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Incorporando la capacidad de enfriamiento del dosel arbóreo urbano en la cuantificación de servicios ecosistémicos mediante modelado bayesiano e imágenes satelitales.
No full textCONCLUSIONES
La cuantificación espacial de los servicios ecosistémicos permite identificar
áreas críticas en su provisión, visibilizar desigualdades y orientar la
planificación de nuevas plantaciones.
Las especies alóctonas muestran, en general, una mayor eficiencia en la
provisión de estos servicios.
El modelo desarrollado reproduce con precisión las temperaturas superficiales
obtenidas por Landsat 8 y estima el efecto de enfriamiento del arbolado
integrando datos satelitales y LiDAR.
A futuro, se plantea incorporar técnicas automáticas y aprendizaje automático
para mejorar la modelación de las dinámicas del enfriamiento vegetal.La crisis climática y el cambio global demandan, en la actualidad, la adopción de nuevas soluciones tanto para su mitigación como para la adaptación (IPCC, 2023). En este marco, el arbolado urbano contribuye con servicios ecosistémicos esenciales que promueven el bienestar en las ciudades (Lovell et al., 2013). Según Haines-Young (2023), los servicios ecosistémicos se clasifican en tres grandes categorías: aprovisionamiento, regulación y culturales. En entornos urbanos, es prioritario promover servicios que operan a microescala, como la
reducción de la contaminación, la disminución de la escorrentía y la mejora del confort térmico, contribuyendo así a mitigar el efecto de las islas de calor urbano (Oke et al., 2017). En el presente trabajo se combinan datos satelitales y Modelos Jerárquicos Bayesianos que permiten una cuantificación completa de la incertidumbre, para cuantificar la capacidad de enfriamiento asociada al incremento de la cobertura de dosel arbóreo tras considerar otros factores que intervienen en la distribución de la temperatura de la superficie terrestre
Resilience of striatal synaptic plasticity over early structural adaptations in premotor parkinsonism
Get PDFParkinson's disease has a long premotor phase with ongoing dopaminergic degeneration, yet its compensatory mechanisms remain unclear. Using a rat model with A53T α-synuclein overexpression in the substantia nigra, we analyzed striatal synaptic changes at 72 h, 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-inoculation, before motor signs appeared. Dopamine concentration decreased from 72 h, and chemical long-term potentiation was simultaneously inhibited, partially recovering by 4 weeks. At this time point, dopaminergic degeneration and post-synaptic morphological and ultrastructural dendritic spine remodelling became significant. These changes included a reduction in thin dendritic spines, an increase in mushroom spine head volume, a decrease in smooth endoplasmic reticulum-containing spines, and an increase in dendritic branching. In conclusion, impaired striatal dopaminergic neurotransmisson diminishes striatal synaptic plasticity, which can be partially restored through complex structural changes in striatal spines. These adaptations might represent fundamental homeostatic mechanisms regulating synaptic function during the premotor stage of Parkinson's disease.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)/ PI14/00763; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) PI19/0191
Optimized bifunctional CuNiMgAl catalysts for efficient synthesis of the renewable bioproduct glycerol carbonate
Get PDFThis paper presents a novel technology for converting glycerol, a byproduct of the biodiesel
industry, into glycerol carbonate, a high-value bioproduct. The effect of calcination temperature on
the synthesis of quaternary Cu-Ni-Mg-Al catalysts (MMO-Cu15Ni15-Tz) and their application in the
transesterification reaction was investigated. Glycerol conversion remained largely unaffected by
calcination temperature; however, selectivity toward glycerol carbonate was influenced. Physicochemical
analyses showed increased crystallinity and spinel phase formation with higher calcination temperatures,
resulting in lower oxide dispersion and decreased specific surface area. Nonetheless, the preservation
of nanolayer morphology and increased pore diameter maintained high conversion rates at elevated
temperatures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed Cu2+ interactions with the MgAl matrix
and the formation of a solid solution. Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance (UV-visible DR) spectroscopy
indicated the dominance of octahedrally coordinated Cu2+ and spinel phases at the highest temperature.
