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An exploratory study about factors and outcomes associated with the experience of coercive measures in mental health settings
Get PDFCoercive measures are commonly used in mental health settings despite their negative effects. The subjective experience of coercion varies widely, and its short- and long-term health impacts are not well understood. This study aimed to analyze the association between different types of coercive measures experienced during psychiatric hospitalization, the subjective experience of coercion, and both short- and long-term health outcomes. The study included 111 patients from two mental health units who experienced coercive measures (mechanical restraint, involuntary medication, or both). Perceived coercion was assessed during hospitalization. Short-term outcomes (post-traumatic stress and treatment satisfaction) were evaluated before discharge, while long-term outcomes (functionality improvement, risk of readmission, and suicidal behavior) were assessed at five-year follow-up. Perceived coercion was associated with higher post-traumatic stress (p < 0.001) and lower satisfaction with treatment (p < 0.001) in the short term. In the long term, perceived coercion showed no association with functionality, readmission risk, or suicidal behavior. However, combined coercive measures were linked to lower functionality improvement (p = 0.028) and higher readmission risk (p = 0.028) compared to involuntary medication alone. The findings suggest that efforts to reduce negative subjective experiences associated with coercive measures may improve patient satisfaction and reduce trauma risk during hospitalization. Combined coercive measures may be a risk factor for poorer long-term outcomes and should be carefully considered.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU
FICHA Nº 12. Relación laboral especial de las personas que intervengan en operaciones mercantiles por cuenta de uno o más empresarios sin asumir el riesgo y ventura de aquéllas
No full textWEB DEL REPOSITORIO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA DONDE SE ENCUENTRA EN ABIERTO.
https://hdl.handle.net/11441/166924FICHA Nº 12. Relación laboral especial de las personas que intervengan en operaciones mercantiles por cuenta de uno o más
empresarios sin asumir el riesgo y ventura de aquéllas. PREGUNTAS TIPO TEST, PREGUNTAS DE REPASO Y CASOS PRÁCTICOS.Universidad de Sevilla
Anna Quinquaud, artista en la encrucijada, dentro de un contexto patriarcal. Entre la exaltación de las personas subalternas y el servicio al proceso colonial.
Get PDFResumen y palabras claves de la comunicación con la que se participó en el coloquio internacional y aceptada para su publicación.Los estudios desde la perspectiva de género, impulsados por Nochlin, Pollock, Parker y muchas más historiadoras feministas del arte, contribuyeron a la visibilidad de las artistas, evidenciando el contexto de desigualdad de sus trayectorias y los prejuicios hacia sus creaciones. Pero, a su vez, prosiguieron revelando otras situaciones de explotación y subordinación, las sufridas por las personas subalternas, conduciendo al análisis crítico poscolonial de sus representaciones, siguiendo las teorías de Spivak, hooks o Said.
En este estudio convergen ambos objetivos. Por una parte, acercarnos a una artista, Anna Quinquaud, dedicada a la escultura, una de las artes que se consideró menos adecuada para las mujeres. La artista marchó, a comienzos del siglo XX, a buscar la inspiración y la belleza entre la población africana, a la que acabó admirando, comprendiendo y convirtiendo en protagonista de su producción artística, con especial interés por la situación de las mujeres nativas.
No obstante, sus tres viajes, de tres años de duración, fueron impulsados por los deseos imperialistas, en este caso los de la metrópolis francesa, que subvencionó estas estancias y condicionó sus encargos. Anna contribuyó con su obra a la difusión de la imagen de personalidades relevantes de ese mundo colonial, tanto sometidos, como conquistadores, en ocasiones, con fines diplomáticos, buscando acercamientos con aquellos países aún libres del yugo europeo.
La artista, durante mucho tiempo invisibilizada, por dobles circunstancias, el ser mujer creadora y parte de esos contextos de explotación, se nos descubre como una occidental que intentó que se mirara con nuevos ojos a esa población infravalorada y que, a lo largo de todo el proceso, acabó siendo crítica con la actuación colonizadora de la Europa hegemónica.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Project-Based Learning: Teacher Perceptions and Pedagogical Implications.
Get PDFThis study is based on the development of a design focused on underlining what artificial intelligence can achieve to bring value to learning quality especially when implementing active methodologies, such as project-based learning (PBL). This study analyzed the perceptions of AI-integrated PBL versus non-AI-integrated PBL among teachers in primary, secondary, and higher education. Conducted with a sample of teachers (n = 300), this study investigated perceived effectiveness, the AI-powered personalization of learning, and motivation. A Student’s t-test, as well as normality, homogeneity of variance, and Cohen’s d tests, revealed that AI-enhanced PBL is rated significantly higher than regular PBL without AI, with a Cohen’s d effect size of 1.30, signifying a large impact. These findings underpin the development of an optimized AI-driven PBL model, particularly within both the prototype production and evaluation phases, providing greater autonomy, responsive feedback, and adaptive personalization, all towards advancing a more effective AI-supported pedagogical model of teaching
El uso de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito educativo
No full textLa inteligencia artificial (IA) está transformando significativamente el ámbito educativo, ofreciendo nuevas posibilidades para personalizar el aprendizaje y mejorar la eficiencia docente. Este capítulo examina el papel de la IA en la educación, desde sus fundamentos teóricos hasta su implementación práctica. Se analiza su evolución histórica, comenzando con la prueba de Turing en 1950 hasta los actuales sistemas de aprendizaje profundo, y se exploran los principios pedagógicos que sustentan su uso, incluyendo el conductismo, cognitivismo y constructivismo. La investigación revela beneficios significativos como la personalización del aprendizaje, la automatización de tareas administrativas y el fomento de la inclusión educativa. Sin embargo, también se identifican desafíos importantes relacionados con la privacidad de datos, la equidad en el acceso y la necesidad de formación docente. El estudio destaca la evolución del rol docente hacia facilitador y diseñador de experiencias educativas, requiriendo nuevas competencias tecnológicas, pedagógicas y éticas. Se proponen recomendaciones para una implementación efectiva, enfatizando la importancia de políticas claras, formación continua y colaboración institucional. Se concluye que la IA no constituye una solución universal, sino una herramienta que debe integrarse de manera ética y equitativa para complementar la enseñanza tradicional y promover el desarrollo integral del alumnado
Sex differences in anaerobic performance in CrossFit athletes: a comparison of three different all-out tests.
Get PDFBackground: Athletic performance can be influenced by various factors, including
those related to biological sex. Various scientific disciplines have studied the observed
differences in athletic performance between men and women. Moreover, anaerobic
performance refers to the capacity of the human body to generate energy quickly and
efficiently during high-intensity and short-duration activities. It is associated with the
ability to perform explosive actions and the capacity for rapid recovery between
repeated efforts. Anaerobic performance is a determining factor for performance in
high-intensity sports and those with predominantly lower intensity but intermittent
peaks of higher intensity. One high-intensity sport that has experienced exponential
growth and attracts increasing numbers of participants yearly is commercially known
as CrossFit (CF). Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the
anaerobic performance differences between sexes in CF athletes in terms of absolute
and relative values.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over 2 weeks. Fifty CrossFit
athletes (25 men and 25 women) voluntarily participated in the study. They were
subjected to body composition analysis and three maximal effort tests to measure
anaerobic performance: a cycle ergometer test, a continuous jump test and a squat
test.
Results: Significant differences were found in all the variables of absolute peak power
and relative to body mass in the three tests. In values adjusted to lean and muscle
mass, significant differences were only found in the cycle ergometer test but not in
the other two. In mean power variables, significant differences were found in all the
variables studied, except for the mean power adjusted to muscle mass in the squat
test. In conclusion, this study’s results indicate that differences between sexes in
absolute and relative peak powers measured in all test..
Involvement of virus infections and antiviral agents in schizophrenia
Get PDFBackground. Schizophrenia is a chronic and complex mental disorder resulting from interactions between cumulative and synergistic genetic and environmental factors. Viral infection during the prenatal stage constitutes one of the most relevant risk factors for the development of schizophrenia later in adulthood.
Methods. A narrative review was conducted to explore the link between viral infections and schizophrenia, as well as the neuropsychiatric effects of antiviral drugs, particularly in the context of this specific mental condition. Literature searches were performed using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.
Results. Several viral infections, such as herpesviruses, influenza virus, Borna disease virus, and coronaviruses, can directly or indirectly disrupt normal fetal brain development by modifying gene expression in the maternal immune system, thereby contributing to the pathophysiological symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition, neuropsychiatric effects caused by antiviral drugs are frequent and represent significant adverse outcomes for viral treatment.
Conclusions. Epidemiological evidence suggests a potential relationship between viruses and schizophrenia. Increases in inflammatory cytokine levels and changes in the expression of key genes observed in several viral infections may constitute potential links between these viral infections and schizophrenia. Furthermore, antivirals may affect the central nervous system, although for most drugs, their mechanisms of action are still unclear, and a strong relationship between antivirals and schizophrenia has not yet been established.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga
Systematic review on the efficacy of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
Get PDFLos trastornos depresivos presentan un curso crónico caracterizado por las recaídas y los síntomas residuales; además, presentan una elevada prevalencia en la población mundial. La MBCT fue creada con el objetivo de tratar estos síntomas residuales y, así, reducir las recaídas. En la actualidad, se ha demostrado como una terapia eficaz para el tratamiento de dichos síntomas y ha sido llevada más allá aplicándose incluso al tratamiento agudo de la depresión y otros trastornos psicológicos. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es aunar toda la evidencia disponible sobre la eficacia de la MBCT para el tratamiento de los trastornos del estado de ánimo. Para ello, se han seleccionado los estudios con diseño de estudio controlado aleatorizado que aplican la MBCT a personas con un trastorno del estado de ánimo, actual o pasado. Los resultados muestran que la MBCT es eficaz para los síntomas depresivos residuales, además de para una gran variedad de síntomas y problemas psicológicos, entre los que se encuentra la ideación suicida, abriendo así posibles líneas de investigación futuras en el ámbito de la prevención del suicidio
URSUS_LST: URban SUStainability intelligent system for predicting the impact of urban green infrastructure on land surface temperatures
Get PDFMitigating Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects has become a challenge to improve urban sustainability. The simulation tool URSUS_LST has been developed to allow urban planners to estimate how the addition of different green infrastructure elements would affect temperature. To achieve this, a new methodology was defined based on data mining, geospatial image processing and the knowledge of experts in the domain that predicts the Land Surface Temperature (LST) of any location within a city. It consists of a first data mining phase in which the real LST and the different urban elements of the nearby environment are considered: buildings, vegetation and water bodies. In a second phase, different regression models are induced to predict LST. Additionally, considering the most accurate models, the relevant attributes and their relationships are identified. A real application of the tool in the city of Malaga (Spain) has been used as an example of its usefulness.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU