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A Community-Based Teacher Career Ladder
Get PDFThis presentation highlights the impact teacher turnover in our DOE schools is having on education and socioeconomics for 96792 residents. Three reasons are suggested for why education & income statistics in N-W is lower than the state average: (1) chronic high teacher turnover in our schools lays a poor foundation for educational success; (2) pronounced student-teacher cultural mismatch sets teachers and students up for failure; (3) the current teacher career ladder is not community-based. Demographic and socio-economic data on Nānākuli-Wai‘anae (N-W) schools provide compelling reason to invest in Nānākuli-Wai‘anae community members to become teachers in the N-W DOE schools rather than recruit from outside community. Currently the demographic of N-W school teachers do not match the demographic of N-W students, largely in part due to a teacher career ladder that does not support someone from community and costly ineffective recruitment efforts. The current teacher career ladder is designed for someone for a second plus generation college student from a mid- to high-income background that does not match the socioeconomic status of the N-W community. We need to start investing in solutions that reflect the community demographic and not allow socioeconomic status to become a barrier to becoming a teacher in N-W schools. We need the community advocate for community-based solutions, and this presentation is opening the conversation to begin/revive these efforts.This presentation highlights the impact teacher turnover in our HIDOE schools is having on education and socioeconomics for 96792 residents. Three reasons are suggested for why education & income statistics in N-W is lower than the state average: (1) chronic high teacher turnover in our schools lays a poor foundation for educational success; (2) pronounced student-teacher cultural mismatch sets teachers and students up for failure; (3) the current teacher career ladder is not community-based
The Effect of Replacement of Fish Oil by Soybean Oil in Practical Diets, on Tissue Fatty Acid and Expression of Related Genes in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Get PDFHigh prices and unsustainable supply have rendered the use of high levels of fish oil in aquafeeds problematic. In the present study, an eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the replacement of fish oil with less expensive and more sustainable soybean oil in a practical diet containing 17% fish meal, which is widely used in China for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Five diets with five levels of fish oil replacement (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) by soybean oil were fed to shrimp for 56 days. At the end of the trial results obtained after analysis of the shrimp showed that shrimp fed diets containing 50% fish oil and 50% soybean oil displayed no significant differences in weight gain, specific growth rate, survival, and feed conversion ratio. Quantitative polymerase chain reactions revealed that the expression levels of fatty acid binding protein and fatty acid synthase, two critical genes in fat metabolism, gradually decreased with increased levels of soybean oil in diets. Fatty acid profiling showed that complete replacement of fish oil with soybean oil affected fatty acid content in shrimp muscles, including monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and highly-unsaturated fatty acid, as well as the ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The expression of two genes decreased with increased soybean oil level in diets. The growth results indicat
Polymorphism in Growth Hormone Gene and its Association with Growth Traits in Siniperca chuatsi
Get PDFGrowth hormone (GH) is a candidate gene for growth traits in fish. In this study, we assessed associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GH gene with growth traits in 357 Siniperca chuatsi individuals using high-resolution melting. Two SNPs were identified in GH gene, with one mutation in exon 5 (g.5045T>C), and one mutation in intron 5 (g.5234T>G). The corrections analysis of SNPs with the four growth traits was carried out using General Linear Model (GLM) estimation. Results showed that both of them were significantly associated with growth performance in S. chuatsi. For g.5234T>G, it was significantly associated with body weight (P＜0.01), body length (P＜0.05), body depth (P＜0.01), and body width (P＜0.01), and the individuals of genotype GG grew faster than those of genotypes TT and TG (P＜0.05). A further diplotype-trait association analysis confirmed that in fish with H3H2 (TC-GG) diplotype body weight, body length, and body width was greater than in those with other diplotypes (P＜0.05). These results demonstrated GH gene SNPs could be used as potential genetic markers in future marker assisted selection of S. chuatsi
A Comparative Study of Survival, Metabolism, Immune Indicators, and Proteomics, in Five Batches of Japanese Scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis under Short-Term High Temperature Stress
