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Weirs
No full textU ovom završnom radu teorijski je opisan problem prelijevanja vode preko četiri tipa preljeva. Svaka vrsta preljeva je detaljno opisana, uključujući dimenzije, način prelijevanja, primjenu i jednadžbe za protok vode. Eksperimentalni dio rada u laboratoriju se proveo na način da su za svaki tip preljeva provedena po četiri mjerenja. Uz pomoć izmjerene manometarske visine i visine prelijevanja, izračunati su koeficijenti prelijevanja koji su nakon toga uspoređeni sa teorijskim vrijednostima. Ta usporedba omogućuje da procijenimo njihovu točnost. Ovaj završni rad daje potrebne informacije za razumijevanje dinamike tekućina i različitih preljeva.This thesis describes the problem of water overflow across four types of weirs. Each type of weir is detailed, covering dimensions, overflow method, applications, and water flow equations. The experimental part of the thesis was conducted in the laboratory, where four measurements were performed for each type of weir. Using the measured manometric height and overflow height, the overflow coefficients were calculated and then compared with theoretical values. This comparison verifies their accuracy. This final thesis provides essential information for understanding fluid dynamics and different types of weirs
Construction site layout - dimensioning of temporary construction roads
No full textPripremni radovi, dobra organizacija i uređenje gradilišta važan su preduvjet za kvalitetno izvođenje radova. U svrhu dobre organizacije gradilišta izrađuju se sheme uređenja koje uključuju organizaciju radnih procesa, prostora, strojeva i opreme na gradilištu. Na početku ovoga rada opisani su osnovni elementi uređenja gradilišta i što sve treba obuhvatiti shema uređenja gradilišta. Glavna tema ovoga rada su privremene gradilišne ceste. U nastavku rada navedeni su i opisani mogući načini horizontalnog transporta (vanjskog i unutarnjeg), mogući načini priključenja gradilišne ceste na javnu cestu, mogući načini i materijali za izradu, te su opisani osnovni elementi dimenzioniranja. Napravljena je analiza troškova izrade najčešćih vrsta gradilišnih cesta, te je za tu svrhu sastavljen troškovnik iz kojeg se može vidjeti kako upotreba geosintetičkih materijala utječe na cijenu izrade. Praktični dio rada je analiza provoznosti i provjera trajektorija kretanja odabranog mjerodavnog vozila na 8 shema uređenja gradilišta. Analizom su prikazani najčešći problemi ostvarivanja provoznosti po trasi gradilišne ceste. Za analizu provoznosti korišten je Autodesk-ov Vehicle Tracking (2024.).Regular (good) construction site organisation is an important precondition for effective construction work. A construction site layout plan is created to organize the construction site as efficiently as possible, which includes the organisation of work processes, space, machinery, and construction equipment. In this master thesis, the initial focus is on the basic elements of the construction site and the components that should be included in the construction site layout plan. The main topic concerns temporary construction site roads. Described below are possible methods of horizontal transport (external and internal), connection of the construction site road to the public road, materials used for construction, and the basic elements of dimensioning. An analysis of the construction costs for creating the most common types of construction roads was conducted. For this purpose, a bill of costs was compiled, highlighting how the use of geosynthetic materials influences production costs. The practical part of this paper involves vehicle passage analysis and the verification of movement trajectories for a selected relevant vehicle on eight construction site layout schemes. The analysis identifies the most common problems associated with ensuring passage along the route of the construction site road. Autodesk’s Vehicle Tracking (2024) was utilized for the vehicle passage analysis
Pregled šestogodišnjeg djelovanja zelene knjižnice Građevinskog i arhitektonskog fakulteta Osijek
No full textZelena knjižnica Građevinskog i arhitektonskog fakulteta Osijek aktivno promiče održivi razvoj kroz edukaciju i informiranje te podiže svijest o ekološkim pitanjima. U Knjižnici se organiziraju razna predavanja, radionice i seminari na teme poput klimatskih promjena, obnovljivih izvora energije i održive gradnje. Implementiranjem programa recikliranja, poticanjem digitalizacije te korištenjem energetski učinkovitih uređaja, potiče se ekološki prihvatljivo ponašanje unutar akademske zajednice. Kroz svoje zelene programe i usluge, Knjižnica educira korisnike o održivom razvoju, ekološkim temama te znanjima i vještinama potrebnim za poboljšanje kvalitete života čime se osnažuje ekološka svijest i promiče aktivno sudjelovanje u zaštiti okoliša
Seismic Assessment of a Modernist Building in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textThis paper presents an in-depth analysis of the Kopčić House, a significant example of modernist architecture in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on its structural-specific features and seismic performance. The Kopčić House embodies a confined masonry structure with innovative construction features, combining load-bearing masonry walls with reinforced concrete elements. This architectural approach was pioneering for its time, combining traditional construction methods with innovative materials and techniques. Detailed analysis using numerical modeling techniques, specifically 3D modeling with the 3Muri software (Vers.14.2.0.4), was conducted to assess the seismic resilience of the structure. The analysis considered different load distributions and eccentricities to comprehensively evaluate the building’s response to lateral forces. The findings of this research reveal the structural capacity and potential vulnerabilities of the Kopčić House when subjected to seismic events. While the building demonstrates inherent strength due to its confined masonry design, areas requiring structural strengthening were identified through numerical simulations. This study contributes to the broader understanding of confined masonry construction within the context of modernist architecture. By integrating historical research with advanced structural analysis, this work aims to bridge the gap between architectural heritage and contemporary engineering practices
Residents’ and Architects’ Perceptions of Apartments’ Spatial Characteristics—Identifying Differences in Opinion on a Case Study of Osijek, Croatia
No full textPeople spend up to 45% of their time in their living space, which has a major impact on their physical and mental health, behaviour, happiness and overall life satisfaction. In these times of rapid change and new, modern demands on living, it is necessary to understand the needs of residents and current design trends in order to incorporate both into the design of new living spaces. The aim of this study is to use the views of residents and architects collected through surveys to rank apartments and identify differences in the definition of what a high-quality apartment would be based on their spatial characteristics. The previously developed Housing Quality Assessment Model was used to assess the 126 most represented apartment layouts in the city of Osijek, Croatia, built since 1930. Apartment layouts were further divided according to the time of their construction, location, and size for comparison purposes. The research shows that residents rated apartments with higher ratings than architects in all categories and that residents and architects gave different ratings on certain characteristics of the apartment, e.g., the existence of additional storage space, the existence of a bathroom window, the size and orientation of living rooms, the type of spatial organisation, etc
Conceptual solution for airport taxiways
No full textStaze za vožnju jedan su od ključnih elemenata zračne luke, a cilj im je osiguranje veze između uzletno-sletne staze i stajanke, uključujući i staze za vožnju do pozicije, staze za vožnju na stajanci te brze izlazne staze. U ovom je radu dan pregled projektnih preporuka iz domaće i strane literature za projektiranje staza za vožnju, a nakon toga izrađeno je idejno rješenje staza za vožnju za referentni zrakoplov Airbus A300-600. Idejno rješenje uključuje i uzletno-sletnu stazu i stajanku, ali je naglasak na stazama za vožnju i stazama za vožnju na stajanci. Određena je potrebna širina staza za vožnju zajedno sa širinom ramena, kao i minimalne udaljenosti prilikom razdvajanja staza za vožnju. Proračunate su i nacrtane metode proširenja staza za vožnju u zavojima
i raskrižjima te je usvojena jedna metoda proširenja. Za manje zrakoplove predviđena je brza izlazna staza za vožnju, a za slučaj velikog opterećenja uzletno-sletne staze osigurana je površina za čekanje. Na kraju je nacrtana potrebna horizontalna signalizacija.Taxiways are one of the key elements of the airport, and their goal is to ensure the connection between the runway and the apron, including taxiways to the position, taxiways on the apron and rapid exit taxiways. This paper provides an overview of project recommendations from domestic and foreign literature for taxiway design, and after that, a conceptual solution of taxiways for the Airbus A300-600 reference aircraft was created. The conceptual solution includes both a runway and an apron, but the emphasis is on taxiways and taxiways at the apron. The required width of taxiways is determined together with the width of the shoulders, as well as the minimum distances when separating taxiways. Methods of widening taxiways in turns and intersections were calculated and drawn, and one widening method was adopted. A rapid exit taxiway is provided for fewer aircraft, and a holding bay is provided in the event of a heavy load on the runway. Finally, the necessary horizontal signaling was drawn
