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Thank You Letter
No full textPresumably written by Yost, a letter of gratitude to his hosts in his visit to Hawaii
Letter forbidding interactions with Germans
No full textMilitary orders sent from A. M. Patch regarding non-fraternization with Germans
Kawazoe Scrapbook Box 6 Number 3
No full textHawaii Immigration & Mitisui Corporation, Number of Japanese People that Came to HawaiiEaster
Effects of Vinegars and Sodium Acetate on the Growth Performance of Pacific White Shrimp, Penaeus vannamei
Get PDFVinegars and their salts have the potential to act as growth promoters and prophylactics against bacterial pathogens. This study aims to evaluate the effects of various vinegars and sodium acetate on the growth performance of white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Groups of shrimps were fed diets containing 2% of either apple cider vinegar (ACV), coconut sap vinegar (CSV), sugar cane vinegar (CaV), or sodium acetate, and a diet with no vinegar (i.e. a control diet). Total acidity data of the diet showed that only the sodium acetate diet resulted in the highest total acidity after 60 min immersion in salt water (20 ppt). Attractability tests using customized repartitioned aquaria showed that the CSV diet attracted the highest significant percentage of shrimps after 10 min of feed placement in the feeding chamber. In the feeding trial that lasted for 60 days, results showed that the ACV and CSV groups of shrimps consumed significantly more feed than the other groups. All vinegar groups exhibited significantly higher final average body weight, weight gain, and specific growth, rate than either the control or sodium acetate group. The CSV group exhibited the significantly best feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio. Survival was statistically similar among all groups. Conclusion: the CSV group exhibited the significantly best growth performance and efficiency while both the control and sodium acetate groups exhibited the poorest
A preliminary study of physical energy distribution model of Sciaenops ocellatus under swimming conditions
No full textThis study focused on Sciaenops ocellatus in deep-water cage culture studying the changes of the main energy substances and metabolites during swimming. Based on our results, a physical energy distribution model was constructed. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) A power function relationship between the maximum swimming time and swimming speed of the red drum was found. (2) At high swimming speed, there was a significant increase in red drum blood glucose concentration, a slight decrease in the amount of muscle glycogen, and a significant decrease in hepatic glycogen. When fish were close to fatigue, hepatic glycogen concentration was close to depletion, so hepatic glycogen concentration in the red drum can be used as an important indicator to determine sustained swimming ability in the fish. (3) There was a significant increase in lactic acid and lactic acid concentration during swimming at a high speed, which indicated that the process of high-speed swimming in the red drum was accompanied by anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration. (4) This study established a simple swimming physical energy distribution model of red drum based on the energy consumption of hepatic glycogen. The model shows a linear relationship between time and swimming speed. (5) A calculation method for the maximum tidal current velocity in red drum farming areas was put forward based on the physical energy distribution model of the red drum and the rules of the tidal currents. Thish may give practical reference for farming site selection
Dietary Lipid Level Affects Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Hematological Characteristics and Lipid Metabolism in Juvenile Black Seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)
Get PDFAn 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth,antioxidant capacity,hematological characteristics,and lipid metabolismof juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) of initial weight 4.33 ± 0.01 g. Three isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain lipid levels of 36.8 (Diet1, control group), 82.9 (Diet2) and 136g/kg(Diet3). After the feeding trial, fish fed high lipid levels (Diet2 and Diet3) showed higher growth performance and feed efficiency compared to low level (Diet1) group. The hematological characteristics were significantly higher in Diet3 than Diet1. Fish fed Diet3 had significantly highermalondialdehyde (MDA) content and catalase (CAT) activity in serum than Diet1group. Conversely, the hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and fatty acid synthase (Fas) activity were significantly lower in fish fed Diet3. Overall, this study indicated that juvenile black seabream could adapt high lipid diet (82.9~136g/kg) by regulating growth,hematological characteristics,and lipid metabolism
Preliminary Phonology of Rera, a Tangsa Variety of Northeast india
Get PDFThis paper provides a synchronic phonological analysis of the Rera language, a Tangsa language of the Northern Naga subgroup of Tibeto-Burman. It is spoken by approximately 2,000 people in Northeast India. Based on the author’s own fieldwork, the study describes Rera Tangsa segmental phonology, tones, and phonotactics. It differs from four previously described Tangsa languages in that it does not distinguish aspiration. Rera does not distinguish diphthongs like three other Tangsa varieties but has a relatively simple vowel inventory with eight monophtongs, similar to Hawa-Lak with five monophthongs
Response of Antioxidant Enzymes and Digestive Enzymes to Temperature Stress in Lates Calcarifer Larvae
No full textA 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary chromium methionine (Cr-Met) supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzymes, hematological characteristics, and carbohydrate metabolic key enzyme activities in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Seven diets (32.2% crude protein, 6% crude lipids of dry matter) were formulated to contain graded levels of Cr3+ (0.31, 0.43, 0.57, 0.73, 1.13, 1.90 and 3.64 mg/kg, respectively). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 60 juvenile common carp (approximately 40.95±4.80 g), which were stocked in plastic tanks. The results indicated that the highest weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER), were observed in fish fed the diet containing 1.13 mg/kg Cr3+. There were no significant differences in the wholebody compositions; however the glycogen levels in the muscle and hepatopancreas in fish fed the basal diet were lower than those fed the other diets. The insulin (INS) and glycogen (GC) concentrations in the serum were not significantly influenced by the dietary Cr-Met levels. However, fish fed the basal diet had higher glucose and cortisol concentrations, and lower insulin receptor (ISR) and LDH concentrations in the serum than those fed diets supplemented with Cr-Met. Fish fed the 1.13 mg/kg Cr3+ diet had significantly higher hexokinase (HK), 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (6-PFK1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glycogen synthase (GS), and lower phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities than those fed the basal diet. Based on the two-slope broken line model analysis between SGR and dietary Cr3+ levels, the optimal dietary Cr3+ supplement level was estimated to be 1.09 mg/kg for juvenile common carp