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Types and Functions of Reduplication in Palembang
Get PDFIn this paper, we study the morphosemantic aspects of reduplication in Palembang (also known as Musi). In Palembang, both content and function words undergo reduplication, generating a wide variety of semantic functions, such as pluralization, iteration, distribution, and nominalization. Productive reduplication includes full reduplication and reduplication plus affixation, while fossilized reduplication includes partial reduplication and rhyming reduplication. We employed the Distributed Morphology theory (DM) (Halle and Marantz 1993, 1994) to account for these different patterns of reduplication. Moreover, we compared the functions of Palembang reduplication to those of Malay and Indonesian reduplication. Some instances of function word reduplication in Palembang were not found in these languages, such as reduplication of question words and reduplication of negators. In addition, Palembang partial reduplication is fossilized, with only a few examples collected. In contrast, Malay partial reduplication is productive and utilized to create new words, especially words borrowed from English (Ahmad 2005)
Cinnamaldehyde Altered Cellular Immune Responses of Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) In Vitro
Get PDFCinnamaldehyde, a liposoluble extract from cinnamon, is a natural compound with immunity enhancement efficacy on terrestrial animals. However, its immunoregulation effects on aquatic animals has rarely been investigated due to its poor water solubility and easy oxidability. Thus, cinnamaldehyde micro emulsion (CME) was prepared to overcome these limitations. Phagocytic, respiratory burst, bactericidal, and proliferative activity of Cynoglossus semilaevis leukocytes stimulated by CME were evaluated in vitro. Leukocytes were incubated with 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/ml cinnamaldehyde or 100 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide. Results showed that cinnamaldehyde affected leukocytes phagocytic, respiratory burst, bactericidal and proliferative activity significantly. In conclusion, low doses of cinnamaldehyde (1, 10 μg/ml) exhibited significantly high bactericidal activity, while high doses (100, 1000 μg/ml) inhibited cellular immunity of C. semilaevis
Puka Puka Parade 2019 - Number 05
No full textDigital-only addendum included in same pdf file as main issue
Typed Transcript of Letter to Mrs. Sally S. Miyabe, card with image from Sally Miyabe to Yost
No full textCorrespondence between Yost and Mrs. Sally S. Miyabe regarding the death of her husband, Charles's death. Also includes a card with an image from Sally Miyabe to the Chaplain