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Verbal and Psychological Violence Among Minor Internet Users
Get PDFThe chapter contains a discussion of the results of the authors’ research on Internet threats and the safety of children and youth of primary and junior high schools on the Internet, with a particular emphasis on situations presenting signs of cyberbullying.Artykuł zawiera omówienie wyników badań własnych dotyczących zagrożeń internetowych oraz bezpieczeństwa dzieci i młodzieży szkół podstawowych i gimnazjalnych w Internecie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sytuacji niosących znamiona cyberprzemocy.Der Artikel erörtert die Ergebnisse der eigenen Forschung des Autors über die Internetbedrohungen und die Sicherheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen der Primar- und Sekundarstufe I im Internet, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Situationen, die die Merkmale von Cybermobbing aufweisen.В статье обсуждаются результаты собственного исследования автора, посвященного онлайн-угрозам и безопасности детей и подростков младшего и среднего школьного возраста в Интернете, с особенным вниманием к ситуациям, имеющим признаки кибербуллинга.El artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación del autor sobre las amenazas en línea y la seguridad de los niños y adolescentes de primaria y secundaria en Internet, con especial atención a las situaciones que muestran las características del ciberacoso
Characteristics of a trauma paediatric patient transported by emergency medical services: a retrospective analysis
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Injuries represent a widespread health problem worldwide and are the leading cause of both mortality and morbidity among children worldwide. This study examines the temporal trends of injured children transported by ambulance with the retrospective analysis of prehospital medical treatment and care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed all trauma patients transported by ambulance to the Emergency Department in the Paediatric Teaching Hospital of the University Clinical Centre of the Medical University of Warsaw in 2021. Analysis was restricted to a cohort of patients with arrival in ambulances before hospitalisation. A total of 981 patients met these criteria and were included in the analysis. Patient data was analyzed with respect of age, gender, location of the event, trauma mechanism, presence of alcohol or recreational drugs, suspicion of suicide, localisation and character of trauma, vital signs, signs and symptoms, pain assessment, treatment and procedures, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. The relationships between the variables were examined using the dependence χ2 test, while the strength was investigated using the Cramer’s V coefficient. RESULTS: Males comprised 58% of the patient population, with a predominance in all age groups. Head trauma was the most frequently diagnosed injury. Accidents were the primary cause of injury, occurring frequently both in domestic and public settings. The specific cause of the injury varied according to the age and gender. A slightly higher volume of patients was observed on weekends and during the day compared to weekdays and regular business hours. Most of the injured children were transported by paramedic emergency medical services. Pain (66.36%) was the most prevalent symptom, followed by bleeding (18.04%). Approximately 6.12% of the patients required hospitalisation for at least 24 hours. The relationship between the child's age and the mechanism of the injuries is statistically significant [χ2 = 290,144; degrees of freedom (df) = 27; p < 0,05] and the association is medium [Cramer’s V coefficient = 0,314]. The relationship between the child's gender and the mechanism of injuries is statistically significant [χ2 = 37,844; degrees of freedom (df) = 9; p < 0,05]. CONCLUSIONS: Severe injuries in children are rare. Boys experience more injuries than girls. A significant portion of injuries occur at home. The mechanism of injury is correlated with age group and gender, but falls from height are the most common. Peak times are during the day and in the summer months, which should be taken into account for personnel planning. The improvement of the safety of children must continue
The Place of Poland in Europe in the Oppositional Political Thought of the Late Polish People’s Republic
No full textThis is a review of an anthology of papers written by representa tives of the anti-communist and democratic opposition in Poland during communism. The book "Miejsce Polski w Europie. Kwestie międzynarodowe w myśli politycznej opozycji demokratycznej w latach 1976–1989"[Place of Poland in Europe: International Issues in Political Thought of Democratic Opposition in Years 1976–1989] is edited by Tomasz Kozłowski, Jakub Kufel, Jan Olaszek, and Przemysław Ruchlewski. This anthology is divided into two parts: „Pre-August Opposition” and „Decade of Solidarity, 1980–1989”. The editors have selected papers referring mainly to German-Polish relations and the place of Poland in Europe
