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Analysis of the costs of maintenance and use of buildings with the status of cultural property
No full textU ovom radu detaljno je istražena problematika očuvanja građevina sa statusom kulturnog dobra, naglašavajući složen i izazovan proces održavanja istih. Naglasak je stavljen na specifične značajke građevina sa statusom kulturnog dobra, njihov životni i uporabni vijek, te na metode konzervacije i restauracije. Ističe se važnost njihove klasifikacije radi pravilnog razumijevanja izazova njihovog održavanja. U radu su razmatrane International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) preporuke za analizu, konzervaciju i konstrukcijsku restauraciju arhitektonske baštine koje pružaju okvir za ispravno postupanje u očuvanju zgrada baštine. Posebna pažnja posvećena je ekonomskim aspektima projekta s fokusom na troškove povezane s održavanjem građevina, metode procjene trajnosti njezinih elemenata te pomoću određenih metoda u radu je također prikazana analiza troškova održavanja i uporabe građevine sa statusom kulturnog dobra za dvadesetogodišnje razdoblje. Složenost upravljanja projektima održavanja i obnove zahtjeva, predviđanje rizika te primjenu metode analize osjetljivosti pružajući identifikaciju ključnih varijabli koje utječu na uspjeh projekta. Kroz tehnički opis građevine sa statusom kulturnog dobra, prikazana je praktična primjena analiziranih metoda implementiranih u konkretnoj situaciji.In this paper, the issue of preserving buildings with the status of cultural property is investigated in detail, emphasising the complex and challenging process of maintaining them. Emphasis is placed on the specific features of buildings, including the status of cultural property, their lifespan and useful life, and conservation and restoration methods. Their classification's importance is emphasised to correctly understand the challenges of their maintenance. The paper considered the recommendations of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) for the analysis, conservation, and structural restoration of architectural heritage, which provide a framework for correct behaviour in preserving heritage buildings. Special attention is paid to the economic aspects of the project with a focus on costs related to building maintenance, methods of assessing the durability of its elements, and using specific methods, the paper also presents an analysis of the costs of maintaining and using a building with the status of a cultural property for twenty years. The complexity of project management of maintenance and renewal requirements, risk forecasting, and the application of the sensitivity analysis method provide the identification of critical variables that affect the success of the project. The practical application of the analysed methods implemented in a specific situation is presented through the technical description of the building with the status of cultural property
Construction technology of sloped reinforced concrete walls
No full textOvaj rad bavi se tehnologijom izvedbe kosih armiranobetonskih zidova. Kosi armiranobetonski zidovi značajno se razlikuju u odnosu na vertikalne zidove jer su mnogo kompliciranije proračunati unutarnje sile te ih i izvesti. Potrebno je slijediti niz pravila kako bi sve potencijalne opasnosti bili uklonjene te kako bi buduća građevina bila izvedena bez grešaka. U radu, poseban naglasak stavljen je na najvažnije korake betoniranja kosih zidova. U prvom poglavlju govori se o povijesnom razvoju betona, betoniranja i armiranog betona. U drugom poglavlju obrađene su posebnosti i detalji oplata kosih armiranobetonskih zidova te su navedena neka pravila izvođenja kosih zidova. U sljedećim poglavljima rad se bavi osnovnim pravilima izlijevanja svježeg betona te o mogućim opasnostima tijekom betoniranja. Također, navedene su najznačajnije prednosti i mane u odnosu na vertikalne armiranobetonske zidove te su navedeni najznačajniji primjeri u Republici Hrvatskoj i u svijetu.This final paper focuses on the construction technology of sloped walls made of reinforced concrete. Sloped reinforced concrete walls significantly differ from vertical walls because it is more complex to calculate internal forces and to build. A series of rules must be followed in order to eliminate all the potential dangers and to ensure that the future building is constructed without errors. This paper focuses particularly on the key steps in the construction of sloped walls. The first chapter discusses the historical development of concrete, pouring concrete, and reinforced concrete. The second chapter covers the specifics and details of formwork for sloped reinforced concrete walls, along with the guidelines for the construction of sloped walls. In the following chapters, the paper addresses the fundamental rules for pouring concrete and potential dangers during the pouring process. It also highlights the most significant advantages and disadvantages in comparison to vertical reinforced concrete walls and also presents notable examples from the Republic of Croatia and all around the world
Design of a traffic cantilever
No full textOvaj završni rad bavi se projektiranjem čeličnih nosača za prometnu signalizaciju, s posebnim fokusom na konzolne nosače s rešetkastom strukturom. Analiziran je primjer nosača za prometni znak u Osijeku, pri čemu je dimenzija znaka 20% veća od rešetkaste konstrukcije nosača. U radu je proveden proračun nosivosti i dimenzioniranje konstrukcije, uzimajući u obzir promjenjiva opterećenja izazvana djelovanjem vjetra, u skladu s normom HRN EN 1991-1-4:2012. Ostala opterećenja, poput snijega i leda, nisu uključena zbog njihove zanemarive važnosti za analizirani sustav. Za projektiranje i analizu korišteni su računalni programi Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2019 i AutoCAD 2023, dok je proračun izveden prema normi HRN EN 1993-1-1:2012
Architecture and urban design of Retfala south business zone
No full textPoslovna zona Retfala – jug smještena je uz osječku obilaznicu i ulaz u grad. Parcela je podijeljena na 9 manjih parcela, svakoj pripada zasebna poslovna zgrada. Poslovna zgrada koja se našla u donjem desnom kutu je podijeljena na 3 identična kubusa koji su na svakome katu povezani platformom amorfnoga oblika.The business zone Retfala - south is located next to the Osijek ring road and the entrance to the city. The plot is divided into 9 smaller plots, each with a separate office building. The office building located in the lower right corner is divided into 3 identical cubes that are connected on each floor by an amorphous platform
Safeguarding of Dubrovnik's Old city buildings through earthquake risk evaluation
No full textNakon potresa magnitude Mw7,1 (IMCS = 9–10°) koji je pogodio crnogorsko primorje 1979. godine, Stari grad Dubrovnik, gdje je potres bio vrlo jak (IMCS = 7°) i prouzročio znatna oštećenja, uvršten je na popis UNESCO-ve svjetske baštine. Obnova i ojačanje građevina u Starom gradu, popraćeni geološkim i seizmološkim istraživanjima, provode se od 1982. godine na temelju posebnog zakona. U sklopu istraživačkog projekta IP-2020-02-3531 Hrvatske zaklade za znanost, pod nazivom „Procjena seizmičkog rizika građevina kulturne baštine u Hrvatskoj“, unaprijeđene su postojeće spoznaje o potresnoj ugroženosti Starog grada Dubrovnika. Na primjeru povijesnih potresa u Baru (Crna Gora) 1979., Stonu 1996. i Dubrovniku 1667. godine, kao i očekivanih potresa na primjeru rasjeda Berkovići, s pomoću računalnog programa otvorenog koda OpenQuake, procijenjeni su očekivani makroseizmički učinci na dio Starog grada, s izvedenim pojačanjima i bez njih. Također su procijenjeni i mikroseizmički učinci na odabranu građevinu unutar promatranog bloka zgrada Starog grada Dubrovnika, za što je izrađen numerički model konstrukcije. Ova istraživanja pružaju osnovu za daljnji razvoj mjera ublažavanja gospodarskih i društvenih učinaka potresa jakosti IMCS ≥ 6° na Stari grad Dubrovnik.After the Mw7.1 earthquake (IMCS = 9–10°) that struck the Montenegrin coast in 1979, the Old Town of Dubrovnik, where the earthquake was very strong (IMCS = 7°) and caused significant damage, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Since 1982, the restoration and retrofitting of buildings in the Old Town, accompanied by geological and seismological research, have been carried out under a special law. As part of the research project