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The Effect of Diet on Ovarian Development and Nutritional Tissue Composition of Portunus trituberculatus
Get PDFThis study investigated the effects of feeding trash fish (TF), formulated diet (FD), and mixed diets (MD) on ovarian development, fattening performance, and nutritional quality of P. trituberculatus. Formulated diet treatment resulted in lower gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, meat yield, and total edible yield than the other treatments. It also showed lower protein (7.88%), lipid, and ash content in hepatopancreas and muscle, compared to the other treatments. Different diets significantly affected the contents of C16:0, C18:1n9, C18:2n6, C18:3n3 and C20:5n3 of hepatopancreas. FD treatment resulted in lower essential amino acids and non-essential amino acid contents in the muscle compared to TF and MD treatments. The highest and the lowest essential amino acids scores were found in the TF and FD treatments, respectively. In conclusion, these results indicated that FD is not suitable and requires further development for sub-adult crabs, while MD would be the recommended for fattening female P. trituberculatus
Effects of High Carbohydrate and Benfotiamine on the Growth and Feed Efficiency of Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of a high carbohydrate diet (HC) alone and HC supplemented with benfotiamine (HCB), a human anti-diabetic supplement, on the growth performance of Nile tilapia fry, Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 180 Nile tilapia fry (AWB=0.01g) were randomly distributed to 9 tanks and fed one of three experimental diets, namely, a control diet containing 15% carbohydrate; high carbohydrate diet (HC) containing 25% carbohydrate; and high carbohydrate diet (25%) supplemented with 0.02% benfotiamine (HCB) for 8 weeks. Increasing corn starch in the diet from 15% (i.e. control diet) to 25% (i.e. HC diet) did not have any effect on the growth performance nor feed efficiency of the Nile tilapia. In contrast, Nile tilapia fed the HCB diet exhibited significantly the highest final average body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and whole-body lipid content and the most efficient FCR among the treatments. Results of the attractability tests showed that the HCB diet significantly attracted the most percentage of fish. In conclusion, the findings indicated that the Nile tilapia efficiently utilized an increase of carbohydrate from 15% to 25% and that dietary benfotiamine significantly increased the utilization of this diet, enhancing further its growth performance and feed utilization; benfotiamine also increased the attractability of the diet
Charting the Legal Systems of the Western Pacific: Tracking Down Primary Documentation
No full textPresentation slidesThis presentation highlights the process and resources used to document the colorful legal history of the former British Protectorates in the Western Pacific. Through my talk, I intend to demonstrate the problems one encounters when researching the legal history of these islands, and the methods used to find primary documentation. It will conclude with a summary of where these legal systems are now and how they developed following British colonization. My research project was published in December 2017 in the Hein Research Guide Series as volume 70
I'm Just a Bill...On Capitol Hill
Get PDFPresentation slidesHave you ever wondered how to track legislation from start to finish here in Hawaii nei and at the national level? Join us for a discussion session where we will focus primarily on bills and grants within Hawaii and in Washington D.C. that impact local and national funding for libraries
Native Hawaiian Claims, 1974 - 1984: DKI Speech
Get PDFNOT OCRed. This folder holds a speech by Senator Daniel K. Inouye regarding the Native Hawaiians Study Commission and legislative actions in Washington. This speech touches on Native Hawaiian problems, Hawaiian history, the status of Hawaiians in the law, current legislation to provide services to Native Hawaiians, and attempts to amend the definition of Native Americans to include Hawaiians. Other issues addressed include race relations, reparations, the bombing of Kaho'olawe, archaeological findings on Kaho'olawe and the use of 'Iolani Palace
Discontinuous Administration of β-glucan is Effective for Preventing Immune Fatigue in Litopenaeus vannamei
Get PDFβ-glucan is an effective, available immunostimulant that has been successfully used to improve the immune defense of shrimp against pathogenic infection. However, the long-term continuous use of β-glucan can lead to immune fatigue, and intermittent feeding may be an effective way of avoiding this phenomenon. A 60-day growth trial was conducted to compare the effects of different feeding strategies of diets containing 200 mg/kg β-glucan on the growth and immune system of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The results showed that either continuous feeding or intermittent feeding of diets containing 200 mg/kg β-glucan did not promote the growth of L. vannamei. However, the levels of superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei in the intermittent feeding group were significantly higher than those in the control and continuous feeding groups. Expression levels of the genes encoding LPS/β-glucan binding protein, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, penaeid in-3a, and catalase were also significantly upregulated in the intermittent feeding group, whereas most of the immune parameters in the continuous feeding group were not significantly different from those of the control group. After artificial infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the average mortality rates in the control group, the continuous feeding group, and the intermittent feeding group were 76.67%, 78.89%, and 45.56%, respectively. The results indicated that the addition of 200 mg/kg β-glucan to the diet did not promote the growth of L. vannamei, but the strategy of intermittent feeding effectively prevented immune fatigue and enhanced disease resistance, perhaps by increasing nonspecific immunity in L. vannamei
A View on Proto-Karen Phonology and Lexicon
Get PDFThe reconstruction of Proto-Karen (PK) has previously been attempted and presented in different ways by scholars, leading to some serious disagreements on some major points. To offer another new look at PK based only on fresh data collected by myself (except Bwe), the PK phonology and lexicon with 341 entries were reconstructed. Deliberately, available documented materials on the Karenic languages since 1799 onwards were not used for this reconstruction although they were consulted. The reconstruction is based on a 2,000-item word list with English and Thai glosses of ten selected Karenic varieties spoken in Thailand, i.e. Northern Pa-O and Southern Pa-O (Northern branch, NK); Kayan, Kayah, Bwe (from Henderson 1997) and Kayaw (Central branch, CK); Northern Sgaw, Southern Sgaw, Northern Pwo and Southern Pwo (Southern branch, SK). For comparative purposes, only the obvious cognates found in at least two of the three branches were used. In following this method, most of the items in my field notes had to be eliminated. The correspondence patterns of onsets, rhymes and tones were investigated and, then, the protoforms were reconstructed and compared with the previous PK reconstructions and with the PTB forms reconstructed by Benedict (1972) and Matisoff (2003)
