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Book review: Inclusion: How Hawaiʻi Protected Japanese Americans from Mass Internment, Transformed Itself, and Changed America
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Effects of dietary supplementation with peony pollen on growth, immune-related gene expression, and antioxidant status of Cyprinus carpio
Get PDFPeony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is both ornamental flower and Chinese herbal medicine in China. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary peony pollen on growth performance and immune status of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Five different diets with 0% (control group), 1%, 2%, 3% and 4 % of peony pollen were designed to feed the fish for 6 weeks. The results indicated that the dietary peony pollen has beneficial effects on growth performance of common carp. In addition, evaluation of the liver antioxidant enzymes activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in 3% peony pollen group, showed significant increase in carps fed peony pollen (P < 0.05), except the malondialdehyde (MDA) activity. The genes expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-1-β (IL1β) in the carps fed peony pollen were obviously decreased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70) were up-regulated significantly in carps fed peony pollen (P < 0.05). Our observations suggest that peony pollen supplementation in the diets has the potential to improve the immune response by activating carp's cellular antioxidant activity and regulating the expression of immune -related genes, which may lead to increased carp tolerance to adverse conditions. Further research is needed on the use of peony pollen to improve disease resistance in fisheries
Thai SentenceFinal Imperative Discourse Particles
Get PDFThe Thai imperative discourse particles include sì, ná, nâa, tɤ̀, nɔ̀i, and dâi. The distribution of these imperative discourse particles depends on the illocutionary forces and Searlean felicity conditions that constitute the forces. sì and tɤ̀ appear in a wide range of illocutionary forces but in a complementary distribution. sì signals the preparatory condition in which the speaker is socially or epistemically superior to the hearer. In contrast, tɤ̀ indicates that the speaker does not have control over the hearer and assumes that the act might not be fulfilled. ná is found with illocutionary forces that part of face-threaten acts to make them more polite. nɔ̀i and dâi signal request and permission respectively
