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«The men all have gone, but women have stayed». Mothers and activists in Langston Hughes' works on the Spanish Civil War
No full textLangston Hughes, llegó como corresponsal de guerra a España en 1937. De esta experiencia profesional y vital surgió una amplia y variada producción que abarcó diferentes géneros literarios, entre los que destaca el poético. Dentro de este último, Hughes reserva un lugar al universo femenino dentro del entorno bélico que observa a su paso, e incorpora perfiles femeninos a su búsqueda universal de liberación. Este trabajo profundiza en los perfiles de la madre y la activista, mujeres que convergen en un escenario de calamidad y dolor en el que rezuman una potentísima fuerza emocional alejada de cualquier estereotipo de género.Langston Hughes arrived as a war correspondent in Spain in 1937. This professional and life experience gave rise to a wide and diverse production that encompassed different literary genres, among which the poetic one stands out. Within it, Hughes reserves a space for the feminine universe in the war environment he observes as he passes by and incorporates women' s profiles into his universal quest for liberation. This work delves into the roles of the mother and the activist, women who converge in a scenario of calamity and pain in which they ooze a powerful emotional force far from any gender stereotype
Far from the walking pace. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of the suboptimal locomotion speeds in non‐adult humans
No full textIntroduction: Locomotion activities are part of most human daily tasks and are the basis for subsistence activities, particularly for hunter–gatherers. Therefore, differences in speed walking-related variables may have an effect, not only on the mobility of the group, but also on its composition. Some anthropometric parameters related to body length could affect walking speed-related variables and contribute to different human behaviors. However, there is currently little information on the influence of these parameters in nonadult individuals.
Methods: Overall, 11 females and 17 male child/adolescents, 8–17 years of age, volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. Five different pace walking tests were performed on a treadmill to calculate the optimal locomotion speed (OLS) and U-shaped relationship between the walking energy expenditure and speed (χ2 cost of transport [CoT]) (i.e., energetic walking flexibility).
Results: The mean OLS was 3.05 ± 0.13 miles per hour (mph), with no differences between sexes. Similarly, there were no sex differences in walking flexibility according to the χ2 CoT. Body height (p < .0001) and femur length (p < .001) were positively correlated with χ2 CoT; however, female child/adolescents mitigated the effect of height and femur length when walking at suboptimal speeds.
Conclusion: Consistent with prior observations in adults, our findings suggest that anthropometric parameters related to body stature are associated with reduced suboptimal walking flexibility in children and adolescents. Taken together, these results suggest that children and adolescents can adapt their pace to the one of taller individuals without a highly energetic penalty, but this flexibility decreases with increasing body size.Margarita Salas Postdoctoral; SpanishMinistry of Universities and the EuropeanUnion—Next Generation EU; VirginiaTech Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship;Virginia Tech Translational ObesityResearch Interdisciplinary GraduateEducation Predoctoral Fellowship;Virginia Tech Human Nutrition Foodsand Exercise Postdoctoral Fellowshi
A Comparison of AI-Enabled Techniques for the Detection of Attacks in IoT Devices
No full textComunicación presentada en: 17th International Conference on Computational Intelligence in Security for Information Systems (CISIS 2024) and 15th International Conference on European Transnational Education (ICEUTE 2024), 9-11 October 2024, Salamanca (Spain)The purpose of this research is to enhance the security of Internet of Things devices. The deployment of these gadgets has increased exponentially, nowadays they can be found in every sector from industrial environments to applications in residential homes. This technology is important for enterprises due to the ability to manage different kind of data and control critical operations in an efficiently way. Consequently, these devices have become frequent targets of cyberattacks, highlighting the necessity of robust detection methods. However it is a complicated task to find a uniform security solution due to the variety of devices, with different capabilities and requirements. This study evaluates some artificial intelligence supervised learning algorithms such as XGBoost and Random Forest using the TON_IoT dataset, which are new generations of Internet of Things and Industrial datasets for