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CAPACIDADE DE SECREÇÃO DE LACASES PELO ISOLADO AMAZÔNICO Panus tephroleucus (MONT.) T.W. MAY & A. E. WOOD EM CULTIVO SUBMERSO
No full textPadrões de crescimento diamétrico em comunidades arbóreas com diferentes gradientes de perturbação na Amazônia Central
Get PDFAbout 1860 trees with dendrometric bands were monitored bi-monthly for a period of two years in a terra firme forest in Central Amazonia, from three different scenarios: secondary forests (capoeiras), forest fragments and continuous forests. The effects of intrannual variations and seasonality on the diametric growth a among the communities were analyzed, correlating them with climatic characteristics (temperature and precipitation), canopy opening, wood density and floristic composition. The differences between the environments were also evaluated regarding the rate of accumulation of biomass associated with the diametric growth of the individuals. The diametric growth was higher in capoeiras when compared to forest fragments and continuous forests. Conversely, the capoeiras had the lowest rate of accumulation of biomass in relation to the others. This difference between capoeiras and other environments is mainly due to the different compositional patterns between them. The wood density and the floristic composition observed in areas of forest fragments and continuous forest were similar while the capoeiras presented different floristic composition, with higher number of low density wood species. Influence of the canopy opening for the increment was similar between the three environments and therefore we infer that its importance for the different diametric growth patterns was of minor importance. The similarity on tree diametric growth and biomass accumulation between fragments and continuous forests indicates that these fragments maintain vegetative patterns similar to pristine forests. Proximity to continuous forests and tree acclimatization capacity in fragmented environments are amongst the possible explanations for this result. Precipitation patterns positively influenced growth and biomass patterns for the three environments and were more important than temperature, although both were not significant. Possibly stronger trends of these variables, especially precipitation, would be observed if the series of growth data were larger than two years. We therefore suggest that changes in rainfall regimes for the Amazon should have important consequences for the biome's role in the accumulation and stock of carbon. These results provide a detailed initial view of the sensitivity of trees to intra annual climate changes in areas with different degree of atropic disturbance and floristic composition. In the long term, this study can provide predictions about the growth response and biomass accumulation in forests that have undergone some degree of disturbance in relation to future climate change scenarios.Foram monitoradas bimensalmente cerca de 1.860 árvores com bandas dendrométricas durante um período de dois anos em uma floresta de terra firme na Amazônia Central em três cenários: florestas secundárias (capoeiras), fragmentos florestais e florestas primárias (contínuas). Foram analisados os efeitos das variações intranuais e sazonalidade no incremento diamétrico entre as comunidades, correlacionando-as com as características climáticas (temperatura e precipitação), abertura de dossel, densidade da madeira e composição florística. Foram avaliadas também as diferenças entre os ambientes quanto ao acúmulo de biomassa associada ao incremento diamétrico dos indivíduos. O incremento diamétrico foi maior em capoeiras quando comparado com fragmentos florestais e florestas contínuas. Inversamente, as capoeiras apresentaram o menor acúmulo de biomassa em relação às demais. Essa diferença entre capoeiras e os outros ambientes se deve principalmente aos distintos padrões composicionais entre eles. A densidade da madeira e a composição florística observada em áreas de fragmentos florestais e floresta contínua foram semelhantes enquanto as capoeiras apresentam composição florística diferente com maior número de espécies de baixa densidade da madeira. A influência da abertura de dossel para o incremento foi similar entre os três ambientes e inferimos que a sua importância para os diferentes padrões de crescimento diamétrico foi menor. A semelhança quanto ao incremento diamétrico e acúmulo de biomassa entre fragmentos e florestas contínuas indicam que esses fragmentos mantêm padrões vegetacionais similares à florestas pristinas. A proximidade de florestas contínuas e capacidade de aclimatação das árvores nos ambientes fragmentados estão entre as possíveis explicações para esse resultado. Padrões de precipitação influenciaram positivamente padrões de incremento e biomassa para os três ambientes e foram mais importantes que temperatura, embora ambos não sejam significativos. Possivelmente tendências mais fortes dessas variáveis, principalmente precipitação, seriam observadas caso a série de dados de crescimento fosse superior a dois anos. Sugerimos que mudanças nos regimes de chuva para Amazônia devem ter consequências importantes para o papel do bioma no acúmulo e estoque de carbono. Estes resultados fornecem uma visão inicial detalhada da sensibilidade das árvores em relação às alterações climáticas intranuais em áreas com diferentes históricos de uso e composição florística. Em longo prazo este estudo pode fornecer predições sobre a resposta do crescimento e acúmulo de biomassa em florestas que sofreram algum grau de perturbação em relação a futuros cenários de mudanças climáticas
