Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek
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Overview of the landfill elements
No full textGospodarenje otpadom djelatnost je s kojom se čovjek susreće još od davnih povijesnih vremena. U današnjem vremenu, cilj je poticanje gospodarstva koje bi funkcioniralo kružno i u kojemu bi se zadržala korisnost materijala i resursa. Kružno gospodarenje podrazumijeva nastajanje sirovine neke industrije iz otpada iste ili neke druge industrije. Da bi ovakav ciklus bio moguć, postoji niz zahtjeva i tehnologija koje se moraju izvesti. Odlaganje otpada podrazumijeva proces raspadanja organskih tvari koje ispuštaju deponijski plin i u kontaktu s vodom stvara procjedne vode za koje se izvodi poseban sustav drenaže kako bi okoliš i dalje ostao ekološki sačuvan. Odlagalište se sastoji od dijelova pokrovnog zemljanog sloja, zaštitnog glinenog sloja, drenažnog sloja za oborinsku vodu, sloja za otplinjavanje, sloja otpada i temeljnog zaštitnog sloja koji se sastoji od geomembrane i sloja za kontrolu procjeđivanja. Važno je držati se plana ustroja odlagališta otpada poštivajući zahtjeve o prilaznim cestama i pristupu na samo odlagalište. Kod projektiranja drenažnog sustava bitni su podaci o procjednim vodama (količina protoka i hidrološke značajke) te projektne jednadžbe iz kojih uz pretpostavku brzine protoka vode kroz cijevi dobivamo veličinu (promjer) i razmak odgovarajućih sabirnih i glavnih odvodnih cijevi. Dimenzioniranje drenažnog sustava jedan je od glavnih projekata koji pomaže u sprječavanju od dugoročnog onečišćenja okoliša.Waste management is an activity that people have been dealing with since ancient times. In today's time, the goal is to stimulate an economy that would function circularly and in which the usefulness of materials and resources would be maintained. Circular management implies the creation of raw materials of an industry from the waste of the same or another industry. In order for such a cycle to be possible, there are a number of requirements and technologies that must be implemented. Waste disposal involves the process of decomposition of organic substances that emit landfill gas and, in contact with water, creates leachate for which a special drainage system is built so that the environment remains ecologically preserved. The landfill consists of parts of a cover soil layer, a protective clay layer, a stormwater drainage layer, a degassing layer, a waste layer, and an underlying protective layer consisting of a geomembrane and a seepage control layer. It is important to adhere to the layout of the landfill, respecting the requirements regarding access roads and access to the landfill itself. When designing a drainage system, data on seepage water (amount of flow and hydrological features) and design equations are important, from which, assuming the speed of water flow through the pipes, we get the size (diameter) and distance of the corresponding collection and main drainage pipes. Dimensioning the drainage system is one of the main projects that helps prevent long-term environmental pollution
Technology of external walls insulation with mineral wool
No full textU završnom radu je dan kratki prikaz postupka energetskog certificiranja i energetske obnove postojećih građevina. Detaljno su opisane zgrade gotovo nulte energije i materijali koji se koriste u izvedbi takvih zgrada. Također su navedeni i opisani termotehnički sustavi koji se koriste u tim zgradama kao i potrebna i isporučena energija koja se koristi za zagrijavanje i hlađenje. Opisani su materijali koji se koriste za toplinsku izolaciju vanjskih zidova, a posebna pažanja posvećena je mineralnoj vuni i njenim svojstvima. Opisana je tehnologija izvođenja i redoslijed radnji kod izvođenja toplinske izolacije vanjskih zidova mineralnom vunom.A short display of energy certicication process and energetic renewal of existing buildings is shown in this final paper. Nearly zero energy buildings and matherials used in bulidng of those buildings is described. Moreover, thermotehnical systems are specified and described as well as needed and delivered energy for heatinh and cooling. Matherilas used in thermal insulation of external walls are described, with special attention on mineral wool and its proporties. Technology of performing and order of actions in performing of thermal insulation of external walls with mineral wool is described
Calculation of the bearing timber structure of a sports hall