Podstawa stosowania mechanizmów związanych z redukcją wielości ocen w kontekście zagadnienia wymiaru kary w świetle ostatnich nowelizacji Kodeksu karnego
Get PDFThis article discusses the issues of mechanisms related to the reduction of the multiplicity of assessments in comparison with issues related to the imposition of a penalty. The author outlines the problems that have arisen – on the basis of recent amendments – in order to answer the question: how the application of mechanisms for reducing the number of assessments affects on the punishment? At the same time, the author points out that aggravating and mitigating circumstances that have been added to the criminal act may additionally complicate the matter, after all – depending on the assessment – they will be features that modify prohibited acts, which will additionally aggravate criminal liability in each case
Educating Cancer on TikTok: Expanding Online Self-Disclosure of Cancer Patients
Get PDFThe article uses the concept of online self-disclosure and examines whether TikTok videos reveal information similar to what is reported in existing research on social media within this field. In addition, the study aims to identify the creators’ motivations and the meanings they attribute to disclosing cancer and asks whether this disclosure challenges or supports the concept of a positive culture defined within the online self-disclosure framework. While similar research typically focuses on posts and is thus limited, this study combines conventional content analysis of 862 videos with in-depth interviews, offering a more nuanced understanding of the users’ lived experience. The findings highlight that TikTok is a platform for negative (e.g., fears, anxiety) and positive self-disclosure (e.g., joyful life events, self-acceptance). What is crucial, though, is that users feel exceedingly competent in educating others. The research debunks positive culture as an overly general category and undermines the traditional understanding of online self-disclosure. It reveals that seeking support is less important for patients than informing and warning others. By focusing on the educational meanings attributed to self-disclosure, this study enriches the body of research on cancer-related content shared on TikTok, including studies on low-quality cancer-related information.Dofinansowano ze środków Ministra Nauki w ramach Programu „Regionalna inicjatywa doskonałości”
Innovative concepts of education popularized in Galician women’s magazines from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries
Get PDFCel. Na przełomie XIX i XX wieku w całej Europie popularne stały się idee „nowego wychowania”. Jego propagatorzy przekonywali o konieczności zapewnienia dzieciom odpowiednich warunków życia, prawidłowej pielęgnacji oraz stosowania metod wychowawczych zapewniających im wszechstronny rozwój. Podkreślali również ogromne znaczenie rozwoju indywidualnych predyspozycji każdego dziecka. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu zobrazowanie przenikania koncepcji „nowego wychowania” na teren Galicji poprzez popularyzowanie nowatorskich treści w prasie kobiecej z przełomu XIX i XX wieku. Poprzez analizę treści artykułów publikowanych na łamach czasopism kobiecych ukazujących się w tym czasie w Galicji podjęto próbę syntetycznego ukazania najistotniejszych wątków dotyczących wychowania dzieci i młodzieży zgodnie z ideą „nowego wychowania”. Artykuł może stanowić materiał porównawczy do sytuacji w innych zaborach. Metody i materiały. Zastosowano analizę jakościową treści i przegląd literatury przedmiotu. Podstawowym źródłem badawczym są artykuły zamieszczone w wybranych czasopismach kobiecych ukazujących się w Galicji na przełomie XIX i XX wieku. Uwzględniono czasopisma, które były wydawane najdłużej (kilka lat). Wnioski. Galicyjska prasa kobieca na przełomie XIX i XX wieku dość często podejmowała zagadnienie wychowania dzieci. Wśród publikowanych treści znajdowały się koncepcje „nowego wychowania”. Artykuły miały najczęściej formę porad i wskazówek dla matek. Autorzy tekstów przekonywali o konieczności zapewnienia dzieciom odpowiednich warunków do życia i zdrowia oraz wszechstronnego rozwoju. Pisano o znaczeniu pielęgnacji niemowląt oraz udzielano porad, jak zapewnić harmonijny rozwój dziecka we wszystkich sferach. Zaczęto zwracać uwagę na indywidualizm dziecka. Treści tekstów publikowanych w prasie kobiecej świadczą o przenikaniu na teren Galicji postępowych nurtów pedagogicznych.Aim. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the ideas of “new upbringing” became popular throughout Europe. Its proponents argued for the need to provide children with appropriate living conditions, proper care, and use of educational methods that would ensure their comprehensive development. They also emphasized the great importance of developing the individual predispositions of each child. This study aims to illustrate the penetration of the concept of “new upbringing” into Galicia by popularizing innovative content in women’s press from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. By analyzing the content of articles published in women’s magazines published at that time in Galicia, an attempt was made to synthetically present the most important topics regarding the upbringing of children and young persons, consistent with the idea of “new upbringing”. The article can be a comparative material for the situation in other partitions. Methods and materials. Qualitative content analysis and literature review were used. The basic research source are articles published in selected women’s magazines published in Galicia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Magazines that have been published the longest (several years) are included. Conclusion. The Galician women’s press, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, quite often addressed the issue of raising children. The published content included the concepts of “new upbringing”. The articles were most often in the form of advice and tips for mothers. The authors of the texts argued for the need to provide children with appropriate living and health conditions as well as comprehensive development. The importance of infant care was written about and advice was given on how to ensure the child’s harmonious development in all areas. Attention began to be paid to the individuality of the child. The content of texts published in women’s press testifies to the penetration of progressive pedagogical trends into Galicia
“Between cohesion and coherence” – the analysis of selected mechanisms of coherence and cohesion in children’s narratives
No full textMechanizmy spójności są ściśle związane z pojęciem tekstu, dzięki nim tekst jest odbierany jako komunikacyjna całość: znaczeniowa, gramatyczna i pragmatyczna. Właściwe stosowanie przez dzieci wykładników spójności w wypowiedziach narracyjnych stanowi istotny wskaźnik poziomu ich umiejętności komunikacyjnych i językowych. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników jakościowej analizy wybranych mechanizmów spójności na poziomie metatekstowym i leksykalno-gramatycznym w wypowiedziach narracyjnych trzech sześcioletnich dziewczynek o zbliżonych uwarunkowaniach rozwoju mowy. W pracy zostały szczegółowo omówione wykładniki spójności występujące w tekstach dzieci, między innymi leksykalne i gramatyczne wskaźniki nawiązania oraz wyrażenia metatekstowe wraz z przykładowymi kontekstami ich użycia.Mechanisms of coherence and cohesion are closely related to the concept of text because, in terms of semantics, grammatical and pragmatic factors are usually perceived as the entire expression of communication. The appropriate use of coherence markers in the utterances of children is very important, as it indicates a certain level of their language skills and communication abilities. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the qualitative analysis of selected cohesion and coherence mechanisms at the metatextual and lexical-grammatical level in the narratives of three six-year-old girls with similar speech development conditions. Furthermore, the paper elaborates on various aspects of coherence in children’s texts, including lexical and grammatical reference, as well as discourse and pragmatic markers (in Slavic linguistic tradition: metatextual expressions)
Transfert des Unités Phraséologiques (Collocations) dans la Traduction Littéraire. Études sur un Corpus du Français et sur ses Équivalents en Italien et en Polonais
No full textThis doctoral thesis aims to examine the interlingual transfer of verbal-nominal collocations in literary translation by analysing in detail 6 578 examples. The corpus of the thesis consists of the first seven novels by the contemporary French writer Michel Houellebecq published over a quarter of a century, namely between 1994 and 2019. The corpus includes the novels in their original language — French — and their translations into two other languages — Italian and Polish. Collocations, a significant topic in contemporary phraseology, are placed near the beginning of the fixedness continuum, on the side of free lexical combinations (Sułkowska, 2017). Perko (2011) states that the boundary between collocations and more fixed phraseological units is as blurred as the boundary between collocations and free lexical combinations. Collocations are minimally