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Body-skin-language. Syphilis in the field of enunciation of clinical dermatology [Cuerpo-piel-lenguaje. La sífilis en el campo de enunciación de la dermatología clínica]
No full textThis text poses a question regarding the body as a space of medical representation, linked to the disease’s deforming effects on it in the second half of the 19thcentury, as an archive in a Colombian-Spanish documentary series. The disease produces a sound, which when listened to, tells of the traces on the body’s unsettling landscape: skin. Thus the text reveals the speaking bodies that howl about the intersubjective experiences of the disease through the mediation between doctor and patient, in which a wise discourse captures the symptoms of the pain spread over the skin of the sufferer. The latter emerges and lends a voice to their subjective experience as a platform for expression for clinical dermatological taxonomies in the second half of the 19thcentury. © Esta obra está protegida bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComer-cial 4.0 Internacional
Measurement of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum above 2.5×1018 eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory
No full textWe report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays for energies above 2.5×1018 eV based on 215,030 events recorded with zenith angles below 60°. A key feature of the work is that the estimates of the energies are independent of assumptions about the unknown hadronic physics or of the primary mass composition. The measurement is the most precise made hitherto with the accumulated exposure being so large that the measurements of the flux are dominated by systematic uncertainties except at energies above 5×1019 eV. The principal conclusions are(1) The flattening of the spectrum near 5×1018 eV, the so-called "ankle,"is confirmed.(2) The steepening of the spectrum at around 5×1019 eV is confirmed.(3) A new feature has been identified in the spectrum: in the region above the ankle the spectral index γ of the particle flux (∝E-γ) changes from 2.51±0.03 (stat)±0.05 (syst) to 3.05±0.05 (stat)±0.10 (syst) before changing sharply to 5.1±0.3 (stat)±0.1 (syst) above 5×1019 eV.(4) No evidence for any dependence of the spectrum on declination has been found other than a mild excess from the Southern Hemisphere that is consistent with the anisotropy observed above 8×1018 eV. © 2020 authors. Published by the American Physical Society
Does a life cycle assessment remain valid after 20 years? Scenario analysis with a bus stop study
No full textPurpose: The goal of this article is to find out if an old Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study remains valid or not after a period of time. To answer this we re-perform an LCA of a bus stop in the city of Barcelona that was performed about 20 years ago. Methods: The LCA of a bus stop, performed and published in 1998, is re-performed and its results compared with those of the original study, keeping the same scope of the original system. The software used by the original study was SimaPro; the data came from IVAM LCA data, BUWAL 250, IDEMAT 96 and PRe4 databases; and CML 1992 impact assessment methodology was used. The new study used thinkstep GaBi6 software; GaBi6 Professional + extension databases; and CML 2001 methodology. The assessment includes an analysis of the key influencing factors that cause the discrepancies, such as models and databases. Moreover, a specific focus on evolution of the methodologies and its influence on the results is described. A 30% of difference between results is accepted as the threshold value to be able to state that the results differ. Results and discussion: The overall results obtained in the two studies are quite similar or, at least, comparable. However, when analysing and comparing the systems disaggregated stage by stage, higher differences in each impact category are found. Therefore, the lower discrepancy at system level may be due to coincidence or compensation. The main causes of discrepancy have been found to be: (i) the update of the assessment methodologies and characterization factors, (ii) the improvement of the databases, and (iii) the change in the techno-sphere and the improvement of the environmental policies. Conclusions and recommendations: After 15–20 years, LCA results cannot be considered reliable. Results can, however, be used as an indication for the expected order of magnitude of the impacts and for the relative importance of the processes in the different life cycle stages. The comparison is made through one case study only; therefore, it can barely be used as a generalization, neither for the difference in results nor for the sources of discrepancy. Nevertheless, this type of analysis can be considered a first step in quantifying the longevity of LCA results. © 2019 Elsevier B.V
Gamification elements in software engineering context [Elementos de gamificación en el contexto de ingeniería de software]
No full textThe potential of gamification in the context of software engineering is based on the hypothesis that it can help to face the challenges related to the treatment of social and human factors. Some of these challenges influence the engagement, the communication and the motivation of software development teams, with an impact on their productivity. However, gamification is a recent research area. Therefore, it is necessary to identify essential gamification elements for the construction of gamification strategies that help to face these challenges. This paper presents an analysis of the gamification elements, based on a systematic literature review. The purpose is to determine viable gamification elements to belong to a catalog. The selection of elements is made using techniques to identify the patterns in the gamification elements most used in this context. © 2020, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved
Statistical Approaches for the Assessment of Landslide-Related Economic Losses