No full textZadatak diplomskog rada je proračun glavnih i sekundarnih drvenih nosača te sustava prostorne stabilizacije sportske dvorane. Objekt je smješten u Osijeku. Sportska dvorana je namjenjena za dva terena za veliki tenis. Tlocrtne dimenzije dvorane su 37,00x35,00 m, visina strehe iznosi 4,00 m, a visina sljemena 10,40 m. Statički sustav glavnog nosača je lučni troglobni okvir. Materijal za izradu glavnog nosača je lijepljeno lamelirano drvo razreda čvrstoće GL28h. Sekundarni nosači se oslanjaju na glavne nosače koji su na međusobnom razmaku od 5,00 m. Materijal za izradu sekundarnih nosača je puno drvo razreda čvrstoće C24. Prostorna stabilizacija izvedena je kao sustav dijagonala kružnog poprečnog presjeka kvalitete čelika S275. Proračun djelovanja na konstrukciju te dimenzioniranje glavnih, sekundarnih nosača i sustava stabilizacije objekta provedeni su prema trenutno važećim HRN EN normama i propisima. Statička analiza sekundarnih nosača provedena je analitičkim metodama, dok je statička analiza za glavne nosače i sustav stabilizacije provedena u računalnom programu Radimpex Tower. Grafički prilozi su izrađeni pomoću programa Autodesk AutoCAD 2018.This thesis focuses on calculation of main and secondary girdersand the system of spatial stabilization of sports hall. The object is located in Osijek. Sports hall is intended for two tennis courts. Floor dimensions are 37,00x35,00 m, height of the eave is 4,00 m and height of the roof is 10,40 m. Static system of the main girder is arched three-hinged frame. Material for making the main girder is glued laminated wood that is GL28h class of strength. Secondary girders are leaning on the main girders which are spaced 5,00 m apart from each other. Material for making the secondary girders is solid wood of strength class C24. Spatial stabilization is derived as a diagonal system of circular cross section S275 steel grade. The calculation of
loads on structure and design of the main and secondary girders and systems of stabilization of the object are conducted by the current HRN EN norms and regulations. Static analysis of the secondary girders is conducted by analytical methods, while static analysis for the main girders and stabilization system is conducted by a computer program Radimpex Tower. Graphical annexes are made with Autodesk AutoCAD 2018
Contractual relations between participants in construction project
No full textRad daje uvid u osnovne vrste ugovora sa stajališta hrvatske građevinske prakse, s naglaskom na ugovore u odnosu na izbor ključnih odnosa u projektu i njihovu organizacijsku strukturu. Opisani su ugovorni odnosi među sudionicima u građevinskom projektu. Detaljno je opisan pristup upravljanja postupcima ugovaranja kroz perspektive i stavove ugovaranja, te najčešće probleme koji se pojavljuju tijekom procesa ugovaranja. Naveden je primjer i primjena normativnih ugovora u građevinskoj praksi, njihova struktura, te odabir takve vrste ugovora s obzirom na složenost projekta.The paper provides an insight into the basic types of contracts from the point of view of Croatian construction practice, with an emphasis on contracts in relation to the choice of key relationships in the project and their organizational structure. The contractual relations between the participants in the construction project are described. The approach to managing contracting procedures is described in detail through the perspectives and attitudes of contracting, and the most common problems that arise during the contracting process. An example and application of normative contracts in construction practice, their structure, and the selection of this type of contract with regard to the complexity of the project are given
Construction of a new railway section
No full textU Republici Hrvatskoj nakon godina neulaganja u izgradnju novih kilometara željezničkih pruga, nadu u jedan od najkvalitetnijih vrsta prijevoza vratila je izgradnja nove dionice Gradec – Sveti Ivan Žabno. Spomenuta dionica povezuje bjelovarsku regiju i Grad Zagreb te skraćuje vrijeme putovanja na oko 50 minuta. Kako bi se postigla projektirana brzina od 120 km/h potrebno je bilo cijelom dužinom pruge od 12.2 km koristiti se najkvalitetnijim materijalima i strojevima. Nova željeznička pruga započinje od rekonstruiranog kolodvora Gradec do novoizgrađenog kolodvora Sveti Ivan Žabno. U radu je obrađena izvedba donjeg i gornjeg ustroja s detaljnom obradom tucanika, cjelokupne kolosiječne rešetke i skretnica. Za siguran prijelaz sa poljskih puteva preko pruge izvedena su dva željezničko – cestovna prijelaza. Duž dionice izgrađena su dva