Get PDFFive batches of the Japanese scallop Mizuhopecten pyessoensis were tested for survival rate, oxygen consumption, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, total antioxidant capacities (T-AOC) contents, and proteomics under short-term high temperature conditions. The five batches, (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5) selected from the established 21 ‘ivory white’ M. yessoensis batches, had higher survival rates than the other batches after one year of culture. Initial rearing water temperature of 15°C was increased by 1°C per day with a cooling and heating system. The temperature was raised until over 50% of the scallops from 3 batches died. This occurred at 30°C. The higher than normal culture temperature conditions showed significant or highly significant differences in the responses of some of the batches. Some showed significantly higher survival rates and significantly different rates of oxygen consumption. CAT activity, SOD activity and T-AOC content was similar in the five batches, and all three indices were significantly lower in W3 and W5 than in the other batches (P<0.01). Expression patterns of MDA content were opposite to those of CAT activity, SOD activity and T-AOC content. Protein profiles of all five batches were similar; the sizes of the predominant bands ranged from 20-110 kDa. We identified twenty-eight proteins with high scores in the database. These included heat shock proteins (HSPs), glucose-regulated protein 94, and arginine kinase
The Effect of Muscle-Regulatory Factor Genes and Satellite Cell Response to Recombinant Hsp70 Protein on Megalobrama amblycephala Skeletal Muscle
Get PDFHsp70 (70-kDa heat shock protein) plays a key regulatory role in muscle development. In order to evaluate whether recombinant Hsp70 protein (rMaHsp70) of M. amblycephala could affect muscle growth by inducing the expression of Myogenin (MyoG), Myogenic Differentiation Antigen (MyoD), Myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) and myostatin (MSTN) in muscle, Hsp70 was injected intraperitoneally (IP) at two concentrations: 1.0 mg/mL and 3.4 mg/mL. The mRNA and protein levels of the transcription factor Pax-7 and the protein Hsp70 initially increased, then as concentration levels of injected recombinant M. amblycephala Hsp70 protein rMaHsp70 further increased, the protein Hsp70 decreased. In order to investigate the relationship between muscle hyperplasia, hypertrophy and satellite cell growth following rMaHsp70 administration, the number of satellite cells were analyzed and revealed that the numbers of satellite cells in low concentration group (1 mg/mL) was predominantly higher than in the other concentration groups in both red and white muscle. These results suggest that low concentrations of rMaHsp70 could decrease muscle-related gene expression and increase the number of satellite cells. Our research will be helpful in adapting Hsp70 as a feed additive to enhance M. amblycephala growth
Effects of Dietary Arachidonic Acid Levels on Growth Performance, Whole-Body Proximate Composition, Digestive Enzyme Activities and Gut Morphology of Juvenile Golden Pompano Trachinotus
Get PDFThe effects of dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) levels on growth performance, whole-body proximate composition, digestive enzyme activities, and gut morphology were studied in juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus. Six diets were formulated with six levels of ARA. Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 56 days (8 weeks). Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and viscerosomatic index (VSI) were significantly affected by dietary ARA levels (P 0.05); they were highest in fish fed the diet with 0.51% ARA and the lowest in fish fed the diet containing 0.15% ARA. Linear regression analysis on SGR indicated that the recommended optimum dietary ARA level for optimal growth of juvenile golden pompano was 0.53%. Whole body protein significantly declined when dietary ARA levels increased from 0.15% to 0.88% (P 0.05), while lipase activities of fish were significantly influenced by dietary ARA levels (P < 0.05). The number of goblet cells and intestinal villus length increased with increasing levels of ARA from 0.15% to 0.51% (P < 0.05), and decreased thereafter. Goblet cells of fish fed diets with 0.36%, 0.51%, 0.71% ARA were higher than in the other groups (P < 0.05)
Is Growth Inhibition in Regulated by Chemical Communication?
No full textDue to high consumer demand for freshwater crustaceans, rearing technology is evolving towards intensive aquaculture. High stocking densities in such cultures result in close proximity of individuals. In this trial, we studied chemical communication and growth inhibition in order to clarify whether large males inhibit the growth of juveniles in Redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). No growth inhibition was observed in juveniles grown in the rearing water of adults. The experimental design can be modified to test behavioural and visual cues that may also interfere with juvenile growth