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Operational Characteristics that Support Tipping
No full textDigital tipping has led to an expansion in the numbers and types of workers seeking tips, and legislation to stop taxing tip income may fuel more such efforts. However, my research on occupational differences in tipping suggests that such efforts are likely to meet with limited success. I have found that occupations are more likely to be tipped if they are characterized by one or more of the following six attributes: (1) customized service, (2) worker interactions with customers that are visible to others, (3) service that is relatively easy for customers to evaluate, (4 and 5) customers who are happier and wealthier than workers, and (6) workers that handle customer payment of the bill. These findings suggest that not all occupations can become commonly tipped. Efforts to increase tipping in traditionally non-tipped occupations are likely to be more successful to the degree that they share the six characteristics of traditionally tipped occupations listed here. On the other hand, non-tipped occupations that share few characteristics with traditionally tipped occupations are likely to encounter resistance to requests for tips and may want to abandon those requests. Furthermore, the findings suggest that those workers and managers who do ask for tips in non-traditional settings should also try to (1) draw consumers’ attention to the characteristics that their occupations share with traditionally tipped occupations and (2) appeal to tipper motivations that are consistent with those shared occupational characteristics
Computational Design of a Bicyclic Peptide Inhibitor Targeting the ICOS/ICOS-L Protein-Protein Interaction.
No full textThe interaction between the inducible T-cell costimulatory molecule (ICOS) and its ligand (ICOS-L) is a critical pathway in T-cell activation and immune regulation. We computationally designed a bicyclic peptide (CP5) that inhibits the ICOS/ICOS-L protein-protein interaction (PPI). Using the structural insights derived from the ICOS/ICOS-L co-crystal structure (PDB: 6X4G) and bias-exchange metadynamics simulations (BE-META), we first designed monocyclic peptide candidates containing the β-strand (residues 51-55 51YVYWQ55) of ICOS-L that interact with ICOS. Using Rosetta's flex ddG calculations and further disulfide-bond restraint, we arrived at CP5 (cyclo-RVY[CQPGWC]WVLpG) as a potential ICOS/ICOS-L inhibitor. Using dynamic light scattering (DLS), we examined the interaction between CP5 and ICOS. Importantly, we validated the ICOS/ICOS-L inhibitory activity of CP5 using both TR-FRET assay and ELISA. Notably, CP5 demonstrated satisfactory in vitro pharmacokinetic properties, such as metabolic stability and lipophilicity, positioning it as a promising candidate for further drug development. Our findings provide a foundation for future drug discovery efforts aiming to develop cyclic peptides that specifically target the ICOS/ICOS-L interaction.2026-05-0
Empowering managers: Embracing diversity, consistency, and attitude for success
No full textThe August 2025 issue of The Manager, published by Progressive Dairy, features the content presented at the Operations Managers Conference.This issue of The Manager is published by Progressive Dairy and printing is sponsored by Papillon
Deletion of the transcription factor ATF4 in a model of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
No full textClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer in adults. We generated TRAnsgenic of Cancer of the Kidney (TRACK) mice that express a triple-mutant (P402A, P564A, and N803A) human HIF1α construct specifically in their proximal tubule (PT) cells. We demonstrated that the elevated lipid content found in human ccRCCs is mimicked in these TRACK PT cells. Additionally, we reported that ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), a transcription factor, and its target genes were highly expressed both in human ccRCCs and in TRACK PT cells. To delineate the functions of ATF4 in ccRCC we have now generated TRACK mice in which the ATF4 gene is specifically deleted in PT cells (GCREA∆T). Our genome-wide transcriptomics and proteomics studies show that expression of ∼20 % of mRNAs and proteins is significantly altered in GCREA∆T compared to TRACK kidney cortices. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEAs) of mRNAs demonstrate that the fatty acid metabolism pathway is upregulated in TRACK vs WT and that, conversely, ATF4 deletion reduces mRNAs in the fatty acid metabolism pathway (e.g., ATP citrate lyase). Moreover, some transcripts elevated in human ccRCC are reduced in GCREA∆T vs. TRACK kidney cortices and cystic, pre-cancerous lesions are also reduced. Thus, ATF4 actions increase both lipid droplet accumulation in this ccRCC model and oncogenesis-related gene expression. These data suggest that ATF4 contributes to the formation of ccRCC tumors and may be a potential therapeutic target
2023-2024 Year in Review
No full text2023-2024 Annual Review published by the staff of the Leland C. and Mary M. Pillsbury Institute for Hospitality Entrepreneurship (PIHE) at Cornell University's Nolan School of Hotel Administration
Data and scripts from: Transfer to a Naturalistic Setting Restructures Fear Responses in Laboratory Mice
No full textMatthew Zipple, Bryson Loflin, Daniel Chang Kuo, Erin Tan, Michael Sheehan (2025) Data and scripts from: Transfer to a Naturalistic Setting Restructures Fear Responses in Laboratory Mice. [dataset] Cornell University Library eCommons Repository. https://doi.org/10.7298/e1mw-ax26These files contain data supporting all results reported in Zipple et al. "Transfer to a Naturalistic Setting Restructures
Fear Responses in Laboratory Mice".
