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Effect of Algae Decaying on Shrimp Culture System and Suggested Biological Remediation Strategies
Get PDFPond water with algae blooms was collected, and maintained in the dark over a 2-day period without nutritional supplements. The physico-chemical parameters and the density of algae were measured. The concentration of NH 4+-N, DIN and PO4--P in water in darkness significantly increased, and the density of algae decreased significantly. Isolated water was exposed to three bio-remediation water treatments: addition of green algae, Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria. After remediation, the concentrations of NH4+ -N, NO3- -N, DIN and PO4- -P in the three treatment groups were significantly lower than the control group. No difference was observed in the concentration of NO2--N between the control group and the photosynthetic bacteria group. Results from all treatments showed water quality deterioration along with increase in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Bio-remediation methods can be effectively adapted in shrimp culture after algae decay, and one of the most promising biological remediation strategies is the use of green algae
Antimicrobial property of gallic acid from Terminalia chebula Retz. effects on two pathogenic Aeromonas species isolated from cultured eel
Get PDF_Aeromonas spp._ are prevalent pathogens in farmed eel, which induce highly infectious diseases, such as hemorrhagic septicemia and gill-rot disease. Research on the application of ethanol and water extracts from traditional Chinese herbs in controlling the diseases has increased. However, the exact antibacterial components in majority of these herbs were not well-studied. Four fractions or components were isolated from _Terminalia chebula_ Retz. ethanol extract in our previous study. In the present study, their antibacterial effects on _A. hydrophila_ and _A. veronii_ were assessed using microcalorimetry. The results showed that component III (a single chemical constituent, gallic acid) had the strongest antibacterial effect compared with three other fractions. The inhibitory effect was enhanced as the concentration of component III increased, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of component III to _A. hydrophila_ and _A. veronii_ were found to be 0.56 mg/ml and 0.74 mg/ml respectively. This is the first study in which the antibacterial component of _T. chebula_ extract on aquatic bacteria growth was screened and determined by microcalorimetry
Edwardsiellosis in freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare)
Get PDFThe freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) with its many varieties is one of the most popular species in the ornamental market. The moribund freshwater angelfish individuals (20-25 g in weight) were sampled from an ornamental fish production facility to determine the cause of mortalities started immediately in fish without any other visible finding except the loss of appetite. The mortality rate in the population was as high as 50% within a week. Bacteriological samples were taken from internal organs for the identification of the causative agent. Hemorrhage in the eyes, loss of scales and skin depigmentation were the most obvious external finding in the moribund fish. Internally; the liver was pale, the spleen was enlarged and the intestinal walls were thinned. According to conventional biochemical and physiological tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, all isolated bacteria were identified as Edwardsiella tarda. The antimicrobial susceptibility test performed using the disk diffusion test showed that the E. tarda strains we obtained were sensitive to enrofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, furazolidone and flumequine but resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline antibiotics
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of type I IFNd of Chinese sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) under immune stimulation
Get PDFChinese sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) is an economically important marine cultured species in China. Interferons (IFNs) play an essential role in innate antiviral immunity. The study on IFN immune system helps prevent and control viral diseases of L. maculatus. We have obtained cloning and characterization of the type I IFNd gene from L. maculatus (LmIFNd) in the present study. The full length of cDNA was 1190 bp, including 5'UTR (untranslated region) of 354 bp, 3'UTR of 278 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 558 bp. It encodes 185 amino acids, and the first 20 amino acids are hypothetical signal peptides. The results of amino acid multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that LmIFNd and mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) IFNd were clustered into one branch, and the gene sequence similarity was as high as 88.9%. The expression of LmIFNd was tissue-specific and highly expressed in the head kidney, spleen, and gill. After infection with Rana grylio virus (RGV), and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)], the expression of LmIFNd in gill, spleen, and head-kidney was up-regulated significantly. Besides, the expression level of LmIFNd has increased significantly under the stimulation of Vibrio harveyi and Streptococcus iniae. The results show that LmIFNd may play a protective role in both viral and bacterial infections