Parque Nacional Serra da Mocidade: Notas sobre os aspectos históricos, identidade paisagística e rotas fluviais
No full textAnálise florística e estrutural de uma área de manejo florestal no Amazonas: estudo de caso de Mezilaurus itauba (Meisn.) Taub. ex Mez
Get PDFThe Amazon rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest reserve the world and because of its extension and the complexity associated with forest inventories, it has many gaps about its knowledge. In order to increase this knowledge, characterization and analysis of the horizontal structure of the tree vegetation community in “terra firme” forest in the Itacoatiara, Silves and Itapiranga region, in the state of Amazonas (AM) was carried out. It is an area of concession of forest management belonging to Precious Woods Amazon company. The data used are derived from forest inventory, carried out in 2010 by the Forest Management Laboratory (LMF) team located at the National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA). There were 14,426 arboreal individuals, distributed in 236 species, 157 genera and 55 botanical families. From these individuals, 4,835 were determined at specific level, 8,098 at generic level, 1,288 only as a family, 175 only by popular name and 30 samples have no identification. The families with the greatest genera diversity were: Fabaceae (26), Euphobiaceae (10), Annonaceae (7), Apocynaceae (7) and Arecaceae (7). The five families that presented the highest number of individuals were: Sapotaceae (1,908), Lecythidaceae (1,759), Burseraceae (1,414), Fabaceae (1,380) and Lauraceae (1,056) a total of more than 52% of the individuals sampled. Such families were followed by Chrysobalanaceae (753), Arecaceae (707), Annonaceae (666), Euphorbiaceae (516) and Moraceae (472). The ten mentioned families totalize approximately 80% of the individuals found in the area. On the other hand, Ebenaceae, Calophyllaceae, Ochnaceae and Bixaceae contributed with only one individual each. The species accumulation curves (collector curve) for both species and botanical families showed that the samplings were sufficient to characterize the floristic composition of the study area. With the inclusion of the last 12 plots (10% of the sampled area), there was an increase of only six species (1.9% of area wealth) and only one new botanical family (0.6%). It was possible to observe the formation of two groups with similarity around 45% by the grouping method UPGMA. No association between these two groups was observed within the years of the exploration, however, there is a clear relationship between the groups and the species richness. The diversity of the study area, according to the Shannon index (H '), was of 4,12 ± 0,08 demonstrating a great diversity of species in
comparison with other studies realized in the Amazon. The diameter distribution of the individuals followed the typical pattern found in tropical natural forests, called "Reverse J". In this dissertation, a case study was also carried out with the species Mezilaurus itauba, included in the list of endangered species of IUCN. The objective was to verify if the identified trees in the forest inventory to the name of M. itauba corresponded exactly to this species or to others and how many species were included in this identification. Collections of botanical material from the specimens cited by the loggers as M. itauba were carried out to confirm the identification. A total of 72 samples were obtained, of which 40% were of the species M. duckei (29 individuals), 38% of M. itauba (27 ind.), 18% of M. synandra (13 ind.), Licaria sp 1. (3%) and Licaria sp 2. (1%). The diameter distribution of the individuals of Mezilaurus spp. also followed the negative exponential pattern, but the first two classes showed very similar values. According to the criteria of IUCN (2001) M. synandra should be considered Least Concern (LC), because it presents a wide distribution and in different habitats in Brazil. Mezilaurus duckei is restricted to the state of Amazonas and despite the contribution of the present study, it still has few collections. Due to its narrow distribution, it needs further study, and the species should be considered as Data Deficient (DD). The M. itauba species should no longer be considered Vulnerable (VU) and should be categorized as Least Concern (LC), since it has a wide distribution in Brazil and other Amazonian countries.A floresta amazônica é considerada a maior reserva de floresta tropical contínua do mundo e em razão de sua extensão e a complexidade associada à realização de inventários florestais, a mesma possui muitas lacunas sobre seu