podvožnjaka, tri nadvožnjaka i tri stajališta. Na kraju rada opisani su signalno - sigurnosni uređaji.In the Republic of Croatia, after years of not investing in the construction of new railways, the building of the new section Gradec – Sveti Ivan Žabno restored hope in one of the highest quality forms of transportation. The mentioned section conects the Bjelovar region and the city of Zagreb, in turn shortening the travel time to about 50 minutes. In order to achieve the designed speed of 120 km/ph, it was necessary to use the highest quality materials and machines along the entire lenght od 12.2 km railway. The new railway line begins from the reconstructed station Gradec, to the newly built station Sveti Ivan Žabno. The work deals with the execution of the lower and upper structure with detailed processing of the gravel, the entire track grid and shunt. For a safe crossing from the field roads over the railway, two railway – road crossing were built. Two underpasses, three overpasses and three stops were also built along the section. Signaling and safety devices were described at the end of the project
The influence of waste rubber and the cement proportion on the properties of cement-stabilized bearing layers of pavement structures
No full textZadatak ovog završnog rada obuhvaća ispitivanje dvije mješavine cementom stabiliziranog nosivog sloja
kolnika. Ispitana su mehanička svojstva referentne mješavine i mješavine s gumom. Referentna mješavina
je sastavljena od prirodnog agregata, 5% cementa i optimalne količine vode, a mješavina s gumom je
sastavljena od prirodnog agregata, otpadne gume, 6% cementa i optimalne količine vode. Guma je korištena
kao volumna zamjena za pijesak u količini od 30%, a zbog očekivanog smanjenja čvrstoće povećana je
količina cementa u ovoj mješavini. Laboratorijska ispitivanja obuhvaćaju određivanje optimalne vlažnosti i
maksimalne suhe prostorne mase mješavina, ispitivanje tlačne čvrstoće nakon 7 i 28 dana i ispitivanje
otpornosti mješavine na smrzavanje u prisustvu soli. Za izradu uzoraka korištena je metoda vibrirajućeg
čekića. Nakon provedenih ispitivanja niti jedna mješavina nije zadovoljila tlačnu čvrstoću za ugradnju u nosivi
sloj ceste. Referenta mješavina je razvila preveliku čvrstoću, dok mješavina s gumom nije razvila dovoljnu
čvrstoću. Pokazalo se kako je bez obzira na povećanje količine cementa, korištena količina gume više
utjecala na smanjenje čvrstoće mješavine. Obje mješavine su ostvarile zadovoljavajuću otpornost na
smrzavanje.The task of this undergraduate thesis includes the testing of two cement-stabilized bearing layer mixtures of
the pavement. The mechanical properties of the reference mixture and the mixture with waste rubber were
tested. The reference mixture is composed of natural aggregate, 5% of cement and optimal water content,
and the mixture with rubber is composed of natural aggregate, waste rubber, 6% of cement and an optimal
water content. Rubber was used as a volume replacement for sand in the amount of 30%, and due to the
expected decrease in strength, the amount of cement in this mixture was increased. Laboratory tests include
optimal moisture content and maximum dry density determination, testing of compressive strength after 7
and 28 days, and testing of the mixture's resistance to frost in the presence of salt. The vibrating hammer
method was used for specimen preparation. Results of conducted tests showed that none of the mixtures
met the compressive strength requirements for installation in the bearing layer of pavement structure. The
reference mixture developed too much strength, while the rubberized mixture did not develop sufficient
strength. It was shown that, regardless of the increase in the amount of cement, the amount of rubber used
had a greater effect on the reduction of the mixture’s strength. Both mixtures achieved satisfactory resistance
to frost
Construction site layout plan - dimensioning of temporary site roads