phraseological, meaning they are preferred over free structures with similar meanings (Pęzik, 2018). These multi-word combinations are a less stereotypical class of phraseological units, which makes their belonging to the field of phraseology less obvious. Legallois and Tutin (2013) note that linguistic research often focuses on non-transparent and figurative expressions, considered prototypical of phraseology, at the expense of highly productive collocations. Kazlauskienė (2021) defines collocation as the frequent co-occurrence of two lexemes, while Diagne (2018) describes it as a systematic bond forming between frequently co-occurring elements, reflecting linguistic idiosyncrasies specific to a language. The thesis aims to identify and describe techniques for translating verbal-nominal collocations from French into Italian and Polish. Translation techniques here refer to the linguistic means by which phraseological units are transferred (Golda & Mężyk, 2021). The choice of languages was deliberate: Italian, a Romance language like French, and Polish, a Slavic language genetically more distant from the source language. The thesis explores the regularity of translation solutions across different aspects and subtypes of collocations. It analyses the influence of syntactic structure, semantic classes, and translator preferences in using specific techniques. The thesis also examines the recurrence of collocations and compares the frequency of translation techniques of the collocations used once and multiple times. The thesis comprises three main parts. The theoretical part reviews linguistic literature, presenting key concepts in phraseology and discussing translation, focusing phraseotranslation, a new sub-discipline of phraseology proposed by Sułkowska (2016). The methodological part presents the trilingual literary corpus and the biography of Houellebecq. It details all the phases that enabled the extraction of the collocation combinations and their subsequent juxtaposition with their equivalents. The results are presented in a trilingual table, including all the research data, additional tags, and descriptions. The analytical part has two chapters: the first describes fifteen techniques for transferring verbal-nominal collocations; the second discusses the frequency of each technique, considering various factors and unit categories. The thesis also includes an introduction, conclusion, bibliography, and an appendix with both physical and virtual material available online
Photochemical cyclopropanation in aqueous micellar media – experimental and theoretical studies
Get PDFWhile in nature, reactions occur in water-based confined compartments, for a long time, water has been often regarded as an unsuitable medium for organic reactions. We have, however, found that photochemical cyclopropanation of styrenes with diazo compounds or their precursors can be performed in micellar systems. COSMO-RS studies revealed that the reactivity correlates with the predicted critical micelle concentration (CMC), with higher CMC values delivering higher yields.European Union, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 956324 (MSCA ITN: PhotoReAct);
National Science Centre, Maestro UMO-2020-38/A/ST4/0018
Carboxylated pillar[5]arene cavity accommodates organic cations in the host-guest complexes
Get PDFThe electron-rich cavity of carboxylated pillar[5]arene efficiently encapsulates cationic guest molecules within supramolecular assemblies. In this study we provide evidence of the host-guest complexation between carboxylated pillar[5]arene and benzamidine, a competitive inhibitor of serine proteases. We show the unexpected inclusion of the polar amidinium functionality within the central cavity of the macrocyclic host sustained by N+-H⋅⋅⋅π and cation⋅⋅⋅π interactions. In addition to the incavity complexation, simultaneous external binding of bipyridinium guests with varying stoichiometries has been observed. The interesting aspect is the inclusion of a hydrogen bonded pair of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene guests into pillar[5]arene cavity. Additional insights into inclusion characteristics are provided by NMR and ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) studies, offering information for the solution/gas phase and enabling a comprehensive description of the complexation process across different phases. This work expands the portfolio of cationic guest molecules capable of being encapsulated by carboxylated pillar[5]arene, showing new promises and directions for their inclusion and self-assembly behavior.National Science Centre of Poland
(grant PRELUDIUM 14 nr 2017/27/N/ST5/01931);
Polish high-performance computing infrastructure PLGrid
(HPC Centers: ACK Cyfronet AGH)
computational grant no. PLG/2024/01692
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