conhecimento. Com o objetivo de ampliar esse conhecimento, foi realizada a caracterização e a análise da estrutura horizontal da comunidade de vegetação arbórea em floresta de terra firme na região de Itacoatiara, Silves e Itapiranga, no estado do Amazonas (AM). Trata-se de uma área de concessão de manejo florestal pertencente à empresa Precious Woods Amazon (Mil Madeiras da Amazônia). Os dados utilizados são decorrentes de inventário florestal, realizado no ano de 2010 pela equipe do Laboratório de Manejo Florestal (LMF) localizado no Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). Foram registrados 14.426 indivíduos arbóreos, distribuídos em 236 espécies, 157 gêneros e 55 famílias botânicas. Desses indivíduos, 4.835 foram determinados em nível específico, 8.098 em nível genérico, 1.288 apenas como família, 175 somente por nome popular e 30 registros não tem qualquer identificação. As famílias com maior diversidade de gênero foram: Fabaceae (26), Euphobiaceae (10), Annonaceae (7), Apocynaceae (7) e Arecaceae (7). As cinco famílias que apresentaram maior número de indivíduos foram: Sapotaceae (1.908), Lecythidaceae (1.759), Burseraceae (1.414), Fabaceae (1.380) e Lauraceae (1.056) totalizando mais de 52% dos indivíduos amostrados. Tais famílias foram seguidas de Chrysobalanaceae (753), Arecaceae (707), Annonaceae (666), Euphorbiaceae (516) e Moraceae (472). As dez famílias citadas perfazem, aproximadamente 80% dos indivíduos encontrados na área. Por outro lado, Ebenaceae, Calophyllaceae, Ochnaceae e Bixaceae contribuíram com apenas um indivíduo cada. As curvas de acumulação de espécies (curva do coletor), tanto para as espécies como para famílias botânicas, demonstraram que as amostragens foram suficientes para caracterizar a composição florística da área de estudo. Com a inclusão das 12 últimas parcelas (10% da área amostrada), houve um incremento de apenas seis espécies (1,9% da riqueza da área) e de apenas uma nova família botânica (0,6%). Foi possível observar a formação de dois grupos com similaridade em torno de 45% pelo método de agrupamento UPGMA. Não foi observada nenhuma relação de agrupamento desses dois grupos com os anos da exploração, contudo, há uma relação bem clara entre os grupos e a riqueza de espécies. A diversidade da área de estudo, de acordo com o índice de Shannon (H’), foi de 4,12 ± 0,08 demonstrando uma grande diversidade de espécies em comparação com outros estudos realizados na Amazônia. A distribuição diamétrica dos indivíduos seguiu o padrão típico encontrado em florestas naturais tropicais, denominado “J reverso”. Na presente dissertação, foi realizado também estudo de caso com a espécie Mezilaurus itauba, inclusa na lista de espécies ameaçadas de extinção da IUCN. O objetivo foi verificar se as árvores identificadas no inventário florestal com o nome de M.s itauba correspondiam exatamente a esta espécie ou a outras e quantas espécies estavam incluídas com essa identificação. Foram realizadas coletas de material botânico dos espécimes citados pelas madeireiras como M. itauba para a confirmação da identificação. Foram obtidas 72 amostras, deste total, 40% foram da espécie M. duckei (29 indivíduos), 38% de M. itauba (27 ind.), 18% de M. synandra (13 ind.), Licaria sp 1. (3%) e Licaria sp 2. (1%). A distribuição diamétrica dos indivíduos de Mezilaurus spp. também seguiu o padrão exponencial negativo, porém as duas primeiras classes apresentaram valores muito semelhantes. Segundo os critérios da IUCN (2001) M. synandra deve ser considerada Menos Preocupante (LC), pois apresenta ampla distribuição e em diferentes habitats no Brasil. Mezilaurus duckei é restrita ao estado do Amazonas e apesar da contribuição do presente estudo, a mesma ainda possui poucas coletas. Devido a sua distribuição estreita, necessita de um estudo mais aprofundado, devendo a espécie ser considerada como Dados Deficientes (DD). A espécie M. itauba deve deixar de ser considerada vulnerável (VU) e passar a ser categorizada como menos Preocupante (LC), pois apresenta ampla distribuição no Brasil e em outros países amazônicos
New species of Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea, ‘Psocoptera’, Ptiloneuridae) from Brazil, with a checklist of all known species of the genus
No full textSeven new species of Brazilian Euplocania are described and illustrated, five species belong in the amabilis species group (Euplocania bujariensis n. sp., Euplocania cearaensis n. sp., Euplocania hutchingsi n. sp., Euplocania pseudopictaoides n. sp. and Euplocania xavieri n. sp.) one species belong in the marginata species group (Euplocania uariniensis n. sp.) and one species is not assignable to any of the known species groups of the genus. For this species, E. quinquedivisa n. sp., a new species group is here diagnosed, the quinquedivisa group. Information on sexes known and distribution is included for all known species of Euplocania. The first identification key to males of Euplocania species from Brazil is presented. Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Pres
Conhecimento tradicional e usos de copaíba pela comunidade Makuxi Darora na Savana de Roraima