The MMO-Cu15Ni15-T450 catalyst exhibited the highest concentration of strong basic sites and the lowest
concentration of very strong basic sites. Acid–base characterization suggested that very strong basic sites
and abundant acid sites promote glycidol formation by glycerol carbonate decarboxylation. Calcination at 450 °C was identified as optimal, maximizing glycerol carbonate yield while minimizing byproduct formation. This work supports a biorefinery approach aligned with circular economy principles to reduce
the environmental impact of biodiesel production through the use of cost-effective catalysts and efficient processes
Entre sombras y esporas
Get PDFPrimer premio del I Concurso de Fotografía Científica de la Facultad de Ciencias de la UMA
Transformational Teacher Leadership and Physical Education Students' Intention to be Active: The Mediating Roles of Motor Self-Efficacy and Enjoyment.
Get PDFPolítica de acceso abierto tomada de: https://openpolicyfinder.jisc.ac.uk/id/publication/10321Our aim in this study was to re-analyze the relationships between teachers’ transformational leadership style and PE students’ intentions to be active, while also examining the roles of motor self-efficacy and enjoyment as potential mediators in these relationships. The 429 adolescents in our sample were aged 14–16 years (M = 14.97, SD = 0.85). To assess these variables, we used the Transformational Teaching Questionnaire (TTQ), the Motor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), the Intrinsic Satisfaction in Sport Instrument (SSI-EF), and the Intention of Being Physically Active Scale (MIFA). A structural equation model revealed significant and positive relationships between all these variables. Indirect effects were found between a transformational teacher leadership style and students’ intentions to be active, through the students’ motor self-efficacy and enjoyment as mediator variables, with enjoyment the most important mediating variable. Motor self-efficacy and enjoyment mediated the relationship between the teacher’s transformational leadership and the intention to be active, as when students enjoyed themselves and felt capable of successfully performing an activity, they were more inclined to continue practicing that physical activity. This was likely the result of the support and individualized attention the teacher provided through transformational leadership. This type of leadership fosters an environment where students feel valued and motivated, increasing their positive experiences in physical education. Therefore, in this context, it is more likely that they will develop a stronger desire to remain physically active in the future. Thus, teachers might apply transformational leadership to promote students’ increased self-efficacy and enjoyment as a means of influencing their future adherence to active leisure time behaviors
Shoulder Muscle Activity Through Surface Electromyography and Estimation of Physiological Fatigue Using the T-Fast Test in Patients With Glenohumeral Instability: A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: Electromyography has been widely used to analyze muscle activation during different tasks to establish standard patterns of muscle activity that allow the establishment of preventive strategies related to each type of motor task. The primary aim was to evaluate the muscle activity of the upper trapezius, lateral deltoid, anterior deltoid, and biceps brachii during analytical movements; and to estimate physiological fatigue from kinematic data obtained during the T‐Fast Test.
Methods: This cross‐sectional study was developed at Axarquia Hospital (Spain). The study evaluated 38 adults suffering from glenohumeral instability. Surface electromyography was used to evaluate the electrical activity, timing, and mean frequency change of the muscles around the shoulder. In addition, inertial sensors were used to assess kinematic parameters during the TFast Test.
Results: Altered patterns in muscle activity, a delay of 1.48 ± 3.69 s for activation timing, and a mean fatigue value of 18.1% ± 40.46. A significant relationship was found between the mean frequency change of the upper trapezius during flexion and the angular velocity in the Y axis during the 30″ T‐Fast Test (p = 0.044). The mean frequency change of the lateral deltoid during abduction was related to linear acceleration in the Z axis during the 30″ T‐Fast Test (p = 0.026) and 120″ T‐Fast Test (p = 0.009) and angular velocity in the Y axis during the 120″ T‐Fast Test (p = 0.032).
