83602 research outputs found
Sort by
Political Offices: U.S. House of Representatives: Federal Departments & Agencies: Housing and Home Finance Agency
Full text linkPolitical Offices: U.S. House of Representatives: Federal Departments & Agencies: Dept. of Commerce: States Steamship Co.
Full text linkPolitical Offices: U.S. House of Representatives: Federal Departments & Agencies: Dept. of Interior: Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Full text linkPolitical Offices: U.S. House of Representatives: Federal Departments & Agencies: Federal Communications Commission
No full textAssessment of the Scope of Tasks to Completely Phase out Fossil Fuels in Hawaiʻi
Full text linkOur co-authored report, three years in the making and in collaboration with the Geological Survey of Finland’s (GTK) Dr. Simon Michaux, is now available. This report aims to establish baseline, scenario-driven models for the electrical power required to electrify the Hawaii economy without using fossil fuels. Beyond its analysis, it aims to stimulate meaningful dialogue on the public policy modernization necessary to prepare for a non-fossil fuel economy. Our government can’t fund this transition alone. Investment is required to achieve this objective. Hawaii must become a place where responsible business can be conducted.
The goal is that our work can serve as a starting point for effective decision-making that balances the environment, the economy, and our rich Hawaiian culture while acknowledging our economy's role in supporting the vibrance of our broader community. We believe it is a reasonable expectation that it will stimulate the decisions necessary for Hawaiʻi to achieve a sustainable and resilient future.
The main report is substantial, comprising over 690 pages of well-referenced analysis, accompanied by two appendices that provide supporting details. A summary of the report is available here.The task of phasing out fossil fuels is upon us. All fossil fuel systems are about to be phased out and replaced with something else. The next industrial era will be powered by different energy-consuming and power generation technologies than we use now. An assessment of the scope of tasks to do this for the State of Hawaiʻi was conducted.
All major aspects of industrial and economic activity in the State of Hawaiʻi were examined and mapped out in the context of the state’s officially reported data for the calendar year 2019. This year was selected, as it was the last year before the COVID-19 pandemic supply chain disruptions. After this year, many data surveys were discontinued or reported unusual data signatures if they were operating. Therefore, 2019 was the last well-reported calendar year that showed normal operation. Areas of study ranged from commerce, trade, energy consumption, petroleum consumption, electricity generation, and the various natural and geographical resources available across the principal Hawaiian Islands. Basing calculations on total energy consumption reported by the State of Hawaiʻi, the size and form of the Hawaiian transport fleet were mapped in full, estimating the mechanical work performed for the calendar year 2019. This included transport vehicle classes, from light duty to heavy duty ground transportation to domestic maritime shipping and aviation.
For this report, a scope of tasks was defined, and a series of non-fossil fuel solutions were evaluated, each representing a public policy or paradigm. These policies were each represented as scenarios. Each scenario was referenced within a naming convention “H(X).”
The first four scenarios were designed to be boundary condition estimates for broad brush policies like all systems were electrified (Scenario HA), all systems were hydrogen-fueled (Scenario HB), all systems were biomass and biofuel supported (Scenario HC), and all existing Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) technology was to be fueled with ammonia (Scenario HD).
The electrical power required for each scenario was then modelled in the context of exclusive power generation by each of the available non-fossil fuel power generation systems. This included solar PV, wind turbines, hydroelectricity, biomass-fueled Combined Heat and Power (CHP), conventional nuclear power, geothermal energy, and ocean energy. An analysis of status quo conditions was also conducted. All Hydrogen production is electrolytic.
These four scenarios are not the basis for real-world implementation but would serve as a foundation for developing hybrid solutions using the technologies examined in Scenarios HA to HD.