Appropriately classifying a stimulus as threatening or benign depends on a lifetime of novel and dynamic environmental
experiences. Animals living in natural environments encounter a wide range of experiences that help them gauge
whether a stimulus is threatening. Yet, most behavioral studies of animal anxiety and fear responses are conducted on
animals living in laboratory environments that are static and impoverished compared to free-living conditions. In this
context, a widely used assay of anxiety behavior—the elevated plus maze—produces a persistent fear response after a
single exposure despite being a benign exploration assay. Transferring adult mice from the lab to a large field
enclosure mimicking natural mouse environments was sufficient to alter the development of a fear response and
recover baseline performance on this anxiety assay. A canonical rodent anxiety phenotype is thus environmentally
contingent and rapidly reversible, highlighting the risks of inferring general behavioral principles from impoverished
housing conditions.NSF Award #2109636
NIH Project #5R24AG065172-03
Cornell Universit
Miles from Justice: Uncovering Transit Inequality in Ahmedabad’s Neighborhoods
No full textIn Ahmedabad’s peripheral neighborhoods—Naroda, Isanpur, and Ranip—mobility is not a step toward opportunity, but a daily battle for dignity. Based on in-depth interviews, community engagement, and field observation, this study uncovers how broken first-mile infrastructure, unaffordable commutes, and gendered safety concerns create a transit system that systematically excludes the very people who rely on it most. By centering lived experiences, this report argues that mobility is not merely about efficiency or infrastructure—it is about access, agency, and justice. Reframing transit as a public good rather than a service, this work calls for a shift in planning paradigms toward people-first mobility that centers dignity, inclusion, and equity. Without equitable mobility, cities do not just move unevenly—they leave people behind
A TALE OF TWO STEEL CITIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA AND BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
No full textThis paper examines the structural shifts of economic development planning in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Birmingham, Alabama following the rapid decline of steel production in the United States over the latter half of the twentieth century. The paper is a historical analysis of the steel industry’s former presence and economic dominance in both Pittsburgh and Birmingham and examines the factors that led to the success of the former industry in both cities. Additionally, the paper provides commentary on the forces that led to both city’s need to restructure their economy following the collapse of United States steel production. Finally, the paper provides commentary on the lasting institutions facilitated by steel production’s presence in both cities and the current industries that now dominate both cities’ economies following the loss of a significant portion of their former steel industry.Stein Institute at Cornell Universit
LAND VALUE CAPTURE FOR EQUITABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA: A GAME THEORATIC MODEL FROM MATHARE 4B
No full textUrban development in Nairobi, Kenya, is characterized by spatial inequality and fiscal exclusion. Over half the city’s residents live in informal settlements such as Mathare, where state-led upgrading has repeatedly faltered due to affordability constraints and governance failures. This paper explores how land value capture (LVC) can support equitable upgrading by channeling the increments of land appreciation into subsidies for low-income residents. Drawing from my field engagement in Mathare 4B, this paper proposes a redistributive LVC model that taxes the land value uplift associated with formal development and redirects revenue to shared infrastructure, future slum upgradations and rent relief. However, this approach requires participatory planning, tenured land, and housing design. Stakeholder behavior in Nairobi’s informal settlements is shaped by uncertainty, mistrust, and the collective memory of exclusion. This paper applies game theory to model stakeholder behavior dynamics, identifying how credible commitment, participatory signaling, and iterative negotiation can shift outcomes from conflict to cooperation
