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Calculation of inner forces for three - hinged frame and projections of velocity
No full textTema ovog rada jest proračun unutarnjih sila u zadanom presjeku konstrukcijskog
sustava preko uvjeta ravnoteže i metodom virtualnog rada te određivanje kuteva zaokreta i
pomaka točaka uz pomoć planova pomaka.
Teorijski dio ovog dijela završnog rada sastoji se od pojašnjenja raspodjele unutarnjih
sila u presjecima te konvencije predznaka koji su slobodan izbor u proračunu. Objašnjeno je
temeljno načelo virtualnog rada i kako se mogu dobiti polovi pomaka. Za prvi zadatak treba
odrediti unutarnje sile u zadanom presjeku n-n uz pomoć dvije različite metode – uvjeti
ravnoteže i virtualni rad. Također je bilo nužno i proračunati unutarnje sile u karakterističnim
točkama te skicirati dijagrame unutarnjih sila i potkrijepiti ih rezultatima u softveru po izboru,
u ovom slučaju to je bio Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis.
Drugi dio rada usko je povezan s kinematikom tijela i njegovim gibanjem pa je za drugi
zadatak potrebno pomoću planova pomaka odrediti pomak određenih točaka i kutove zaokreta
dvaju tijela.The topic of this paper is the calculation of internal forces in a given cross-section of
the structural model by equilibrium conditions and the method of virtual work, as well as the
determination of rotation angles and displacements using projections of velocity.
Theoretical part of the first segment of this paper consists of an explanation of the
distribution of internal forces in the cross-section and the convention of the signs which are a
free choice in the calculation. The fundamental principle of virtual work is explained and how
displacement can be obtained. For the first task, the internal forces in the given n-n section
should be calculated using two different methods – equilibrium conditions and virtualn work.
It was also necessary to calculate internal forces at characteristic nodes and to sketch three
diagrams of internal forces and support them with the results in the software of choice which
in this case was Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis.
The second part of the paper is closely related to the kinematics of the structure and its
motion, so for the second task it is necessary to determine the displacements of certain points
and the angles of rotation using projections of velocity
Calculation of settlements under shallow foundations
No full textSvojim završnim radom predstavila sam osnovno teorijsko znanje kako bi se mogao riješiti definirani problem. Kroz prva četiri poglavlja predstavljena je mehanika tla te problematika vezana uz slijeganje tla. Upoznati smo s koeficijentima, s potrebnim karakteristikama tla te s važećim zakonitostima vezanim uz navedenu tematiku, uz to predstavljene su i metode kojima je moguće riješiti definirani problem. Završetkom teorijskog dijela slijedi zadatak koji je postavljen te i prikaz njegova rješenja. Navedenim zadatkom pokazana je primjena naučenoga na problemu, odnosno povezivanje analitičkog izračuna i teorije. Nakon riješenog dijela dokazana je točnost rješenja tako da je proračun prikazan u računalnom programu Geo5.In my bachelor thesis, I presented the basic theoretical knowledge in order to solve the defined problem. Through the first four chapters, soil mechanics and issues related to soil subsidence are presented. We are familiar with the coefficients, with the necessary characteristics of the soil and with the valid laws related to the mentioned topic, in addition, the methods that can be used to solve the defined problem are also presented. At the end of the theoretical part, the task that was set is followed by a presentation of its solution. The aforementioned task demonstrated the application of what was learned to the problem, that is, the connection of analytical calculation and theory. After the solved part, the accuracy of the solution was proven in such a way that the calculation was shown in the Geo5 computer program
Geosinthetics for separation and stabilization
