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Inclusiveness and ASAO Membership Categories
When the author first encountered the Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania (ASAO) as a graduate student in 1982, she had a sense that new people were embraced and that status differences were minimally visible. Furthermore, since that time the organization has grown to include and welcome people other than anthropologists and other than scholars, and innovative types of sessions have been allowed at the meetings. Pacific Island scholars have been encouraged to participate, and the number of international members has grown. Nonetheless, there has been tension over the years regarding inclusiveness, especially with regard to categories of membership and the rights accorded various types of members. As the association has grown, voting rights have expanded from the relatively small category of Fellow to all individual members
Reduction of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Counts in a Mangrove-Riverine System in Capiz, Philippines - Preliminary Data
The anthropogenic impact of effluents and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in aquaculture promotes the emergence and proliferation of antibiotic resistant (ABR) bacteria. Comparative total bacterial and ABR counts were determined from 3 locations of the Cadimahan river of Capiz province, Philippines. The upstream station showed lower total bacterial but higher ABR counts, which is the inverse of the downstream station which showed higher total bacterial but lower ABR counts. The ABR counts accounted for 0.0173%, 0.0043% and 0.0002% of the total bacterial counts for upstream, midstream, and downstream, respectively, showing a strong inverse correlation of -0.84 in the Pearson correlation coefficient. This result suggests a remediating effect potentially mediated by microbial dynamics in the Mangrove-riverine system