evaluating the fidelity and the efficiency of different cybersecurity applications based on Artificial Intelligence. The analysis shows both algorithms are effective in detecting cyberattacks, achieving accuracies close to 98%, with a minimal variation in terms of precision and recall. These algorithms outperform the results obtained in previous works with the same dataset, then they can provide an additional security layer, allowing accurate identification of potential attacks. This research shows the importance of artificial intelligence algorithms in cybersecurity and their potential to improve the protection of this kind of devices.This publication is part of the AI4SECIoT project (“Artificial Intelligence for Securing IoT Devices”), funded by the National Cybersecurity Institute (INCIBE) - Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation, and the European Union (NextGenerationEU*/PRTR)
Dataset of the work 'Driving sustainability at early-stage innovation in producion of zinc oxide nanoparticles'
No full textThis dataset contains the data required to perform the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA), Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), as well as the results of these analyses, of the work 'Driving sustainability at early-stage innovation in producion of zinc oxide nanoparticles'This work was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 953152) in the context of the ‘Diagonal’ projec
When and How Information About Economic Inequality Affects Attitudes Towards Redistribution
No full textPerceived economic inequality is positively associated with public support for policies to reduce it. However, providing information about economic inequality does
not necessarily motivate people to support redistributive policies. This inconsistency may be due to how people interpret the information about inequality. We
argue that the interpretation of information about inequality difers between individuals as a function of the characteristics of the source and people’s ideologies.
We conducted two experiments using an exploratory (N=239) and confrmatory
(N=707) strategy. We found that attitudes toward redistribution increased when a
seemingly neutral international institution (as opposed to a left-wing political party)
provided information about economic inequality due to the credibility attributed to
the source—but not due to power and familiarity. Moreover, the efect of providing information about inequality on support for redistribution (via source credibility)
depended on people’s ideologies: it was positive and statistically signifcant for people who held more (vs. less) system-justifying beliefs. These fndings contribute to
understanding the interplay between social psychological processes, communication
strategies, and attitudes toward redistribution.The present research was supported by the University of Granada [Grant No. PPJIB2018.08
Detection of the Principal Foodborne Pathogens in Seafood and Seafood-Related Environments
No full textThe number of bacterial gastroenteritis associated with seafood products has increased considerably during last decades. Among the bacterial pathogens that can produce gastroenteritis associated with seafood products, three can be considered a primary threat: the enteropathogenic Vibrio, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. Microbiological quality control programs are being increasingly applied throughout the seafood production chain in order to minimize the risk of infection for consumers. In this chapter, we will revise the most relevant aspect of the detection strategies developed for those main bacterial pathogens
The Moderating Role of Affective Polarization on Party Cues: The Case of the Prostitution Ban
No full textAffective polarization is a recent yet widespread phenomenon in democracies that significantly impacts various aspects of politics. In this paper, we argue that it can also shape citizens’ political beliefs through party cues. Using a panel survey experiment in Spain, we examine the extent to which partisan signals influence citizens’ attitudes toward a non-party-branded issue, specifically the ban on prostitution, and how affective polarization moderates this effect. Our results underscore the role of affective polarization in moderating the influence of partisan cues, particularly among highly polarized individuals. These findings highlight the capacity of affective polarization not only to deepen political divisions but also to expand the scope of partisan influence to non-politicized and neutral issues, offering new insights into its potential impact on attitude formation and decision-making.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors received financial support for the research from Junta de Castilla y León (BU060G19)
Gel polymer electrolyte-based dual screen-printed electrodes for the headspace quantification of 4-ethylphenol and ethanethiol simultaneously in wines