IP-2020-02-3531 of the Croatian Science Foundation, titled “Seismic Risk Assessment of Cultural Heritage Buildings in Croatia”, existing knowledge about the seismic vulnerability of the Old Town of Dubrovnik has been enhanced. Based on historical earthquakes such as Bar (Montenegro) in 1979, Ston in 1996, and Dubrovnik in 1667, as well as anticipated earthquakes along the Berkovići fault, the expected macroseismic effects on parts of the Old Town, with and without structural retrofittings, were estimated using the open-source software OpenQuake. Additionally, microseismic effects were assessed for a selected building within the observed block of the Old Town of Dubrovnik, for which a numerical model of the structure was created. These studies provide a foundation for the further development of mitigation measures to reduce the economic and social impacts of earthquakes with intensities of IMCS ≥ 6° on the Old Town of Dubrovnik
Timber pedestrian bridge
No full textU ovome radu prikazano je rješenje zamjene postojećeg pješačkog mosta u Vukovaru preko rijeke Vuke. Razmatrana su tri konceptualna rješenja drvenog pješačkog mosta, a na temelju estetike, funkcionalnosti i izvedivosti, odabrano je rješenje grednog mosta. Most je projektiran s obzirom na stalna i promjenjiva djelovanja, koja obuhvaćaju opterećenja kojima će konstrukcija biti izložena tijekom svog vijeka trajanja. Odabrani model mosta je poduprti nosač promjenjive visine presjeka. Nosač se sastoji od trapeznih dijelova na lijevoj i desnoj strani te ravnog dijela konstantne visine presjeka u sredini. Glavni nosač ima trapezne dijelove koji na osloncu postižu 92,13% dozvoljenih posmičnih naprezanja, dok ravni dio pokazuje 41,84% interakcije savijanja i tlaka paralelno s vlaknima. Stupovi postižu 50,67% interakcije savijanja i tlaka paralelno s vlaknima. Gornji ustroj mosta uključuje mosnice koje funkcioniraju kao kontinuirani nosači s prepustom od 4,55% prema kriteriju poprečne nosivosti na posmik. Uzdužne grede su proste grede s 90,61% interakcije savijanja i tlaka paralelno s vlaknima, dok su poprečne grede također proste grede s 96,73% poprečne nosivosti na posmik. Stabilizacijski vez, koji preuzima bočne sile vjetra, formiran je između glavnih uzdužnih nosača i sekundarnih poprečnih greda, tvoreći oblik "X" i ispunjavajući kriterij poprečne nosivosti na vlak s 45,51%. Stalna djelovanja obuhvaćaju vlastitu težinu konstrukcije, dok promjenjiva opterećenja uključuju utjecaj pješaka, vjetra i snijega, u skladu s lokacijom mosta. Proračun je izrađen prema važećim normama: HRN EN 1990, HRN EN 1991, te HRN EN 1995-1-1, pomoću računalnog programa Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2023.This paper presents the solution for replacing the existing pedestrian bridge in Vukovar over the Vuka River. Three conceptual designs for a wooden pedestrian bridge were considered, and based on aesthetics, functionality, and feasibility, the beam bridge design was selected. The bridge was designed considering both permanent and variable actions, which include the loads the structure will be subjected to throughout its service life. The selected bridge model is a simply supported beam with a variable height cross-section. The beam consists of trapezoidal sections on the left and right sides and a straight section with a constant height in the middle. The main beam’s trapezoidal sections reach 92.13% of the
allowable shear stresses at the supports, while the straight section shows 41.84% of the interaction between bending and compression parallel to the fibers. The columns reach 50.67% of the interaction between bending and compression parallel to the fibers. The bridge’s upper structure includes decking planks that act as continuous beams with a cantilever of 4.55%, according to the shear capacity criterion. The longitudinal beams are simply supported beams with 90.61% interaction between bending and compression parallel to the fibers, while the transverse beams are also simply supported beams reaching 96.73% of their shear capacity. The stabilizing brace, which resists lateral wind forces, is formed between