No full textUređenje gradilišnih prometnica je jedan od dijelova u procesu izrade sheme uređenja gradilišta koja je preteča svakog izvođenja građevine. Shema uređenja gradilišta je proces kojim se unaprijed osigurava maksimalno iskorištavanje parcele prilikom izvođenja radova, kako bi se tijekom izvođenja radova materijali skladištili, dovozili na gradilište, kako bi se smjestile kancelarije, te kako bi komunikacija na gradilištu u svom vremenu izvođenja bila neometana. Takvo pravovremeno i ispravno planiranje bitno utječe na kontrolu radova, na samu dinamiku izvođenja radova, a samim time i na dovršenje radova u ugovorenim rokovima. U nastavku bit će prikazani svi zahtjevi koji se moraju ispuniti kako bi se izradila zadovoljavajuća shema uređenja gradilišta s naglaskom na dimenzioniranje zavoja privremenih gradilišnih prometnica za horizontalni transport. Na nekoliko shema uređenja gradilišta bit će provedeno ispitivanje prolaznosti za pojedina mjerodavna gradilišna vozila.Arrangement of construction site roads is one of the parts in the process of creating a construction site arrangement scheme, which is a threat to any construction. The scheme of the construction site is a process that ensures in advance the maximum utilization of the plot during the execution of the works, so that during the execution of the works the materials are stored, brought to the construction site, in order to accommodate the offices, and so that the communication on the construction site during its execution is unhindered. Such timely and correct planning significantly affects the control of the works, the very dynamics of the execution of the works, and therefore the completion of the works within the agreed deadlines. In the following, all the requirements that must be met in order to create a satisfactory construction site arrangement scheme will be presented, with an emphasis on dimensioning the turns of temporary construction roads for horizontal transport. The vehicle passing test on the construction site will be carried out for individual relevant construction site vehicles on several construction site layout schemes
Architecture and urban design of retfala south business zone
No full textTema završnog rada je idejno urbanističko i arhitektonsko rješenje poslovne zone Retfala jug.
Poslovna zona se nalazi u jugozapadnom dijelu grada Osijeka te se u njoj urbanističkim rješenjem
određuje položaj devet zgrada poslovne namjene okružene šetnicom uzdignutom na razinu prvog
kata kojom se prolazi kroz botanički vrt stavljajući naglasak na humano mjerilo na lokaciji ruba
grada. Arhitektonsko rješenje bavi se projektom poslovne zgrade, definirane tipologije lamele, u
središtu urbanističkog obuhvata. Poslovna zgrada nalazi se neposredno uz grananje dvaju osnovnih
grana šetnice iz čega proizlazi tema stvaranja različitih mikroambijenata i vizura na različitim
linijama kretanja kroz obuhvat poslovne zone. Urbanističke postavke određuju promet u mirovanju i
kretanju sa sjeverne strane zgrade, te botanički vrt i prateći sadržaje s južne strane. To slijedi tema
dualnosti koja se obrađuje kroz projekt poslovne zgrade. Zgrada se dijeli na dva volumena
suprotnih karaktera - sjeverni dio koji se zatvara prema okolini poput tvrđave, hladan i čvrst
volumen te južni dio koji obrađuje temu rahlosti, otvaranja prema okolini do točke u kojoj se pred
njom raspada i gubi.The topic of the final thesisis the conceptual urban and architectural design of the Retfala South
business zone. The business zone is located in the southwest part of Osijek, and in it, the urban plan
determines the position of nine business buildings surrounded by a walkway raised to the level of
the first floor, which passes through the botanical garden, emphasizing the humane scale at the end
of the city. The architectural design focuses on one of the office buildings, a defined lamella
typology, in the center of the business zone. The office building is located directly next to the
branching of the two main branches of the promenade, which leads to the theme of creating
different microambients and views on different lines of movement through the business zone. The
urban settings determine forms of traffic on the north side of the building, and the botanical garden
and accompanying content on the south side. This leads to the theme of duality, which is addressed
through the office building project. The building is divided into two volumes of opposite characters -
the northern part, which closes to the surroundings like a fortress, a cold and solid volume, and the
southern part, which represents the theme of looseness, opening towards the surroundings to the
point where it disintegrates and disappears within it
Architecture and Urban Design of Retfala South Business Zone
