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Notes on Northern Katang Kinship and Society
Get PDFThe patrilineal clan system is still very strong in Katang society in southern Laos. This affects how a person relates to and addresses both his father's and mother's kin groups. It also is important in choosing a marriage partner. This paper provides a listing of the common kinship terms in Katang. Ritual and authority are also an important part of village life, and affect property ownership and work relationships. This article discusses some of these features of Katang society and those who provide leadership at both clan and village level
Yeast and Corn Flour Supplement to Enhance Large-scale Culture Efficiency of Marine Copepod Tisbe furcata, a Potential Live Food for Fish Larvae
Get PDFCopepods can generally provide balanced nutrition for first-feeding of fish larvae, and Tisbe furcata is recognized as a potential larval diet for aquaculture. In this study we examined the effects of feed composition and water quality on the population density of T. furcata over 20 days in large-scale culture. Results showed that the population density of T. furcata increased when fed a diet supplemented with yeast and corn flour (P<0.05) and reached a greater mass compared to three other diet compositions. During culture, nitrite and phosphate concentrations in the water were positively correlated with the population density of T. furcata. The concentration levels of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen were low, and did not reveal any negative effects on the growth of T. furcata. We found that the feed formula that contained yeast and corn flour in given quantities did affect the quality of water, even in high culture densities. Yeast and corn flour could constitute promising candidates for feed supplements for T. furcata, or other copepod species in the future
Expression of Sox5, Sox8 and Sox9 Genes in Golden Pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) Larvae During Ontogeny and in Response to Water Temperature
Get PDFSox5, Sox8, and Sox9 genes in golden pompano larvae were cloned and analyzed in this study. In the first trial, the expression of Sox genes during ontogeny of fish larvae in the first 18 days was examined, after which the expression of Sox genes in tissues was evaluated on 18 days post hatching (DPH). Subsequently, the response of Sox genes to water temperature (23, 26, and 29oC) on day 12 DPH and 18 DPH were compared. The expression levels of Sox8, Sox9a, and Sox9b peaked around 2 DPH before first feeding during fish ontogeny, and remained at low levels from 3-18 DPH. The expressions of Sox5 and Sox9a were affected by water temperature on 12 DPH and 18 DPH, while the expression of Sox8 was not affected by water temperature on 12 DPH and 18 DPH. The expression of Sox9b was affected by water temperature on 12 DPH. This study detected gene expression of Sox5, Sox8, and Sox9 at the early stage of development of golden pompano larvae. The time dependent expression of Sox genes in fish larvae is important for the understanding of bone ontogeny of fish larvae in early life
Feeding Depths of Wild Caught Yellowfin Tuna Thunnus albacores Juveniles and Skipjack Tuna Katsuwonus pelamis in Sea Cages
Get PDFThis study was conducted in the lagoon of Mischief Reef, South China Sea to test the feasibility of feeding and rearing wild caught yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares and skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis juveniles in small, deep sea-water, cages. Fish started active feeding four days after transfer to the rearing cage. Initial feeding depth between yellowfin tuna and skipjack tuna was not significantly different (P > 0.05). The initial feeding depth for yellowfin tuna juveniles was 2.97±1.09 m, and skipjack tuna fed at 2.95 ± 0.77 m. After the 30 day rearing experiment specific growth rates of yellowfin tuna and skipjack tuna were: 0.25 ± 0.02 %/day and 0.32 ± 0.03%/day, respectively; survival rate of yellowfin tuna was 100%, and the survival rate of skipjack tuna was 82.6%. The estimated feed conversion ratio was 9.73 in this study. The results of this study provide practical data for culturing wild caught yellowfin tuna and skipjack tuna juveniles in sea cages
A Phonological Reanalysis of Eastern Lawa
Get PDFPhonological descriptions of Western and Eastern Lawa, two related but mutually unintelligible languages (Nahhas, 2006), differ greatly. Western Lawa is relatively well described (c.f. Mitani, 1972, Schlatter, 1976, Ratanakul and Daoratanahongse, 1985). For Eastern Lawa, three partially conflicting phonological descriptions exist, with consonantal inventories ranging from 19 (Mitani, 1978) to 30 (Lipsius, n.d.) to 33 consonants (Blok, 2013). The vowel systems vary, from 9 (Mitani, 1978) to 24 (Blok, 2013) to 26 vowels (Lipsius, n.d.). In order to investigate the discrepancies between previous phonological descriptions, this study offers a phonological reanalysis of Eastern Lawa vowels and consonants based on recordings from nine Eastern Lawa speakers in Bo Luang and Kiu Lom, Thailand. A comparison with previous research on Eastern Lawa phonology suggests that the different results provided in earlier descriptions are partially caused by differing interpretations and partially due to undocumented phonological processes, which will be presented in this paper. Both synchronic and diachronic issues are considered
Book Notice: A Grammar Of Papuan Malay
Get PDFThis is a book notice for "A Grammar of Papuan Malay" (2017) by Angela Kluge
Supplemental Effects of AAMC, an Anionic Alkali Mineral Complex, in Diets for Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
No full textA 6-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of Anionic Alkali Mineral Complex (AAMC) on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity, and disease resistance of L. vannamei. Graded levels of AAMC solution were included in a basal diet; 0% (Control), 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%. Shrimp fed diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.4% AAMC had the highest growth performance, and compared to the control treatment, final body weight and specific growth rates were significantly higher (P<0.05). Feed utilization also improved significantly with AAMC supplementation. Non-specific immune responses of shrimp were significantly affected by dietary supplementation of AAMC; total hemocyte count of shrimp fed 0.1% and 0.2% diets was significantly higher the control diet shrimp group. Phenoloxidase and lysozyme activity was significantly higher in shrimp fed 0.2% diet compared to the control diet group. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly enhanced with dietary supplementation of 0.1%–0.2% AAMC. In a challenge test with Vibrio harveyi, shrimp fed 0.2% AAMC disease resistance was significantly higher than in shrimp fed the control diet. Overall, the results indicate that dietary supplement of AAMC improved growth, diet utilization, innate immunity, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp and approximately 0.2% in diets appeared to be the optimum supplemental level