the main longitudinal beams and the secondary transverse beams, creating an "X" shape and meeting the shear capacity criterion at 45.51%. Permanent actions include the self-weight of the structure, while variable actions include the
impact of pedestrians, wind, and snow, according to the bridge's location. The structural design was carried out according to the applicable standards: HRN EN 1990, HRN EN 1991, and HRN EN 1995-1-1, using the Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2023 software
Calculation of velocities using projections of displacements and rigid body dynamics
No full textU ovom završnom radu zadana su dva zadatka koja obuhvaćaju temeljne grane tehničke mehanike, a to su kinematika i dinamika. Prvi zadatak obuhvaća određivanje kutnih brzina krutog tijela te brzine točaka na tijelu preko planova pomaka. Prilikom rješavanja prvog zadatka, kontrola je napravljena vektorski. U drugom zadatku potrebno je odrediti dinamičke reakcije nepomičnog ležaja u prikazanom trenutku. U nastavku potrebno je odrediti najveću kutnu brzinu te nakon gubitka energije broj njihaja prije zaustavljanja. Prilikom kontrole u drugom zadatku korišten je računalni program Excel. Tijekom rada na ovim zadacima korištena je literatura i primjeri u kojima je teoretski dio pojašnjen izravno na zadacima. Prilikom rješavanja oba zadatka, koraci su postupno prikazani i skicom kako bi jasnije tumačili računski dio. Matematičke metode koje su korištene tijekom računanja su diferencijalne jednadžbe i integrali.In this final paper, two tasks are assigned that cover the fundamental branches of technical mechanics, namely kinematics and dynamics. The first task includes determining the angular velocities of points on the body via displacement planes. When solving the first task, the control was done vector-wise. In the second task, it is necessary to determine the dynamic reactions of the stationary bearing at the time shown. In the following, it is necessary to determine the maximum angular speed and, after losing energy, the number of oscillations before stopping. During the control in the second task, the computer program Excel was used. When solving both tasks, the steps are shown gradually and with a sketch, in order to show the calculation part more clearly. During the work on these tasks, literature and examples were used in which the theoretical part was explained directly on the tasks. Mathematical methods used in calculus are differential equations and integrals
Construction scaffolding
No full textU završnom radu obrađene su građevinske skele i njihova uloga u građevinarstvu. Skele su vrlo bitan element u građevinarstvu. Zaslužne su za brže i lakše izvođenje radova. Objašnjena je podjela skela prema njihovoj namjeni, nosivosti, vrsti materijala od kojega su izrađene i prema izvedbi, te su dane slike pojedinih skela. Navedeni su i opisani dijelovi od kojih se građevinska skela sastoji. Detaljnije je obrađena modularna skela koja je sve modernija u građevinarstvu zbog svoje efikasnosti i fleksibilnosti. Navedena je njihova nosivost i primjena. Navedeni su postupci projektiranja, montaže i demontaže građevinske skele, koji su vrlo bitni za sigurnost radnika na gradilištu.he final paper discusses construction scaffolding and its role in the construction industry. Scaffolding is a crucial element in construction, as it contributes to faster and easier execution of work. The paper explains the classification of scaffolding based on its purpose, load capacity, material type, and design, along with providing images of different scaffolding types. The components that make up construction scaffolding are also listed and described. The paper delves into modular scaffolding, which is becoming increasingly popular in construction due to its efficiency and flexibility. The load capacity and applications of modular scaffolding are mentioned. The procedures for designing, assembling, and dismantling construction scaffolding, which are critical for worker safety on construction sites, are outlined
Evaluation of the Applicability of Waste Rubber in Insulation Panels with Regard to Its Grain Size and Panel Thickness
