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A Progressive Formalization of Tacit Knowledge to Improve Semantic Expressiveness of Biodiversity Data
No full textThe majority of biodiversity data available on the Web are structured, lacking unstructured features such as tacit knowledge, images, audios, text documents, among others. Tacit knowledge can be used to add more expressiveness to ontologies. To achieve that, the knowledge needs to be elicited and formalized and further incorporated into an ontology. This paper aims to present a Progressive Formalization Schema (PFS) to formalize tacit knowledge into different levels of granularity. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Air transportation, population density and temperature predict the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil
No full textMetals, n-Alkanes, Hopanes, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Sediments from Three Amazonian Streams Crossing Manaus (Brazil)
No full textTwo novel species of Lactifluus subg. Pseudogymnocarpi (Russulaceae) from Brazil
No full textTwo new species in Lactifluus subg. Pseudogymnocarpi, Lf. umbilicatus and Lf. venosellus were collected from Amazonian and Atlantic forests of Brazil, respectively. Detailed macro- and micromorphological descriptions, including scanning electron microscopy images of the basidiospores, are provided. The putative phylogenetic placement of these taxa was investigated based on ITS sequence analyses. Comparisons with related taxa are discussed. Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press
Streamflow intensification driven by the atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) in the atrato river basin, Northwestern Colombia
No full textThe impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on the variations in the streamflow in the Atrato River Basin (ARB) during the 1965-2016 period was analyzed here by considering the cold (1965-1994) and warm (1995-2015) phases of this oscillation. The mean streamflow increased after 1994 (AMO phase change). This increase is related to the strengthening of the zonal gradients of the sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) between the tropical central Pacific and the tropical Atlantic after 1994 (warm AMO phase). These gradients contributed to strengthen the Walker cell related upward movement over northern and northwestern South America, in particular during November-December (ND). Consistently, the frequency (R20 mm) and intensity (SDII) of extreme daily rainfall events increased during the 1995-2015 period. Our results show a connection between theAMOand the increase in the streamflow in the ARB during the last five decades. These results contribute to the studies of resilience and climate adaptation in the region. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes to the Atmosphere From Waters Within Flooded Forests in the Amazon Basin
No full textInundated tropical forests are underrepresented in analyses of the global carbon cycle and constitute 80% of the surface area of aquatic environments in the lowland Amazon basin. Diel variations in CO2 concentrations and exchanges with the atmosphere were investigated from August 2014 to September 2016 in two flooded forests sites with different wind exposure within the central Amazon floodplain (3°23′S, 60°18′W). CO2 profiles and estimates of air–water gas exchange were combined with ancillary environmental measurements. Surface CO2 concentrations ranged from 19 to 329 μM, CO2 fluxes ranged from −0.8 to 55 mmol m−2 hr−1 and gas transfer velocities ranged from 0.2 to 17 cm hr−1. CO2 concentrations and fluxes were highest during the high water period. CO2 fluxes were three times higher at a site with more wind exposure (WE) compared to one with less exposure (WP). Emissions were higher at the WP site during the day, whereas they were higher at night at the WE site due to vertical mixing. CO2 concentrations and fluxes were lower at the W P site following an extended period of exceptionally low water. The CO2 flux from the water in the flooded forest was about half of the net primary production of the forest estimated from the literature. Mean daily fluxes measured in our study (182 ± 247 mmol m−2d−1) are higher than or similar to the few other measurements in waters within tropical and subtropical flooded forests and highlight the importance of flooded forests in carbon budgets. ©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved
Systematics and biogeography of Salina MacGillivray (Collembola: Entomobryoidea), with emphasis on the species groups in the New World
No full textNine new species of the collembolan genus Salina MacGillivray from South America are described and illustrated. Two Neotropical species were recorded for the first time from Brazil: S. dedoris Mari-Mutt and S.Tristani Denis. Salina was previously known to occur in three Brazilian states, and this is now updated to include 19 states with 12 recorded species. A new proposal of morphological character description and illustration, and an identification key for the celebensis group are provided. A hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationships among 34 species of Salina (about 50% of the 72 described species) allowed three main pursuits: (a) a reevaluation of Salina species groups; (b) the first explicit interpretation of how morphological characters of these springtails may have changed during the course of the diversification of the taxon; and (c) an evaluation of the historical biogeographic connections of Salina, with an emphasis on the celebensis group distribution to the New World. © 2018 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden
Review of eyeless Pseudosinella Schäffer (Collembola, entomobryidae, and lepidocyrtinae) from Brazilian caves
No full textHerein, eyeless Pseudosinella species from Brazilian caves are reviewed, including the description of 23 new species, new records plus additional notes on the descriptions of P. ambigua Zeppelini, Brito, and Lima and of P. guanhaensis Zeppelini, Brito, and Lima. We also provide an identification key to 27 eyeless species recorded from Brazil. To organize the 26 Brazilian eyeless taxa analyzed in this work, we organize them in apparently artificial groups: 11 species have one larger tooth on the unguiculus outer lamella (petterseni group); one presents unguiculus outer lamella smooth or serrated (never with a larger tooth), with 9 held prelabral chaetae undivided and the last 6 held prelabral chaetae bifurcated. The Brazilian species of eyeless Pseudosinella herein described present a remarkably conservate dorsal chaetotaxy; therefore, the main diagnostic characters are related to other features like prelabral, labral, and ventral head chaetotaxy and empodial complex morphology. In addition, our study suggests that Brazilian caves possibly shelter a great diversity of Pseudosinella taxa, several of them potentially cave dependent. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