No full textProjektirana poslovna zgrada nalazi se na periferiji grada Osijeka u poslovnoj zoni Retfala Jug. Projektirani poslovni kompleks sastoji se od 5 lamela smještenih u sjevernom pojasu obuhvata i 4 poslovne zgrade usitnjene tipologije smještene u južnom pojasu obuhvata. Središte obuhvata čini zeleni klin s javnim sadržajima. Projektirana zgrada je lamela poziconirana kao uglovnica i početna točka kretanja unutar obuhvata. Svaka strana zgrade novi je ambijent koji se direktno oslikava u pojavnosti zgrade kao i u načinu organizacije prostora. Nužan sadržaj zgrade smješten je 4 kontrastna obodna krila formirajući zgradu kao kubus unutar ortogonalnog rastera dok je nagalasak stavljen na skulpturalno središte koje je istovremeno glavna komunikacija i atrakcija zgrade. Krila su utemeljena na yin - yangu, skulpturalni centar postaje težište zgrade odnosno segment koji uravnotežuje sukobljene sile i zaokružuje zgradu u jedinstvenu cjelinu. Upravo ta igra sukobljenih sila i njihovo međusobno slaganje i nadopunjavanje omogućuje paradoksalan scenarij u kojem zgrada posve
jednostavne forme postaje neprekinuti wow faktor. Svaka je strana potpuno novi svemir koji skreće pažnju korisnika i budi želju za daljnim istraživanjem prostora. Kontastatna promjenjivost, ekspresivnost, inovativnost i dominacija zgrade u prostoru s kojim zapravo u potpunost srasta, samo su neki od razloga zbog kojih je ovo integrirano urbanističko-arhitektonsko rješenje dovoljno snažno da pruži karakter do sada poptuno pustom i nedefiniranomm prostoru te na taj način riješi njegov glavni nedostatak i postavi temelj za daljni rast i razvoj.Designed business building is located on the outskirts of Osijek in Retfala - Jug business zone. Designed business complex
consist of 5 macro-buildings located in the northern zone of the area and 4 micro-buildings located in the southern zone of the area while the middle is shaped as a green wedge oasis fulfilled with public content. The building is a longitudinal form positioned as a corner building and a starting point of the wider area. Every side of the building is a completely new ambient which is directly depicted in the facade design and interior space organization. Building's required program is positioned in 4 contrast - based wings that determined the form of the building as a minimalist cube in orthogonal net while the accent is put on the sculptural center which becomes the main communication and attraction of the building. The wings are based on yin - yang while the sculptural center becomes the gravity center of the building that balances the conflicting forces and defines it as a whole. That very battle of the conflicting forces and their mutual complementing enables a paradoxical scenario in which the most basic form have the power of becoming the constant wow factor. Every side of the building
creates completely new universe which draws the user's attention and awakens his desire to further explore the space. Constant change, expressiveness, innovation and complete domination of the building in the context that becomes it's unbreakable part are only some of the reasons why this integrated urban - architectural solution has the strength to define and characterize this bleak empty space. At the same time it manages to solve it's main weakness and lay the foundation for the future development
Architecture and Urban Design of Retfala South Business Zone
No full textTema završnog rada je idejno urbanističko-arhitektonsko rješenje poslovne zone Retfala - jug. Urbanizmom su definirane markice poslovnih zgrada čije će garaže biti u podzemlju, povezane javnom podzemnom prometnicom. Koncept arhitektonskog rješenja proizašao je iz nastojanja da se sunčeva svjetlost ne ignorira, nego uz pomoć biljaka u „zeleniom stupu“ prihvati. Od samog„zelenog stupa“ se nižu zajednički prostori koji su orijentirani na dva javna trga, dok se na suprotnoj strani, orijentirani na susjedne zgrade, nižu uredi i privatniji prostori. Kako bi se javna pdzemna prometnica dodatno uključila u sam projekt zgrade, osiguran je natkriveni parking kroz koji se dalje dolazi do podzemne garaže na minus dva etaži.The topic of the final paper is the conceptual urban and architectural solution of the Retfala- South business zone. Urbanisation defines the stamps of commercial buildings whose garages will be underground, connected by a public underground road. The concept of an architectural solution came from an effort not to ignore sunlight but with the help of plants in the “green stupa”. From the “green pillar” there are smaller common spaces oriented to two public squares, while on the opposite side, oriented to neighbouring buildings, smaller offices and more private spaces. In order for the public underground road to be additionally included in the building project itself, a covered parking is provided through which you can further access the underground garage at minus two floors