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Review of the Syntax of Vietnamese Tense, Aspect, and Negation by Trang Phan
No full textThis is a review of the book "Syntax of Vietnamese Tense, Aspect, and Negation" by Trang Phan
Connectives in Asur: A North Munda Language
Full text linkAsur is an endangered North Munda language with fewer than ten thousand speakers which has remained largely unexplored by documentary linguists. This research draws on primary linguistic data of Asur to document and describe the connectives in the language. While the term connective is often treated as synonymous with conjunctions, it encompasses a broader range of grammatical elements, including pre-/post-positions, adverbs, and particles, all of which serve the semantic role of linking constituents within a sentence. The study explores the various constructions in the Asur language that fall under the umbrella term connectives. Within this broad category of connectives, Asur has postpositions, particles, and conjunctive particles that function to connect constituents in a sentence, either through coordination or subordination. The discussion highlights different semantic and syntactic types of connectives in Asur, including additive, adversative, alternative, and illative conjunctions, as well as quotatives, relativizers, and conjunctive participles. Particular attention is given to particles such as ci and hoʔ, which serve as connectives in Asur. In addition to native constructions, the discussion addresses borrowed connective structures and words from Hindi and highlights similarities of connective words and structures (syntactic and sematic) with related Munda languages
Environmental Impacts of Aquaculture in the Philippines
Full text linkAquaculture is one of the fastest-growing industries globally, hailed as a crucial source of aquatic food for human consumption. In the Philippines, a nation with a significant stake in global aquaculture, this sector not only supports food security and provides livelihoods but also boosts the national economy by generating valuable export revenue. However, the rapid expansion of aquaculture in the country has sparked concerns, particularly regarding its environmental footprint. This work critically reviews the environmental impacts of aquaculture in the Philippines by reviewing available literature published from 1918 up to the present on the environmental impacts of Philippine aquaculture using relevant keywords from databases like Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate, and some Philippine government databases like the Philippine Statistics Authority and Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. While aquaculture plays a key role in ensuring food security, sustaining livelihoods, and supporting the country’s economic growth, it has also been linked to several environmental issues. These include the destruction of mangrove habitats, degradation of seagrass ecosystems, sediment disruption, water pollution, and declining water quality. Moreover, the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes and residues in farmed species, alongside the introduction of non-native species, has triggered biodiversity imbalances and ecosystem degradation. This review underscores the urgent need for mitigation strategies to address these environmental impacts and proposes actionable solutions. Looking ahead, the future of Philippine aquaculture will depend on how well it balances growth with sustainability, ensuring the sector's continued contribution to the economy and the environment
Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth, Feed Utilization, and Body Composition of Tire Track Eel (<em>Mastacembelus favus</em>) Fingerlings
No full textThis study aimed to determine the optimal protein and lipid levels for tire track eel (Mastacembelus favus) fingerlings. Nine test diets comprised three protein levels (40, 45, and 50%) and three lipid levels (6, 9, and 12%). The experiment was conducted in triplicate for 56 days. The initial sizes of fish varied from 3 to 5 g. There were significant interaction effects between protein and lipid levels on final body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. The dietary protein levels affected weight gain and daily weight gain, while the dietary lipid levels affected length gain. The protein-sparing effect of lipids did not occur in the fingerling stage. Daily feed intake was affected by dietary protein levels but not lipid levels. Feed conversion ratios were lower with increased lipid levels; the lowest value was found at the protein level of 45%. The protein efficiency rates of fish were improved with increased dietary protein levels but were reduced with increased dietary lipids. Increasing dietary lipid levels of the fish resulted in higher body lipid deposition. Survival rates were high and were not affected by the experimental diets. The optimal levels of dietary protein and lipid for growth performance and feed utilization of the Mastacembelus favus fingerlings were 40% and 9%, respectively
Effects of Adding Purslane (<em>Portulaca oleracea</em>) as a Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Muscle Composition, Fatty Acid Profile, and Productive Performance in Tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>)
No full textThis study evaluated the effect of diets enriched with purslane flour (P. oleracea) on production variables, muscle composition, and fatty acid profile in Nile tilapia. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were prepared, incorporating 0% (CTRL), 5% (V-5), 10% (V-10), and 15% (V-15) of P. oleracea flour. Trials were conducted in triplicate with an initial average weight (2.93±0.17 g), and the fish were fed the experimental diets for 60 days. The inclusion of 100 g/kg of purslane significantly increased (p\<0.05) the lipid content in the fillet. However, at 150 g/kg, protein content decreased (p\<0.05), while levels of 20:5 n-3 (EPA) (3.27%) and 22:6 n-3 (DHA) (4.14%) in the tilapia fillet increased (p\<0.05), with a 100% survival rate reported in all treatments. The results demonstrate that up to 100 g/kg of purslane flour can be included in diets for Nile tilapia without negatively affecting productive performance, and up to 150 g/kg when the objective is to improve the nutritional quality of the tilapia fillet