No full textIn this paper, different statistical approaches are employed to consider several scenarios of hazard and infrastructure vulnerability to measure the magnitude of the mass movement and quantify the economic costs. In this context, we employ the techniques of simulation bootstrap, Monte-Carlo and variance reduction in the context of Monte-Carlo in order to compare the values of the economic losses before a potential disaster in an objective, standardized and reproducible way. With the purpose to explain the proposed methodology, a case study located in one of the most landslide-prone zone of the city of Medellin-Colombia is analysed, comparing different structural scenarios for a total of 48444 exposed buildings. Also, different seismic scenarios of landslide hazard were considered, varying the horizontal acceleration (Ah) that can act as one of the triggers of the mass movement. The novel proposed methodology permits to obtain an estimation of the probable economic losses by a certain landslide, and also to get better assessments by reducing the uncertainty and compare the results between different statistical approaches, taking into account the uncertainty of the exposed building costs. It is important to mention that between the simulated scenarios the better results are shown in the bootstrap simulation and Monte-Carlo simulation with reduction of variance. The analyzed simulation methodologies provide a better estimation of economic losses for horizontal acceleration of ground between 0 g and 0.3 g. It is noticed an economic reduction of on the order of 7%, 14% and 21% in the structural scenarios 2, 3 and 4 respectively, in comparison with the current structural condition of the exposed buildings, in case of a landslide triggered by an earthquake with the maximum expected horizontal acceleration for the city. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
The export restraints policy: The reverse protectionism on the international trade
No full textCurrently, several lawsuits have been established into the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement body related with the use of some trade policies where countries block their exports abroad as a sort of protectionism which is not entirely regulated by the multilateral trading system. Therefore, this scenario is pushing states to sign particular commitments on the accession protocol of the WTO in order to be new members, besides to develop parallels legal frameworks through Free Trade Agreements (FTA) that undermine the current legal system. All these differences usually cite articles from the General Agreement and Tariffs on Trade (GATT) and others legal texts, therefore, the multilateral trading system requires to perform a new round of negotiations for adjusting some obsoletes rules, especially when considering the increase of the "reverse protectionism" due to the depletion of natural resources which leads to new challenges for international relations. Copyright © 2018 International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA)
Emotion Recognition from EEG and Facial Expressions: A Multimodal Approach
No full textThe understanding of a psychological phenomena such as emotion is of paramount importance for psychologists, since it allows to recognize a pathology and to prescribe a due treatment for a patient. While approaching this problem, mathematicians and computational science engineers have proposed different unimodal techniques for emotion recognition from voice, electroencephalography, facial expression, and physiological data. It is also well known that identifying emotions is a multimodal process. The main goal in this work is to train a computer to do so. In this paper we will present our first approach to a multimodal emotion recognition via data fusion of Electroencephalography and facial expressions. The selected strategy was a feature-level fusion of both Electroencephalography and facial microexpressions, and the classification schemes used were a neural network model and a random forest classifier. Experimental set up was out with the balanced multimodal database MAHNOB-HCI. Results are promising compared to results from other authors with a 97% of accuracy. The feature-level fusion approach used in this work improves our unimodal techniques up to 12% per emotion. Therefore, we may conclude that our simple but effective approach improves the overall results of accuracy. © 2018 IEEE
From the disjunction between passive and active instruction approaches towards their integration as an alternative for the significant learning of sustainable development [De la disyuntiva entre los enfoques de instrucción pasiva y activa hacia su integración como alternativa para un aprendizaje significativo del desarrollo sostenible]
No full textThis study aims to show how the integration of passive and active learning approaches contributes towards the significant understanding of problems associated with sustainable development. To do this, a case study from the municipality of San Miguel de Achiutla in Oaxaca, Mexico, is used as a general method, with the specific procedure including an instrument based on secondary sources representing the passive learning phase, as well as an instrument created on the basis of primary sources, designed in relation to the active learning component. The passive learning phase enabled us to identify variables pertaining to the highly vulnerable dimensions of sustainable development, and to also detect areas in which there is a deficit of information, since not all data are available, while the active learning phase revealed the causes of vulnerability from the perspective of different agents, including those who experienced the issues directly. In view of the above, we conclude that rather than being exclusive, these two different approaches should in fact be complementary. © 2018 Fundacion Infancia y Aprendizaje
Uso de las plataformas de libros electrónicos
No full textEn el siguiente video, se describe el proceso de ingreso a las plataformas de libros electrónicos que comprende, la búsqueda de títulos, la lectura en pantalla, la descarga y el préstamo de los mismos
Judicial discretion. Development of a category in continuous construction [Discrecionalidad judicial. Desarrollo de una categoría en continua construcción]
No full textThis article presents the current reality of the limits and / or autonomy that legal operators have when applying legal norms, bearing in mind that in Constitutional States judicial activity is linked to the structural commitment of the State facing the development of the social contract. Now, to approach this investigation we have decided to take as a reference the approaches of the analytical neopositivism proposed based on the conceptualization developed by Hart, and in this way we will propose an analysis of the current state of "discretion" that judicial operators have when making a decision, considered "difficult". © 2020, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved