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Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Biochemical Parameters of Barbless Carp (Cyprinus pellegrini)
Get PDFAn 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying dietary protein (35%, 40%, 45%) and lipid (4%, 8%, 12%) levels with protein to energy (P/E) ratios ranging from 17.04 to 23.58 g protein/MJ on growth performance, feed utilization, and biochemical parameters of barbless carp (Cyprinus pellegrini). Fish fed diets with 40% protein exhibited higher thermal growth coefficient (TGC) and energy retention compared with fish fed the diets with 35% protein, higher protein efficiency ratio (PER), and protein retention, compared with fish fed diets with 35% and 45% protein. TGC and energy retention were significantly lower in fish fed the diets with 4% lipid compared to fish fed diets with 8% and 12% lipid. Fish fed the diet with 40% protein and 12% lipid had similar TGC as those fed the diets containing 8% and 12% lipid with 45% protein, but showed relatively better PER. Further, fish fed the diet with 40% protein and 12% lipid exhibited relatively lower plasma γ-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities, and total protein and blood urea nitrogen contents compared with fish fed the other diets. These results indicate that a diet containing 40% protein and 12% lipid with P/E of 19.38 g protein/MJ would be suitable for growth and health of barbless carp
The Barito Linkage Hypothesis, with a Note on the Position of Basap
Get PDFBarito is a large group of languages located primarily along the Barito river, most of Central Kalimantan, western East Kalimantan, and in the case of Malagasy, the island of Madagascar. Traditionally, these languages have been regarded as a subgroup, with all members descended from what one might call Proto-Barito. It has been noted by several authors, however, that Barito languages are only loosely related, and their relationship to each other and to “Proto-Barito” are not universally agreed upon. This paper attempts to define the Barito subgroup with exclusively shared phonological innovations of high quality, but as will be shown, no such innovations exist. Instead, sound changes found in Barito are spread throughout some but not all Barito languages, and no single sound change of any quality can be cited as linking all Barito languages together. It is argued that this distribution of sound changes supports a linkage model, rather than a subgroup model. Furthermore, linkages are defined as evolving from the differentiation of dialects in a chain or network, not from a discrete proto-language. This is interpreted to mean that there was never a Proto-Barito language from which these languages developed. Finally, after presenting the evidence for the Barito linkage hypothesis, the Basap language of northern East Kalimantan is argued, based on a limited set of lexical innovations, to have been a part of an ancient dialect network which stretched from the Barito river in the south to modern Berau regency, in northern East Kalimantan
Shewanella algae: an Emerging Pathogen of Black Spot Disease in Freshwater-Cultured Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei),
Get PDFBlack spot disease causes significant economic losses in whiteleg shrimp Penaeus
vannamei yet only limited information is available on Shewanella algae as a bacterial
pathogen of this disease. In this study, a virulent strain, temporarily named SFH3, was
isolated from diseased freshwater-cultured P. vannamei suffering from black spot
disease, identified phenotypically and molecularly as S. algae. A phylogenetic tree was
constructed to examine the taxonomic position and relatedness of isolate SFH3 to other
S. algae isolates. When screened against a range of common veterinary antibiotics,
isolate SFH3 is apparently susceptible to aminoglycosides and quinolones antibiotics in
aquaculture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. algae as a causal
agent of black spot disease in live freshwater-cultured P. vannamei
Effects of Salinity Fluctuation on Gene Expression Profiles of Female Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstocks
Get PDFIn this study, the effects of salinity fluctuation on gene expression patterns in ovary and hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei were analyzed. The expression level of vitellogenin in the ovaries were significantly, markedly, and slightly, inhibited respectively in the hepatopancreas after brooders were transferred from 30‰ to 20‰ or 40‰ salinity for 4 days. The expression levels of the development of germ cell related genes Dmc1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclophilin A were significantly reduced at 20‰ or 40‰ salinity. The transcript level of shrimp ovarian peritrophin (SOP) was significantly reduced at 20‰ salinity, and the expression level of ovary specific gene mucin-5 AC was significantly higher at 40‰ salinity. Four stress related genes, cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase (LvCAc), Na+/K+-ATPase alpha subunit (LvNK), V-H+-ATPase subunit A (LvVH), and heat shock protein 90 (LvHSP90), were significantly up-regulated at 40‰ salinity in the ovaries. In the hepatopancreas, the transcript level of fatty acid synthase (LvFAS) was significantly inhibited under 40‰ salinity. The mRNA levels of stress related genes LvNK, LvVH, and LvHSP90, were significantly lower at 40‰ salinity. Results indicated that changes in salinity caused transcription inhibition of germ cell and ovarian development related genes, and the expression patterns of stress related genes in the ovaries and hepatopancreas were quite different
Letter to Kuni Sakamoto
No full textCondolence letter to Mrs. Kuni Sakamoto regarding the death of her son Robert I. Sakamoto
Letter to Otome Takara
No full textRequest to Yost that a letter of condolence be written to Mrs. Otome Takara regarding the death of her son Ronald K. Takara. Condolence letter from Yots to Mrs. Otome Takara regarding the death of her son Ronald K. Takara
Letter to Saichiro Teramoto
No full textCondolence letter to Mr. Saichiro Teramoto regarding the death of his son Shizuo Teramoto
Typed Transcript of Letter to Toyotara Okumura
No full textCondolence letter to Mr. Toyotaro Okumura regarding the death of his son Toyokazu Okumura
Letter to Charles H. Keller
No full textCondolence letter to Mr. Charles H. Keller regarding the death of Thomas T. Takao
Killed in Action List
No full textOne handwritten page with a list of soldiers killed in action and the date of death