Discussion: This study revealed altered muscle activity patterns with high fatigue levels in glenohumeral instability and the great utility of inertial sensors to estimate physiological fatigue. Future research should be developed to determine a cut‐off time for fatigue that helps to stratify the population suffering from glenohumeral instability.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05443295Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU
Evaluating the feasibility of Managed Aquifer Recharge techniques as a drought mitigation strategy for the Seville water supply system (southern Spain)
Get PDFManaged Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is a recognised strategy for improving water security, particularly in regions facing increasing droughts and water demand due to climate change. However, gaps remain in assessing MAR feasibility through drought analysis, pilot testing, and resource availability evaluation. This study details a MAR pilot project in the Guillena-Cantillana Groundwater Body (GWB), part of the Niebla-Posadas aquifer, Seville, Spain, via storing released reservoir water for abstraction during dry episodes to evaluate its potential for mitigating supply system drought impacts. A hydroclimatic study using statistical analysis of the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) revealed increasing drought trends and favourable wet periods for MAR implementation. The analysis of historical droughts and SPEI provided key insights into the duration of recharge and extraction periods, while trend analysis helped assess the long-term availability of water resources for MAR. The pilot test involved direct gravity injection of 4183 m3 of surface water, with monitoring of water levels, electrical conductivity, pH, and concentrations of ions and metals to assess hydrodynamic and hydrochemical responses and provided data on recharge and abstraction rates. Results confirm that MAR via wells is technically and environmentally feasible in the study area, with no adverse effects on groundwater quality and sufficient aquifer recharge capacity. Hydrogeochemical modelling provided insights into recharge-groundwater interactions. This study highlights the value of hydroclimatic trend analysis, drought indices and pilot testing in MAR planning, demonstrating its potential to enhance Seville's water resilience and offer a transferable framework for similar confined aquifers worldwide.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU
Tree structural traits as a key element for ensuring socio-economic equitable access to ecosystem services.
Get PDFAchieving Sustainable Development Goal 11, which focuses on developing safe, resilient, and sustainable human settlements, requires addressing inequities in access to green spaces and urban tree cover to ensure the fair distribution of environmental benefits across socioeconomic groups. The literature consistently demonstrates that tree structural traits are key elements mediating differences in their contribution to urban well-being, as well as potential disservices. In this study, an extension to the Cooling Capacity Index (CCIT) to evaluate the cooling capacity of urban trees primarily in terms of their ability to provide shade is proposed. Bayesian Hierarchical Models were employed to comprehensively analyze disparities in access to multiple ecosystem services and exposure to biogenic volatile organic compounds emitted by urban trees by socioeconomic groups in three municipal districts of Málaga. The estimation relies on the municipal urban tree inventory, i-Tree Eco, and aerial LiDAR data. Spatial distribution patterns are intrinsically dependent on the presence of urban trees. However, certain areas with a high supply of specific ecosystem services exhibit lower availability of others, likely due to differences in tree traits. No inequities in exposure to biogenic volatile organic compounds were found between socioeconomic groups. However, inequities were identified based on income levels, the Gini index, ethnicity, and age groups, varying according to the ecosystem service assessed. These findings are essential for urban planners, providing guidance to address equity issues in future tree-planting strategies while considering that species selection and tree traits play a central role in shaping both access to benefits and exposure to disservices.Servec
Beliefs about the uncontrollability of emotions and interpersonal needs as predictors of Suicide Crisis Syndrome
Get PDFSuicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS) is an “acute” mental state characterized by intense cognitive and affective dysregulation which aims to explain the psychological processes occurring in the days or hours prior to suicide behavior. SCS has been shown to be able to predict suicide behavior, however, few studies have studied which variables predict it. In this study we examined the predictive role of beliefs about the uncontrollability of emotions and interpersonal needs on SCS. We used a sample of 276 participants (50,4% male), ranging in age from 18 to 77 years, who completed a 4-month follow-up study, to address our hypotheses. Results showed that emotional uncontrollability beliefs and perceived burdensomeness predicted SCS. Furthermore, the perception of burdensomeness at Time 1 mediated the link between uncontrollability beliefs at Time 1 and SCS at Time 2. Clinical implications of these results and future lines of research are discussed.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU
Pimenius and his network. The glocal dimension or rural Iberian churches
No full texthttps://www.routledge.com/our-products/open-access-books/publishing-oa-books/chaptersThis study explores Bishop Pimenius’ strategic utilization of relics in the 7th-century Iberian diocese of Asido. The objectives are twofold: to explore the network through which Pimenius acquired his relics and to reassess the motivations behind the bishop’s diverse use of these relics in consecrating rural churches within his episcopal jurisdiction. Geolocation and network methodologies, employing Proximal Point Analysis, were conducted to achieve the first objective. Results show that concentrations of saints venerated by Pimenius were primarily in Hispania and Gaul, challenging prior hypotheses of trans-Mediterranean connections. For the second objective, the study links Pimenius’ deposition of relics in rural churches to religious competition, considering both rivalry and collaboration among bishops. The proposed alternative scenario involves religious entrepreneurs, specifically “wandering-beggar priests”, framing the competition as a struggle between institutional power (Pimenius) and charismatic power (wandering priests). Here, we suggest that Pimenius strategically deploys relics to counteract the influence of wandering monks, empowering rural presbyters to consolidate episcopal authority