No full textU radu se opisuju geosintetici, njihove funkcije i proizvodnja. Poseban značaj je pridan geomreži,
geokompozitima i geotekstilu koji se koriste u odvajanju i stabilizaciji. Geosintetici su važni za građevinske
zahvate i kao takvi su široko primjenjivi u svim znanostima, a posebno u cestogradnji gdje se koriste za
stabilizaciju i odvajanje.This work describes geosynthetics, their functions, and production. Special emphasis is given to geogrids,
geocomposites, and geotextiles, which are used in separation and stabilization. Geosynthetics play a crucial
role in construction projects and are widely applicable in various fields of science, particularly in road
construction, where they are used for stabilization and separation
Self - compacting concrete with biomass ash addition
No full textRadom je opisan samozbijajući beton sa dodatkom pepela biomase. Opisana su njegova svojstva u svježem i očvrslom stanju te uspoređena sa svojstvima betona bez pepela biomase. Uspoređujući samozbijajući beton sa dodatkom pepela biomase i bez njega, ustanovljeno je sljedeće: beton sa dodatkom pepela biomase može imati veću vrijednost tlačne čvrstoće te mu se poboljšavaju svojstva trajnosti i obradivosti u usporedbi sa samozbijajućim betonom bez dodatka pepela biomase. Uporabom pepela biomase u betonu pridonosi se zbrinjavanju samog pepela biomase kao otpada. Ujedno, uporaba pepela kao zamjene za cement snižava ukupnu količinu oslobođenog CO2 po jedinici betonske mješavine.This paper describes self-compacting concrete with the addition of biomass ash. Its properties in the fresh and hardened state are described and compared with the properties of concrete without biomass ash. Comparing self-compacting concrete with and without the addition of biomass ash, the following was found: concrete with the addition of biomass ash can have a higher value of compressive strength and its durability and workability properties are improved when compared to self-compacting concrete without the addition of biomass ash. Using biomass ash in concrete contributes to the disposal of biomass ash itself as waste. At the same time, the use of fly ash as a substitute for cement lowers the total amount of released CO2 per unit of concrete mix
Thermal and sound insulation of partition walls
No full textZavršnim radom opisano je zašto je bitna toplinska i zvučna izolacija za život u prikladnim uvjetima. U svijetu građevinarstva postoje različite vrste izolacija koje svojim prednostima i nedostacima pridonose gradnji objekata. Važno je poznavati materijale koji se primjenjuju u izradi toplinske i zvučne izolacije.
Rad je podijeljen u nekoliko cjelina. Na samome početku opisuje se važnost izvedbe toplinske i zvučne izolacije u građevinarstvu. Druga cjelina opisuje izolaciju zidova. Treća cjelina objašnjava što je toplinska izolacija te navodi primjer njezine ugradnje, dok četvrta cjelina objašnjava što je zvučna izolacija pregradnih zidova uz primjer ugradnje u obiteljske kuće. Peta cjelina opisuje pojedine proizvode za izolaciju pregradnih zidova. Na kraju rada zaključuje se zbog čega je potrebna zvučna i toplinska izolacija.The final paper describes why thermal and sound insulation is essential for life under appropriate conditions. In the world of construction there are different types of insulation that contribute to the construction of buildings with their advantages and disadvantages. It is important to know materials used in the production of thermal and sound insulation.
The paper is divided into several units. The importance of thermal and sound insulation in civil engineering is described at the very beginning. The second unit describes the insulation of the walls. The third unit explains what thermal insulation is and lists an example of its installation, while the fourth unit explains the sound insulation of partition walls, such as installation in family houses. The fifth unit describes individual products for the isolation of partition walls. At the end of paper it is concluded why sound and thermal insulation is necessary.
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Primjenjivost ekoloških i ekonomskih parametara mikrosimulacijskog prometnog modeliranja u ocjeni rješenja rekonstrukcije raskrižja
No full textPred projektante prometne infrastrukture stavlja se zahtjevan zadatak da pomire suprotstavljene ciljeve razvoja prometne infrastrukture prema prometnoj potražnji, a da svojim rješenjima smanje negativne učinke operacionalizacije sustava. Ovaj rad analizira primjenjivost mikrosimulacijskog prometnog modeliranja za analizu ekoloških i ekonomskih parametara koji se, uz funkcionalne parametre, ubrajaju u standardne kriterije ocjene varijantnih rješenja izgradnje i rekonstrukcije prometne infrastrukture. Studija slučaja napravljena je na primjeru rekonstrukcije raskrižju u urbanoj prometnoj mreži grada Osijeka. Rezultati pokazuju primjenjivost mikrosimulacija za ocjenu ekoloških i ekonomskih parametara u ocjeni varijantnih rješenja rekonstrukcije raskrižja, a brojčani pokazatelji pokazuju da se poboljšanjem funkcionalnih pokazatelja raskrižja mogu smanjiti i emisije ispušnih plinova od prometa
Machine learning intelligence to assess the shear capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beams
No full textThe ability of machine learning (ML) techniques to forecast the shear strength of corroded reinforced concrete beams (CRCBs) is examined in the present study. These ML techniques include artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive-neuro fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), decision tree (DT) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). A thorough databank with 140 data points about the shear capacity of CRCBs with various degrees of corrosion was compiled after a review of the literature. The inputs parameters of the implemented models are the width of the beam, the effective depth of the beam, concrete compressive strength (CS), yield strength of reinforcement, percentage of longitudinal reinforcement, percentage of transversal reinforcement (stirrups), yield strength of stirrups, stirrups spacing, shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d), corrosion degree of main reinforcement, and corrosion degree of stirrups. The coefficient of determination of the ANN, ANFIS, DT, and XGBoost models are 0.9811, 0.9866, 0.9799, and 0.9998, respectively. The MAPE of the XGBoost model is 99.39%, 99.16%, and 99.28% lower than ANN, ANFIS, and DT models. According to the results of the sensitivity examination, the shear strength of the CRCBs is most affected by the depth of the beam, stirrups spacing, and the a/d. The graphical displays of the Taylor graph, violin plot, and multi-histogram plot additionally support the XGBoost model's dependability and precision. In addition, this model demonstrated good experimental data fit when compared to other analytical and ML models. Accurate prediction of shear strength using the XGBoost approach confirmed that this approach is capable of handling a wide range of data and can be used as a model to predict shear strength with higher accuracy. The effectiveness of the developed XGBoost model is higher than the existing models in terms of precision, economic considerations, and safety, as indicated by the comparative study
Pullout Behavior of a Polymeric Strap in Compacted Dry Granular Material
No full textStrap reinforcement is very commonly used as reinforcement material in mechanically stabilized earth walls (MSEW). Metal straps are mostly used as reinforcement material. However, in humid climates, where the risk of damage to metal straps due to corrosion is high, the use of geosynthetic straps is quite justified. In the Croatian coastal region, geosynthetic straps were used as reinforcement for two very high MSEWs. In both cases, the backfill material crushed stone aggregate from the neighboring site was used. According to the relevant standards, it is recommended that the backfill material should have a uniformity coefficient of Cu ≥ 4.0. To meet these requirements, it is usually necessary to sieve and crush the backfill material. To evaluate the influence of the uniformity coefficient on the friction interaction coefficient between a geosynthetic strap and a crushed stone aggregate, a series of pullout tests with different confining stresses and aggregate grain size distributions were conducted. The pullout tests were performed for three different uniformity coefficients of the crushed stone aggregate. The results confirmed the justification to use backfill material with a uniformity coefficient higher than 4.0. The pullout tests were performed with one strap, two closely spaced straps, and two separated straps. The results showed that lateral friction contributes to the pullout force in the amount of 16.1% of the total force
Architecture and Urban Design of Retfala South Business Zone
No full textTema završnog rada je urbanističko i arhitektonsko rješenje poslovne zone Retfala - jug koja je smještena na zapadnom dijelu grada Osijeka. Idejnim urbanističkim rješenjem određen je položaj devet poslovnih zgrada unutar zadanog obuhvata. Cijeli obuhvat prožima botanički vrt u parteru te javna šetnica uzdignuta na razinu prve etaže na koju zgrade imaju mogućnost povezivanja. Arhitektonsko rješenje bavi se projektom jedne od poslovnih zgrada. Arhitektonski koncept nastavlja se na ideju šetnice i botaničkog vrta na način da produbljuje odnos između čovjeka i okoline aktivacijom njegovih osjetila modulima senzorike. Botanički se vrt modulima uzdiže od partera i u nastavku šetnice spiralno uspinje po poslovnoj zgradi. Posebna pažnja posvećena je odabiru vrste zelenila koje se nalazi u određenom osjetilnom modulu. Krajnji cilj je aktivno povezivanje pojedinca s okolinom u svrhu poboljšanja njegovog psihičkog i fizičkog zdravlja.The topic of the final paper is the urban and architectural solution of the business zone Retfala - South, which is located in the western part of the city of Osijek. The conceptual urban solution determines the position of nine office buildings within the given scope. The entire scope is permeated by a botanical garden on the ground floor and a public walkway raised to the level of the first floor, to which the buildings have the possibility of connecting. The architectural solution deals with the project of one of the office buildings. The architectural concept continues the idea of the promenade and the botanical garden in a way that deepens the relationship between individuals and the environment by activating their senses with sensory modules. The botanical garden rises from the ground floor and spirals around the office building, continuing the promenade. Special attention was paid to the selection of the type of greenery found in a certain sensory module. The ultimate goal is to actively connect individuals with the environment in order to improve their mental and physical health
Baseline plan for the application of modular formwork for the construction of a reinforced concrete multi - storey building
No full textProces vremenskog planiranja projektnih aktivnosti izuzetno je bitan u građevinskim projektima jer se na temelju njega kreira početni dinamički plan izvedbe raznih građevina. Planiranje je sadržano u svim glavnim fazama životnog ciklusa projekta, tj. koncipiranju, definiranju, izvršenju i korištenju. U ovom radu dan je kratki pregleda teorijskih podloga za planiranje i na temelju dostupnih podloga izrađena studija slučaja projekta izgradnje armirano-betonske više-etažne zgrade uz primjenu modularne oplate na lokaciji Svetog Petka 2A u Osijeku. Uz navedene prednosti planiranja, opisane su i tehnike planiranja, metode prikazivanja izlaznih podataka i definirane su veze između aktivnosti. U teorijskom dijelu opisan je je i proces izrade početnog dinamičkog plana. Studija slučaja bazirana je na završenom projektu armirano – betonske višestambene zgrade primjenom modularne oplate. Na temelju zadanih podloga, u okviru studije slučaja izrađen je početni dinamički plan. U okviru studije napisan je detaljan tehnički opis građevine. Studijom slučaja obuhvaćeni su koraci kreiranja početnog dinamičkog plana. Nakon tehničkog opisa, projekt je raščlanjen na manje upravljive jedinice (WBS), do razine aktivnosti. Definiranim aktivnostima u vremenskom planu pridružene su izračunate količine oplate, betona, armature i zidova. Dodijeljenim proračunskim učincima i normativima vremena određena su trajanja aktivnosti. Aktivnosti su dinamičkom planu povezane u cjelinu vezama. Povezanim aktivnostima dodijeljeni su resursi. Izlazni podatci ukupnog trajanja projekta prikazani su u obliku gantograma, a raspoloživost resursa u obliku prateće metode histograma.The process of time-planning project activities is extremely important in construction projects because it creates the initial dynamic plan for the performance of various buildings. Planning is included in all the main phases of the project life cycle, i.e., conception, definition, execution, and use. In this thesis, a brief overview of the theoretical bases for planning is given, and, based on the available bases, a case study of the construction project of a reinforced concrete multi-story building with the use of modular formwork at the Svetog Petka 2A location in Osijek is made. In addition to the advantages mentioned above, planning techniques, methods of displaying output data, and connections between activities are also described. In the theoretical part, the process of creating the initial dynamic plan is described. The case study is based on the completed project of a reinforced concrete apartment building using modular formwork. Based on the given background, an initial dynamic plan was created within the case study. A detailed technical description of the building was written as part of the study. The case study covers the steps of creating an initial dynamic plan. After the technical description, the project is broken down into smaller manageable units (WBS), down to the activity level. Calculated quantities of formwork, concrete, reinforcement, and walls are attached to defined activities in the time plan. The duration of the activities is determined by the allocated budget effects and time norms. The activities are connected to the dynamic plan as a whole through connections. Related activities are assigned resources. The output data for the total duration of the project are presented in the form of a Ganttogram, and the availability of resources is presented in the form of the accompanying histogram method