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Validation of the Health Protective Sexual Communication Scale Among Young Adults in the United Kingdom and Spain
No full textBackground and Purpose: The transmission of sexual infections is increasing globally. The research aims to validate the Health Protective Sexual Communication Scale (HPSC) in English and Spanish. Methods: The study survey was administered to 1,223 university students from Spain (658) and the United Kingdom (565) during the academic year 2020-2021. Results: Cronbach's alpha values were .80 (Spain) and .86 (United Kingdom). The scale's Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis displays a one-dimensional structure of eight items in both countries. Conclusions: The HPSC has excellent reliability and validity. Psychometric findings support the use of the HPSC as a screening tool to measure sexual risk in youth
Research on Artificial Intelligence. A proposal for bibliometric analysis in Spain and LATAM
No full textEsta investigación utiliza el análisis bibliométrico para evaluar si la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) es un campo de investigación maduro. A partir de 609 artículos de la base de datos Web of Science, los resultados muestran que en España la investigación en IA es madura, con un enfoque en periodismo y tecnología, y cuenta con grupos de referencia y fundamentos teóricos bien definidos. En LATAM, el campo es menos desarrollado y más atomizado. Las tendencias en ambos contextos se centran en periodismo, desinformación y redes sociales.This research uses bibliometric analysis to assess whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a mature research field. Based on 609 articles from the Web of Science database, the results show that AI research in Spain is mature, with a focus on journalism and technology, and features established reference groups and well-defined theoretical foundations. In LATAM, the field is less developed and more fragmented. Trends in both contexts are centred on journalism, disinformation, and social media.Proyectos a los que pertenece esta investigación:"Desafiar las narrativas online de odio político y misoginia" (PID2023-147506OB-I00), financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)You and AI: Inteligencia Artificial contra los delitos de Odio (Referencia 78), Proyectos INNOVA UCM, 202
Latent variable model inversion for intervals. Application to tolerance intervals in class-modelling situations, and specification limits in process control
No full textThe paper deals with the inversion of intervals when a PLS (Partial Least Squares) model is used. However, instead of discretizing the interval, it is proved that the region resulting from the inversion of a PLS model is a convex set bounded by two parallel hyperplanes, each corresponding to the direct inversion of each endpoint of the given interval.
When the domain of the input variables is a convex set, any feasible solution with predictions within the interval set in the response can be obtained as a convex combination of a point on each of the two hyperplanes. In this way, the new solutions preserve the internal structure of the input variables.
This methodology can be of interest in several domains where the response under study is defined in terms of an interval of admissible values, such as specifications for a product in an industrial process, or tolerance intervals for computing compliant class-models.
The inversion of the corresponding fitted model defines a region in the input space (predictor variables) whose predictions fall within the specified interval. Then, estimating and exploring this region will increase the information about the problem under study
Analyzing the Rules of the Game: Characteristics and Effects of Presidential Primary Elections in Honduras
No full textObjetivo/contexto: ¿qué características adopta el sistema de primarias
presidenciales? y ¿cuáles son los efectos de las primarias en el sistema político
hondureño? Honduras figura entre los países precursores en América Latina en
adoptar el sistema de primarias como mecanismo de democracia interna de las
estructuras partidarias para seleccionar a sus candidatos a la presidencia, al Poder
Legislativo y a los cargos municipales. Si bien los partidos no tienen la obligación de
acudir a primarias para seleccionar a sus candidatos, la ley indica su obligatoriedad
para aquellas agrupaciones políticas que cuentan con más de un movimiento interno.
Así, con el paso de los años, luego de ocho experiencias —en algunos partidos
políticos— se encuentran afianzadas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el origen
del sistema de primarias presidenciales en Honduras, sus características, así como sus
efectos en el sistema político. Metodología: para ello se analizan todas las elecciones
primarias celebradas desde su adopción hasta la actualidad. Conclusiones: la
evidencia indica que, si bien el sistema de elecciones primarias ha permitido dirimir
conflictos internos en los partidos, también ha contribuido a la consolidación del
clientelismo político en el país. Originalidad: este trabajo aporta herramientas para
el análisis del proceso de selección de candidatos presidenciales en un contexto
político de baja competencia programática, clientelismo y elevado personalismo.Objective/Context: What characteristics does the presidential primary
system adopt? And what are the effects of the primaries on the Honduran political
system? Honduras is among the precursor countries in Latin America to adopt the primary system as a mechanism of internal democracy within party structures to
select their presidential, legislative, and municipal candidates. Although parties
are not obliged to use primaries to select their candidates, the law mandates it for
those political groups that have more than one internal movement. Thus, over the
years, after eight experiences—in some political parties—the system has become
established. The objective of this work is to analyze the origin of the presidential
primary system in Honduras, its characteristics, and its effects on the political
system. Methodology: This involves analyzing all primary elections held since
their adoption to the present. Conclusions: the evidence indicates that, while the
primary election system has allowed for the resolution of internal conflicts within
parties, it has also contributed to the consolidation of political clientelism in the
country. Originality: this work provides tools for analyzing the process of selecting
presidential candidates in a political context of low programmatic competition,
clientelism, and high personalism.Objetivo/contexto: quais características o sistema de primárias presidenciais
adota? E quais são os efeitos das primárias no sistema político hondurenho?