No full textTambacus (Colossoma macropomum x piaractus mesopotamicus) alimentados com rações artesanais de macaxeira e soja
Get PDFThe usage of artisanal feed is an alternative that is been discussed to support household fish culture in Amazonia. Employing this strategy, however, require the adoption of some criteria for adjusting feed nutrient balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate juvenile tambacu (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) performance when fed cassava and soybean meal artisanal feed, as well to evaluate the need of its supplementation to fulfill fish amino acids, energy and macro minerals requirements. For this, 813 juveniles (48.49 ± 4.21 g) were stocked in 15 reinforced concrete ponds (earthen ground; 48.50 ± 3.61 m² x 0.8 m) and fed five different diets, in which four of them were artisanal, formulated to be isoproteic (25% CP), as follow: C1 (cassava + soybean meal + premix; as control), R1 (C1 + dicalcium phosphate), R2 (C1 + dicalcium phosphate + soybean oil), R3 (C1 + dicalcium phosphate + soybean oil + DL-methionine), and C2 (32%PB commertial extruded feed; as regional comparison parameter). After 75 days, a positive effect of dicalcium phosphate supplementation were detected (P<0.05) for weight gain, feed conversion, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio (PER). The effects of soybean oil or DL-methionine additions were not detected. Similarly, no significative differences were detected among the supplemented dicalcium phosphate artisanal feed (R1, R2 e R3) and C2, except for PER, that was lower for fish fed C2. These results have shown that there are no productive losses when juvenile tambacu are fed artisanal diets, containing only cassava, soybean meal, premix and dicalcium phosphate. © 2019, UCOPress. Cordoba University Press (UCOPress Editorial Universidad de Córdoba). All rights reserved
Larval Morphology of Suphisellus Crotch, 1873 (Coleoptera: Noteridae): Description of First Instar of S. rufipes (Sharp, 1882) with Biological Notes and Chaetotaxy Analysis
No full textThe first-instar larva of Suphisellus rufipes (Sharp, 1882) (Coleoptera: Noteridae) is described and illustrated for the first time, including morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphus. This is the first detailed larval description for the genus Suphisellus Crotch, 1873. First-instar larvae of S. rufipes can be separated from those of Suphis Aubé, 1836 and Hydrocanthus Say, 1823 by the combination of an elongate body, posterior tentorial pits contiguous to occipital foramen, antennomere 4 approximately half the length of antennomere 3, inner margin of mandible serrate, siphon elongate and pointed, and urogomphi fused along inner margin. Regarding chaetotaxy, Suphisellus differs from Suphis and Hydrocanthus in the absence of setae AB5, AB6, AB7, AB8, AB14 and AB16, likely due to the strong modification of the siphon for underwater respiration, and in the shape of setae MX4, MX5 and MX6 on the maxillary stipes, and of setae LA3 and LA6 on the prementum. © Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS
Checklist of the ichthyofauna of the Rio Negro basin in the Brazilian Amazon
Get PDFThis study presents an extensive review of published and unpublished occurrence records of fish species in the Rio Negro drainage system within the Brazilian territory. The data was gathered from two main sources: 1) litterature compilations of species occurrence records, including original descriptions and revisionary studies; and 2) specimens verification at the INPA fish collection. The results reveal a rich and diversified ichthyofauna, with 1,165 species distributed in 17 orders (+ two incertae sedis), 56 families, and 389 genera. A large portion of the fish fauna (54.3% of the species) is composed of small-sized fishes < 10 cm in standard length. The main groups are Characiformes (454 species; 39.0%), Siluriformes (416; 35.7%), Gymnotiformes (105; 9.0%), and Cichliformes (102; 8.8%). The species composition differs between the main aquatic environments, such as: main channel (159 species), lakes (296), tributary rivers (596), small streams (234), seasonal beaches (186), and rapids (41). Part of the ichthyofauna is shared with adjacent basins, such as the Orinoco, rivers of the Guiana Shield, lower Solimões/Amazonas and upper Amazonas, which contributes to the remarkable ichthyofaunal diversity of the basin. A high rate of species endemism was observed in Characidae (24), Loricariidae (18), Cichlidae (18) and Callichthyidae (18), totalling 156 species (13.4%) endemic to the basin. An estimation of the species richness for the Rio Negro basin, considering 23 published references, resulted in 1,466 and 1,759 species (Jackknife 1 and 2, respectively), which seems reasonable when considering the large number of morphotypes left out of the present list and the low sampling effort in many areas of the basin. The results presented herein provide an additional tool for environmental managers and decision makers for conservation purposes of one of the richest and most well-preserved sub-basins of the Rio Amazonas system. © Hélio Beltrão et al