The first of these hybrids was Scenario HE-Hybrid 1, which was to model the Green Transition as promoted internationally as the current consensus to phase out fossil fuels. The approach was to apply these non-fossil fuel options in context with what was practical in Hawaiʻi and what rules and regulations would allow
Strengthening the Resilience of Aquaculture Competitiveness in EU Economies: An empirical analysis
Full text linkThe European Union (EU27) faces significant challenges in enhancing the global competitiveness of its aquaculture market, such as stagnant production, high production costs, competition from cheaper imports, focus on sustainability, and consumer preferences. Thus, the main goal of this research is to explore how factors related to global competitiveness influenced the growth of the aquaculture sector in the EU27 from 1990 to 2023. The methods of ordinary least squares (OLS), two-stage least squares (2SLS), and robust least squares (RLS) estimations were used to address the endogeneity problem to arrive at the most important results. The effect sizes indicate that the system of innovation and human capital have a greater influence on the development of the aquaculture sector in the highly developed EU14 countries compared to the developing EU13 nations. The exact outcomes of the applied methods, however, demonstrate that the aquaculture market's expansion in EU13 developing nations is more influenced by market size, institutional quality, and economic growth compared to EU14 members. This study recommends that the EU27 region emphasize policy adjustments to balance sustainability with competitiveness, which includes streamlining regulations, improving access to financing, and fostering innovation in aquaculture technologies
Mergers of Voiced and Voiceless Consonants in the Siamese, Lanna and Lao Languages
Full text linkThe voicing of voiceless sonorants (VVS) and the devoicing of voiced obstruents (DVO) in Tai languages not only reduced the number of consonants but also increased tonal distinctions . While DVO in Siamese has been dated to the 1440s–1480s (Tangsiriwattanakul 2020), VVS in Siamese and both VVS and DVO in other Tai languages have received comparatively little attention. This research aims to date the mergers between voiced and voiceless consonants by examining correspondences between graphs and sounds of Siamese, Lanna, and Lao, and analyzing whether graphs attested in inscriptions represented the same or different phonemes. The findings reveal that confusion between graphs representing voiced and voiceless sonorants emerged around the 1370s, while voiced and voiceless obstruents emerged around the 1390s in Siamese. In Lanna, VVS and DVO were evident by the 1410s CE, supported by a 1411 inscription, whereas Lao shows confusions in voiced and voiceless graphs by 1444 CE. Considering that these observed time gaps may stem from limited earlier inscriptions in Lanna and Lao, this study proposes that VVS and DVO likely occurred at approximately the same time across the three languages due to their geographical proximity. These findings align with existing hypotheses (Li 1977; Gedney 1989b; Bickner 1992; Tangsiriwattanakul 2020), which argue that the mergers of voiced and voiceless consonants occurred after the foundation of the Sukhothai and Ayutthaya Tai polities in north-central Thailand
Native Hawaiians in the Northern Mariana and Ogasawara Islands: An Historical Perspective
No full textThis study focuses on Native Hawaiians recorded in the Northern Mariana and Ogasawara Islands from an historical perspective. In 1811, a group of Native Hawaiians were forcibly brought against their wishes to the Northern Mariana Islands from Kauaʻi. They were then removed by the colonial Spanish administration and incorporated into the larger native CHamoru and Carolinian populations of Guam. In 1830, other Native Hawaiians with European and American settlers immigrated to the Ogasawara Islands from the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. Their mixed heritage descendants eventually became Japanese citizens in 1876, remaining until WWII when they were evacuated to Japan. Under American rule from 1946 to 1968, they were returned to Ogasawara and remain Japanese citizens today.
The tenure of Hawaiians on Agrihan island in the Northern Marianas was relatively short termed with little evidence of direct impact on Spanish Colonial material culture. In contrast, Hawaiian-style grass houses and outrigger canoes soon became recognized by American and later Japanese settlers to the Ogasawara islands as truly unique to that place and time. It is argued here that this cross-cultural and multi-ethnic phenomenon is not an isolated event in the history or prehistory of Micronesia or Remote Oceania. The Mariana archipelago was initially settled by Austronesian and Southeast Asian peoples well before Hawai‘i and probably before the Ogasawara Islands. However, many of these islands were subsequently repopulated by European, American, Carolinian, and Asian peoples during which time CHamorus and Hawaiians actively participated in what was the greatest diaspora over open water on the planet until the age of air travel
Preliminary study on the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by five species of macroalgae
No full textIn the experiment, Caulerpa lentillifera, Caulerpa sertularioides, Caulerpa serrulata, Halymenia microcarpa and Chaetomorpha valida were employed. The seawater utilized was high in phosphate and nitrogen, and the macroalgae were cultured for 72 hours. We assessed the capacity of five different species of macroalgae to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from seawater by examining changes in the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and active phosphorus. The results of the experiment demonstrated that five different types of macroalgae had noticeable removal effects on nitrogen and phosphorus. Caulerpa sertularioides had the best removal effect on ammonia nitrogen, with an absorption efficiency of 96.4%. Caulerpa lentillifera and Caulerpa serrulata had the best removal efficiency of nitrate nitrogen, with an absorption efficiency of 95.5%. Chaetomorpha valida had the best removal effect on active phosphorus, with an absorption efficiency of 78.4%
Analysis of the influence of two kinds of shell characteristics on the total weight and soft tissue weight of the clam <em>Cyclina sinensis</em>
No full textTo reveal the influence of shell traits between two shell colors on the body and soft tissue weight of the clam Cyclina sinensis, a total of 1000 individuals (500 with white shells and 500 with purple shells) were randomly selected to analyze the effects of shell length, shell height, shell width, ligament length, and shell weight on the body and soft tissue weight. The results indicated that the shell traits of the clam were significantly correlated with the total weight and the soft tissue weight at an extremely significant level (P C. sinensis. The results provided a theoretical basis for the breeding and production of the clam