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Tones in the Cuoi Language of Tan Ki District in Nghe An Province, Vietnam
Get PDFThis paper gives an overview of the phonetic characteristics of the tone system of the Cuoi language, a Vietic language spoken in Nghe An province in Vietnam
Spatial Relations along the In-On Continuum in Thai Sign Language
Get PDFSpatial relations along the IN-ON continuum are primarily expressed in Thai Sign Language (ThSL) through classifier constructions. In these constructions, the signer articulates the lexical sign for the ground and then its classifier using his non-dominant (left) hand. The classifier is held in place while the signer uses his dominant (right) hand to articulate the lexical sign and classifier for the figure. The classifier for the figure is then placed in proximity to the classifier for the ground in a way that mirrors the spatial relation between real-world objects. Parameters of this expression can be used to identify where the relation falls along the IN-ON continuum. These parameters arise from the iconic nature of how the relation is articulated in ThSL. In addition, this iconicity allows the relation to be encoded with greater precision than similar expressions in spoken languages. Additional semantic features of the figure and ground – plurality and inherent movement – are also encoded in these constructions
Salinity Effect on Intestinal Microbiota in Golden Pompano Trachinotus Ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Get PDFGolden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is a commercially important marine fish which is widely cultured in the coastal area of South China. Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors influencing the intestinal microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the intestinal microbiota of juvenile golden pompano reared at different salinities. In this 56 day experiment, juveniles were reared at 5, 15, 25 and 35‰ salinities. Based on ACE, Chao1 and Shannon, Simpson diversity indices, salinity did not influence the bacterial richness and diversity in golden pompano intestine. The data indicated that the dominant phyla in golden pompano intestine reared at each salinity group were Proteobacteria. The principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) indicated that the bacterial communities were not clustered, and the bacterial communities were very different in the salinity groups. The findings showed that golden pompano have specific intestinal microbiota in different salinity environments. However, the intestinal microbiota in golden pompano were strongly influenced by salinity and were also affected by the phylogeny of golden pompano. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and growth of golden pompano under different salinitie
The Effect of Dehulling and Extrusion of Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Seeds on Digestibility and Antinutrients, in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Diets
Get PDFIn the present study, the effect of dehulling and extrusion of Jackfruit seeds Artocarpus heterophyllus, and apparent digestibility of dry matter and protein was evaluated in feeds for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. For the digestibility bioassay, organisms with an average weight of 12.6 ± 3.1 g were used. The evaluation of the digestibility coefficient in vivo was determined by using the indirect method of chromium oxide as a marker. The dehulled Jackfruit seeds caused a significant increase in protein and lipids, and a significant decrease in fiber and ash respectively. The extrusion process did not significantly affect protein, fiber, ash, and carbohydrate content of the extruded flour, but caused a significant decrease in the lipid content of Jackfruit seeds. The results indicate that the extrusion process caused a significant decrease in the content of phytic acid, tannins, trypsin inhibitors, and saponins. In relation to trypsin inhibitors, dehulling did not have a significant effect. On the other hand, the combination of the extrusion and dehulling process allowed a significant decrease of phytic acid and tannins, while the dehulled of seeds did not have a significant effect on the phytic acid content. The combination of the dehulled and extrusion process caused a significant decrease in trypsin inhibitors and saponins with respect to raw Jackfruit seeds. The combination of the extrusion and dehulling process caused a significant increase in ADM of diets prepared with 30% of Jackfruit flours. The combination of the process of extrusion and dehulling of Jackfruit seeds allowed a significant increase in ADP compared to the unprocessed seeds. We conclude that dehulled and extruded Jackfruit flours represent a potential low cost, highly available alternative to replace fishmeal in the production of food for tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Effects of Dietary Corn Gluten Meal on Growth, Immunity, Enzyme Activity, and Protein Metabolism in Relation to TOR Gene Expression in Juvenile Large Yellow Croaker Larimichthys crocea
Get PDFA series of six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (10% crude lipid) diets were formulated by replacing 0% (control), 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75% of fish meal (FM) with corn gluten meal (CGM), including 40% FM. In addition, all diets were supplemented with crystalline amino including lysine and methionine in all diets except the control. Results showed that there were no significant effects on survival, weight gain ratio (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among all dietary diet groups (P>0.05). There were also no significant differences (P > 0.05) among all diets in the serum immune enzyme, Alkaline Phosphatase (AKP), Lysozyme (LYZ) and Complement 3 (C3), but in Complement 4 (C4), there was a significantly higher content in C75 compared with the other diets (P 0.05), while the activities of lipase were significantly lower in C0 than in the other groups (P 0.05). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among all the diets in aspartate amino transferase (AST), but in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) the activities of C75 diet were significantly lower compared with the other diets (P 0.05). Results of the present study suggested that CGM could substitute up to 75% of FM without influencing the growth of juvenile Larimichthys Crocea