The use of otolith shape to identify stocks of Konosirus punctatus
Get PDFKonosirus punctatus is an important economic fish in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, especially along the coast of China, and an important substitute in the marine ecosystem. The aim of this study is to quantify the variation of sagittal shapes to discriminate the K. punctatus stocks between China coasts (Wei Hai, Yan Tai, Zhou Shan, Wen Zhou, Dong Ying, Hai Kou and Qing Dao) and Aomori (Am) in Japan by comparing the sagittal morphometric features. The sagitta variation of eight K. punctatus stocks was examined using nine shape indices (Roundness, Circularity, Form-factor, Rectangularity, Ellipticity, Radius ratio, Feret ratio, Aspect ratio and Surface density). Multiple comparisons on shape indices showed that three shape indices (Roundness, Feret ratio and Surface density) have significant differences between nine stocks. The comprehensive judgment accuracy rate is 54.5%. Based on the Fourier coefficient eight Fourier parameters can fit the shape of sagittal. The comprehensive judgment accuracy rate is 56.1%. The results showed that the otolith morphology was not significantly different between seven China stocks, while the China stocks showed a large sagittal morphological difference from the Japanese stock. It could be related to environmental factors and geographical conditions in various sea areas
Using Google Tools to Enhance Information Literacy 2.0
Get PDFPresentation slidesThis session will share how one librarian uses Google tools to collaborate with and assist students in their research efforts, especially at this time with remote/distance learning. This teaching approach enables the librarian to check, document and assist individual students during the hands-on part of the workshop, provides a convenient way to follow-up with the students and instructors and helps with a course or assignment assessment. This method is one way to ensure that students are learning and understanding the information literacy concepts in an online one-shot or continuous workshops
The Tai Ahom Sound System as Reflected by the Texts Recorded in the Bark Manuscripts
Get PDFTai Ahom (Southwestern Tai) mostly survives in manuscripts. (Terwiel 1988; Morey 2015). It has long been held that Ahom retained many archaic features lost in most modern Tai languages. For example, Li (1977: pp87-89) reconstructs the cluster *phr- as evidence from Ahom in words like phra ‘rock’ and phrai ‘walk’. However, Diller (1992), argues that Ahom exhibited the “pan-Tai consonant mergers of the sort in which the sounds of the “low series consonants presumably fell together with certain of the others” and hence is not archaic. In order to uncover the true nature of Ahom, this paper investigates how each of Ahom graph relates to the reconstructed proto phonemes in the Proto-Southwestern branch (Li 1977; Pittayaporn 2009). Our analysis was based on eight carefully analyzed manuscripts, identified allographic variations, suggesting mergers and retentions of Tai phonemic contrasts are common among the modern Shan varieties and the lack of archaic features claimed by earlier authors
Puka Puka Parade 2020 - Number 05
No full textDigital-only addendum provided as a separate file from the main issue
Ming Shilu as Evidence of Devoicing of Voiced Obstruents in Siamese
Get PDFDevoicing of Voiced Obstruents (DVO) was part of a transformative series of sound changes that characterised all the Tai languages: the original voiced stops became either aspirated or unaspirated when devoiced. Although previous studies show that they occurred before the 17th century (Harris, 1992; Pittayawat 2016), their precise dating is still unclear. While Brown (1965) and Chamberlain (1991) hold that DVO occurred prior to 13th Century, Shintani (1974) and Gedney (1989 [1978]) place it around 14th-17th Century. To arrive at the chronology of the sound change, I examine transcriptions of Siamese personal names in The Veritable Records of the Ming Dynasty (Míng Shí Lù – MSL), using Quasi-Early Nanjing Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese characters as the basis for sorting the correspondence. A careful analysis reveals that the Siamese original voiced stops started to be transcribed by the Chinese original voiceless aspirated stops in 1440s. This became prominent after 1480s, suggesting a completion of DVO by that time. The transcription patterns of the Siamese original voiced stops though imply a gradual transition from original voiced to breathy stops, and eventually to voiceless aspirated stops
Papers from the Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association 25
No full textThis is a collection of 7 articles from the AFLA 25 conference held in 2018. The papers cover a full range synchronic descriptions of Austronesian languages