslovna zgrada koja je predmet arhitektonskog rješenja nalazi se na sjevernom dijelu obuhvata. Poslovne zgrade postavljene su uz glavnu "ulicu" na parceli, kojom se prihvaća priljev prolaznika od Gacke ulice do ulice Kneza Trpimira, odnosno do dvorane Gradski vrt, koja se ovim rješenjem željela naglasiti. Ta ulica vraćena je gradu kako bi ju svi stanovnici mogli neometano koristiti.
Rješenje zgrade počiva na ciljevima povećanja kvalitete života i rada zaposlenika, uvođenje zelenila u zgradu, te stvaranja osjećaja zajednice među zaposlenicima.The topic of the final paper is the urban and architectural solution of the business zone Gacka, located in the southern part of Osijek. The urban solution determined the position of business, public, and tourist purposes. Also, urban planning has determined the position of the stamps of office buildings that will be located on a shared plot and whose underground garage will be connected by one shared floor. The architectural solution deals with the project of one of the office buildings. The concept of the architectural solution continues the initially set goals of the urban solution. Some of the objectives of the urban solution were to increase the greenery, create a new facade of the city, create a view, emphasize the City Garden hall, and create a space that could be used all day. The Gacka office building is located in the southern part of Osijek, along Kneza Trpimira Street, a vital traffic axis of the city. The office building that is the subject of the architectural solution is located in the northern part of the scope. Business buildings are located along the main "street" on the plot, which accepts the influx of passers-by from Gacka Street to Kneza Trpimira Street, or to the Gradski vrt hall, which we wanted to emphasize with this solution. That street was returned to the city so all residents could use it unhindered.
The solution of the building is based on the goals of increasing the quality of life and work of employees, introducing greenery into the building, and creating a sense of community among employees
Architecture and Urban Design of Retfala South Business Zone
No full textProjektirani koncept zgrade zasniva se na izbočenim kubusima koji se nalaze izvan osnovnih dimenzija zgrade u svrhu isticanja onih prostora koji nude drukčiji sadržaj od onih unutarnjih - uredskih. To uvlačenje društvenih i drugih sadržaja nastaje već u parteru, gdje se rampom spaja trg sa samom zgradom i na taj način inicira ljude na socijalizaciju i istraživanje same zgrade. Tako se svakom odjelu i katu, spiralno od prizemlja do krova, dodaju upravo ti različiti sadržaji koji imaju ulogu malih žarišta druženja i okupljanja. Kubusi su također obavijeni zelenilom izvana te tako dodatno obogaćuju izgled i sadržaj zgrade. Prvi kat također ima ulogu prizemlja s obzirom da se u njemu nalazi multifunkcionalni izložbeni dio, povezan rampom s parterom, pa su tako prizemlja i kubusi izjednačeni i ostakljeni, a ostatak je prekriven pomičnim panelima.The designed concept of the building is based on protruding cubes located outside the basic dimensions of the structure in order to highlight spaces that offer different content from the internal ones - offices. This extension of social and other amenities begins on the ground floor, where a ramp connects the square with the building it self, there by encouraging people to socialize and explore the building. As a result, various amenities are added to each department and floor, spiraling from the ground floor to the roof, serving as small focal points for socializing and gathering. The cubes are also surrounded by greenery on the outside, further enriching the appearance and content of the building. The first flooralso functions as a ground floor since it houses a multifunctional exhibition area connected to the ground floor via a ramp. Therefore, the ground floors and cubes are equalized and glazed, while the rest is covered with movable panels
The choice of technology and the preparation of the corresponding time plan for the building demolition
No full textOvim radom obuhvaćen je izbor tehnologije uklanjanja i izrada pripadajućeg vremenskog plana. Prvi dio rada osvrće se na uklanjanje objekata kroz povijest, načine na koji su se objekti uklanjali te su obuhvaćene potrebe uklanjanja građevina u Republici Hrvatskoj. U RH potrebe za uklanjanjem nastale su kao posljedica Domovinskog rata, dotrajalosti zbog utjecaja atmosferilija na objekte te zbog nedavnih potresa. Opisane su podjele tehnologije uklanjanja građevina te utjecaji uklanjanja građevine na okoliš. U drugom dijelu rada izrađena je studija slučaja kojom se analizira i proučava izbor tehnologije i izrada pripadajućeg vremenskog plana uklanjanja građevine. Studija slučaja obuhvaća uklanjanje obiteljske kuće koja je stradala u potresu 2020. godine, zbog njezine nestabilnosti i opasnosti za okolinu. Opisani su pripremni radovi, napravljen uži izbor tehnologije rušenja, detaljno opisan izbor strojeva, određivanje učinka svih odabranih strojeva i odabir minimalnog planskog učinka Up, organizacija gradilišta, izrada karte procesa, izrada vremenskoga plana uklanjanja građevine te plana deponiranja i trajnog zbrinjavanja otpada. Zaključak opisuje odabir tehnologije, odabir strojeva i rezultate dobivene proračunom.This work covers the choice of building demolition technology and the creation of the corresponding time plan. The first part looks at the demolition of buildings throughout history, the ways in which the buildings were demolished, and the needs for the demolition of buildings in the Republic of Croatia. The need for demolition arose as a result of the Homeland War, dilapidation due to the effects of atmospheric conditions on the buildings, and due to the recent earthquakes. The divisions of building demolition technology and the impact of building demolition on the environment are described. In the second part of the work, a case study was created, which analyzes and studies the choice of technology and the creation of the corresponding time plan for the demolition of the building. The case study involves the demolition of a family house that was damaged in the 2020. earthquake, due to its instability and environmental hazards. Preparatory works are described, a short selection of demolition technology is made, the choice of machines is described in detail, the determination of the effect of all selected machines and the selection of the minimum planned effect Up; the organization of the construction site, the creation of a process map, the creation of a time plan for the demolition of the building, and a plan for depositing and permanent disposal of waste. The conclusion describes the choice of technology, the choice of machines, and the results obtained from the calculation