No full textThe identification and correction of negative factors, such as 4-ethylphenol and ethanethiol, is important to comply with food safety regulations and avoid economic losses to wineries. A simple amperometric measurement procedure that facilitates the simultaneous quantification of both compounds in the gas phase has been developed using fullerene and cobalt (II) phthalocyanine-modified dual screen-printed electrodes coated with a room temperature ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolyte. The replacement of the typical aqueous supporting electrolyte by low-volatility ones improves both operational and storage lifetime. Under the optimum conditions of the experimental variables, Britton Robinson buffer pH 5 and applied potentials of + 0.86 V and + 0.40 V for each working electrode (vs. Ag ref. electrode), reproducibility values of 7.6% (n = 3) for 4-ethylphenol and 6.6% (n = 3) for ethanethiol were obtained, as well as capability of detection values of 23.8 μg/L and decision limits of 1.3 μg/L and 9.2 μg/L (α = β = 0.05), respectively. These dual electrochemical devices have successfully been applied to the headspace detection of both compounds in white and red wines, showing their potential to be routinely used for rapid analysis control in wineries.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020-117095RB-I00/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033)
Changing Spanish preservice teachers' environmental attitudes with a citizen science program integrated in Environmental Education subject
No full textThis research analyzes the effect of the implementation ofcitizen science activities in the Environmental Education(EE) subject program of the Degree in Primary Educationapplying Experiential Learning Theory. EnvironmentalAttitudes Inventory (EAI) was used to measure the changein environmental attitudes (EA) of 173 preservice teachersthrough a pre-test–post-test experimental design withouta control group. Participation in the training program sig-nificantly improved EA in the 12 dimensions defined in theEAI. Of the dimensions included in the second order factorPreservation, Enjoyment of nature reached the largest effectsize and Environmental movement activism is the one thatobtains the smallest effect size. With regard to Utilization,all dimensions presented a large effect size. No significantdifferences were found in EA based on the gender variable.It can be concluded that the incorporation of citizen sci-ence activities in the EE program significantly improves EA.Fundación Española para la Ciencia yla Tecnología - Ministerio de Cienciae Innovación; European Commission -Horizon Europe research and innovationprogramme; University of Burgo
Legal challenges of regional fiscal co-responsibility: Conflicts and competence in own and ceded taxes
No full textEl trabajo analiza cómo la autonomía financiera y la corresponsabilidad fiscal de las comunidades autónomas, articuladas a través de su capacidad normativa sobre tributos propios y cedidos, deben enmarcarse dentro de los límites establecidos por el Tribunal Constitucional para evitar desequilibrios, competencia fiscal desleal y falta de cohesión territorial. Aunque el ejercicio de esta capacidad es legítimo, requiere respetar principios fundamentales como la solidaridad interterritorial, la lealtad institucional y la unidad del sistema fiscal. El análisis jurisprudencial subraya que la corresponsabilidad fiscal no puede transformarse en una herramienta de competencia entre territorios, sino que debe garantizar la suficiencia financiera bajo parámetros que preserven la equidad y sostenibilidad del modelo. La reflexión final enfatiza la necesidad de un enfoque conjunto para la tributación sobre la riqueza, evitando que esta sea fuente de tensiones regionales y asegurando que los mecanismos diseñados para reforzar el modelo promuevan la cohesión territorial y la justicia fiscal.The study examines how the financial autonomy and fiscal co-responsibility of the autonomous communities, articulated through their regulatory capacity over assigned and own taxes, must be framed within the limits established by the Constitutional Court to avoid imbalances, unfair tax competition, and a lack of territorial cohesion. While exercising this capacity is legitimate, it must respect fundamental principles such as interterritorial solidarity, institutional loyalty, and the unity of the tax system. The jurisprudential analysis highlights that fiscal co-responsibility cannot turn into a tool for competition between regions but must ensure financial sufficiency under parameters that preserve equity and the sustainability of the system. The final reflection emphasizes the need for a joint approach to wealth taxation, ensuring it does not become a source of regional tension and that mechanisms designed to strengthen the system promote territorial cohesion and fiscal justice