Seismic design of a multy-story masonry building
No full textTema ovog rada je potresno ponašanje postojeće zidane stambene zgrade u Petrinji, izgrađene ranih sedamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, prije donošenja trenutno važećih građevinskih propisa. Rad započinje pregledom povijesti zidanih zgrada, od prvih kamenih konstrukcija, preko uvođenja opeke kao građevinskog materijala, do suvremenih metoda gradnje i upotrebe naprednih materijala. U nastavku rada opisuje se potres u Petrinji iz 2022. godine, uz analizu njegovih posljedica na lokalnu infrastrukturu, s posebnim naglaskom na oštećenja zidanih stambenih zgrada. Istaknuto je da je većina stambenih jedinica u Hrvatskoj izgrađena od opeke, pri čemu su mnoge sagrađene prije implementacije normi HRN EN 1996, trenutne norme za projektiranje zidanih zgrada. U skladu s ovim propisima, u radu je izvršen proračun vertikalne i horizontalne nosivosti
zadane zgrade izgrađene od omeđenog ziđa, s dodatnim proračunom potresne otpornosti prema normama HRN EN 1998. Nakon analitičkog proračuna, izrađena su dva numerička modela u softveru 3Muri, specijaliziranom alatu za proračun i analizu zidanih konstrukcija s naglaskom na potresnu otpornost. Prvi model prikazuje nearmirano ziđe, dok drugi model prikazuje omeđeno ziđe. Softver 3Muri omogućio je detaljnu simulaciju ponašanja konstrukcije primjenom metode nelinearnog statičkog proračuna postupnim guranjem, poznatije kao „pushover“ proračun. U završnom dijelu rada, rezultati analitičkog proračuna uspoređeni su s rezultatima numeričkih modela izrađenih u softveru 3Muri. Zaključci rada naglašavaju važnost pravilnog projektiranja i armiranja zidanih zgrada kako bi se povećala njihova potresna otpornost i sigurnost stanovnika.
Rad također ističe korisnost softvera 3Muri u evaluaciji i poboljšanju potresnih ponašanja postojećih zgrada.This thesis' subject is the seismic behavior of an existing masonry residential building in Petrinja, constructed in the early 1970s, prior to the adoption of current building regulations. The thesis begins with an overview of the history of masonry structures, starting from the earliest stone constructions, through the introduction of brick as a building material, to modern construction methods and the use of advanced materials. The following section of the thesis describes the 2022 Petrinja earthquake, along with an analysis of its impact on local infrastructure, with a particular emphasis on damage to
masonry residential buildings. It is highlighted that the majority of residential units in Croatia are masonry buildings, with many constructed before the implementation of Eurocode 6, the current standard for the design of masonry structures. In accordance with these regulations, the thesis includes a calculation of the vertical and horizontal load bearing capacity of the specified confined masonry building, along with an additional analysis of its seismic resistance according to Eurocode 8. Following the analytical calculation, two numerical models were developed using the 3Muri software, a specialized tool for the calculation and analysis of masonry structures with a focus on seismic resistance. The first model represents unreinforced masonry, while the second model represents confined masonry. The 3Muri software enabled a detailed simulation of the structure's behavior using the pushover analysis. In the last section of the thesis, the results of the analytical calculation are compared with the results of the numerical models developed in 3Muri. The conclusions of the thesis emphasize the importance of proper design and reinforcement of masonry buildings to enhance their seismic resistance and ensure the safety of residents. The thesis also highlights the usefulness of the 3Muri software in evaluating and improving the seismic performance of existing buildings
Water loss management in the water supply system of the town of bjelovar
No full textOvaj završni rad bavi se temom upravljanja vodnim gubicima u vodoopskrbnom sustavu grada Bjelovara. Kroz analizu zakonodavnih okvira i trenutnog stanja gubitaka vode u Hrvatskoj, uz usporedbu s drugim europskim zemljama, istražuju se učinkovite strategije za smanjenje vodnih gubitaka. U središnjem dijelu rada detaljno je razrađen program smanjenja gubitaka vode, s posebnim naglaskom na detekciju i kontrolu curenja u vodoopskrbnom sustavu grada Bjelovara. Osim toga, obrađena je važnost ljudskih resursa u održavanju i unapređenju vodnih tehnologija, kao i ključna uloga digitalizacije, posebno primjene GIS sustava, u borbi protiv gubitaka vode. Zaključak rada naglašava potrebu za integriranim pristupom koji uključuje zakonodavne mjere, tehnološke inovacije i razvoj ljudskih resursa kako bi se osigurala