No full textThis paper explores the effect of waste rubber grain size on the porosity, modulus of elasticity, thermal properties, and soundproofing performance of polymer composites with different thicknesses (10, 15, and 20 mm). All properties were tested in accordance with European standards, with the exception of porosity, which was measured using Archimedes’ principle. The findings indicate that with a consistent amount of polyurethane glue, finer rubber grains result in composites with higher porosity, leading to a lower modulus of elasticity but enhanced thermal and sound insulation. In contrast, coarser rubber grains produced composites with lower porosity and a higher modulus of elasticity, though with slightly reduced thermal insulation and significantly worse soundproofing. A combination of fine and coarse rubber grains provided a balanced performance, offering both good thermal and sound insulation while maintaining a high modulus of elasticity. Among the thicknesses tested, 15 mm was identified as optimal, combining a relatively high modulus of elasticity, low thermal conductivity, and better airborne sound insulation index. Future research will focus on applying this composite in concrete building products that meet noise protection and energy efficiency standards
Evaluation of project solutions for the reconstruction of the segment of the urban traffic network
No full textU uvjetima velike izgrađenosti urbane prometne mreže, rekonstrukcije segmenata mreže i raskrižja prema potrebama prometnih korisnika, najčešći su građevinski zadatci na prometnoj infrastrukturi. Ocjena da li varijatna rješenja rekonstrukcije ispunjavaju projektne ciljeve radi se u projektnoj fazi, primjenom mikrosimulacijkog prometnog modeliranja. U naselju Josipovac, nedaleko od Grada Osijeka nalazi se trokrako raskrižje za koje je predviđena rekonstrukcija u jednotračno kružno raskrižje. Provedeno je terensko brojanje prometa te su na osnovi raspodjele prometnog opterećenja napravljena još dva varijantna rješenja raskrižja. Primjenom AutoCAD-a projektirane su podloge za postojeće i odabrana rješenja rekonstrukcije, od kojih su sva tri varijacije jednotračnog kružnog raskrižja. U računalnom programu Vissim napravljene su analize rješenja raskrižja za postojeće prometno opterećenje i povećanje prometa od 100% i 200% za sve prometne tokove. Analizom rezultata mikrosimulacije za odabrane pokazatelje koji obuhvaćaju dužine kolona vozila, vremena čekanja, količine ispušnih plinova, potrošnje goriva itd. pomoću tabličnih i grafičkih prikaza analizirana su i ocjenjena varijatna rješenja rekonstrukcije raskrižja. Sumarni prikaz svih rezultata napravljen je tablično kako bi se jasno vidjele razlike između analiziranih rješenja raskrižja, a temeljem dobivenih rezultata napravljeno je rangiranje varijatnih rješenja raskrižja.In conditions of a large construction of the urban transport network, the reconstruction of network segments and intersections according to the needs of transport users are the most common construction tasks on the transport infrastructure. Assessment of whether various reconstruction solutions meet the project goals is done in the project phase, using microsimulation traffic modeling. In the settlement of Josipovac, not far from city Osijek, there is a three-way intersection that is planned to be reconstructed into a one-lane roundabout. A field traffic count was carried out, and based on the distribution of the traffic load, two more variants of the same intersection were made. Using AutoCAD, foundations were designed for existing and selected reconstruction solutions, all three of which are variations of a one-lane roundabouts. In the computer program Vissim, analyses were made of intersection solutions for the existing traffic load and an increase in traffic of 100% and 200% for all traffic flows. By analysing the results of microsimulation for selected indicators, which include the lenght of vehicle lines, waiting times, the amount of exhaust gases, fuel consumption, etc., graphic representations, various solutions for the reconstruction of the intersection were analysed and evaluated. A summary presentation of all results was made in a table in order to clearly see the differences between the analysed intersection solutions, and based on the obtained results, a rankin gof the variant intersection solutions was made