dugoročna održivost i učinkovitost vodoopskrbnog sustava.This thesis addresses the issue of water loss management in the water supply system of the city of Bjelovar. Through the analysis of legislative frameworks and the current state of water losses in Croatia, compared with other European countries, effective strategies for reducing water losses are explored. The central part of the thesis provides a detailed elaboration of the water loss reduction program, with a specific focus on the detection and control of leaks in the water supply system of the city of Bjelovar. Additionally, the importance of human resources in maintaining and improving water technologies is discussed, as well as the crucial role of digitalization, particularly the application of GIS systems, in combating water losses. The conclusion emphasizes the need for an integrated approach that includes legislative measures, technological innovations, and human resource development to ensure the long-term sustainability and efficiency of the water supply system
Application of specialized software for railway design
No full textRazvoj tehnologije svakim danom sve je veći i omogućuje nam jednostavniji i kvalitetniji način rada, kako u drugim profesijama tako i u građevinarstvu. Primjena novijih specijaliziranih softvera primjerenih određenoj grani građevinarstava osigurava porast kvalitete, efikasnosti i brzine rada. Građevinarstvo se i dalje smatra tradicionalnom djelatnosti s velikim broj sudionika na pojedinom građevinskom projektu. Uslijed nekontinuirane razmjene podataka između sudionika i unutar raznih faza projekata može doći do pojave grešaka i potrebe za pronalaženjem novih rješenja, većih troškova i prekoračenja rokova. Takve posljedice smanjile
bi se primjenom BIM pristupa radu. Ovim diplomskim radom izrađen je glavni projekt za rekonstrukciju željezničke pruge od
Dravskog mosta do željezničkog mosta na Staroj Dravi na dionici Osijek – Beli Manastir. Cilj projektnog zadatka je modernizacija željezničke pruge kojim bi se povećala brzina, sigurnost i udobnost vožnje. Za potrebe projektiranja primijenio se specijalizirani softver iz domene BIM alata dostupnih za projektiranje infrastrukture - Civil 3D.The development of technology is increasing every day and enables us to work in a simpler and better way, in various professions and also in construction. The use of newer specialized software suitable for a certain branch of construction ensures an increase in quality, efficiency and work speed. Construction is still considered a traditional activity with a large number of participants in an individual construction project. Due to non-continuous exchange of data between participants
and within various project phases, errors may occur and new solutions are needed, costs are higher and deadlines exceeded. Such consequences would be reduced with application of BIM approach. With this thesis, the main project for the reconstruction of the railway line from the Drava bridge to the railway bridge on the Stara Drava on the section Osijek - Beli Manastir was created. The goal of the project task was to modernize the railway line, which would increase the speed, safety and comfort of driving. Specialized software from the domain of BIM tools available for infrastructure design - Civil 3D was used for the design purposes
Alternative methods of moisture determination
No full textVlažnost je jedno od osnovnih svojstava tla koje utječe na ostala fizička i mehanička svojstva. Ispitivanje vlažnosti uobičajeno je normirani laboratorijski postupak koji traje 16-24h. Alternativnim metodama, odnosno metodom mikrovalne pećnice i metodom plamenika, omogućava se mobilno ispitivanje vlažnosti uz skraćeno vrijeme ispitivanja na desetak minuta. Vlastitim ispitivanjem nekoherentnih i koherentnih uzoraka standardnom metodom sušionika te alternativnim metodama prikazani su rezultati, statistička obrada i primjenjivost alternativnih metoda pojedinih vrsta tla uz opasku u vezi poboljšanja normi. Na temelju statističke obrade prikazane su korelacijske krivulje za nekoherentne materijale.Moisture is a fundamental property of soil that influences its other physical and mechanical characteristics. The determination of soil moisture content is typically conducted through a standardized laboratory procedure that takes 16-24 hours. Alternative methods, such as the microwave oven method and the rapid method, enable mobile moisture testing with a significantly reduced testing time of approximately ten minutes. By conducting tests on both cohesive and non-cohesive soil samples using the standard oven-drying method and alternative methods, results, statistical analyses, and the applicability of alternative methods to specific soil types were presented, including suggestions for improving current standards. Correlation curves for non-cohesive materials were derived based on the statistical analysis