Honduras figura entre os países precursores na América Latina a adotar o sistema
de primárias como mecanismo de democracia interna das estruturas partidárias
para selecionar seus candidatos à presidência, ao Poder Legislativo e aos cargos
municipais. Embora os partidos não sejam obrigados a recorrer a primárias para
selecionar seus candidatos, a lei indica sua obrigatoriedade para aquelas agrupações
políticas que contam com mais de um movimento interno. Assim, com o passar
dos anos, após oito experiências — em alguns partidos políticos — encontram-se
consolidadas. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a origem do sistema de primárias
presidenciais em Honduras, suas características, bem como seus efeitos no sistema
político. Metodologia: para isso, analisam-se todas as eleições primárias realizadas
desde sua adoção até a atualidade. Conclusões: a evidência indica que, embora
o sistema de eleições primárias tenha permitido resolver conflitos internos nos
partidos, também contribuiu para a consolidação do clientelismo político no país.
Originalidade: este trabalho fornece ferramentas para a análise do processo de
seleção de candidatos presidenciais em um contexto político de baixa competição
programática, clientelismo e elevado personalismo
Clasismo hostil y admiración: antecedentes de la humanidad percibida de los grupos de alto y bajo estatus socioeconómico
No full textPrevious research shows that animalistically dehumanizing low-socioeconomic-status (SES) groups, compared to high, favours maintaining socioeconomic differences. Less is known about the variables that trigger the (de)humanization of these groups. We rely on previous literature about the causes of dehumanization to perform an extended analysis of the variables that potentially predict the attribution of humanity to these groups. In a large study (N = 765), we included several steps using hierarchical regression analysis to identify the contribution of each psychosocial process. Results highlight that low-SES (de)humanization was predicted by unrest and security towards the poor along with social dominance and hostile classic attitudes, while high-SES (de)humanization was predicted by individuals’ sex, admiration and (lack of) shame towards the rich. This double path of ascribing humanity to groups based on their status is discussed and practical interventions to narrow the perceived humanity gap between low and high SES are highlighted.Investigaciones previas muestran que la deshumanización animalista de los grupos de nivel socioeconómico (NSE) bajo, frente a los de NSE alto, favorece que se perpetúen las diferencias socioeconómicas. Sin embargo, nuestro conocimiento sobre las variables que provocan la (des)humanización de estos grupos es escaso. Este estudio se basa en la literatura previa sobre las causas de la deshumanización para llevar a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de las variables potencialmente predictoras de la atribución de humanidad a estos grupos. En un estudio a gran escala (N = 765) realizamos un análisis de regresión jerárquica en diversos pasos para identificar la contribución de cada proceso psicosocial. Los resultados revelan que la intranquilidad y la seguridad respecto los estratos más pobres, así como la dominancia social y el clasismo hostil predecían la (des)humanización de los grupos de bajo NSE, mientras que para la (des)humanización de los grupos de NSE alto, los principales predictores fueron el sexo de la persona, la admiración y la (ausencia de) vergüenza respecto a los más ricos. Se discute esta doble vía de atribución de humanidad a los grupos en función de su respectivo NSE, así como posibles intervenciones prácticas para reducir la brecha de humanidad percibida entre los grupos de NSE alto y bajo.We acknowledge support from the Centre for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies — COES (ANID/FONDAP/15130009). This research was funded by the Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo — ANID — through the programme FONDECYT Postdoctorado 2020 [Project number 3200031] and the publication is also part of the I+D+i project ‘Antecedentes, Manifestaciones y Consecuencias del Clasismo Ambivalente’ (PID2022-136736NA-I00) funded by the MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and FEDER ‘A way to make Europe
Very Accurate Time-Frequency Representation of Induction Motors Harmonics for Fault Diagnosis Under Load Variations
No full textInduction motors work under steady-state in many applications. Nevertheless, in some cases they experience periodic load fluctuations, which generate constant frequency harmonics close to variable frequency bar breakage harmonics. In these cases, time-frequency (t-f) transforms are better suited than steady-state analysis since the fault harmonic frequencies change in time. Even if the healthy and faulty frequencies do not overlap in the spectrum, if the speed is unknown, it is difficult to distinguish the constant frequency healthy harmonic from the variable frequency bar breakage harmonic. On the other hand, transient techniques present in technical literature are not precise enough to deal with both the changing frequency of the bar breakage harmonic and a close constant frequency (as the one generated by most of the periodic load fluctuations). To achieve reliable results under these challenging situations, a very precise time-frequency transform must be used, enabling to simultaneously draw the constant and variable frequencies, even if they are very close in the t-f plane. The Dragon-Transform is here proposed to address the problem. It is shown through simulation and experimental results, how it enables to very accurately plot up to five faulty harmonics evolutions, distinguishing at the same time the constant frequency of the load oscillation, traced as a very thin horizontal line. Precision is so high that even the oscillations caused by ripple effect can be observed for the first time in technical literature, enhancing the reliability of the diagnosis performed, and opening the path for a true solution of the problem
El ser y el deber ser en la selección de candidatos en elecciones adelantadas
No full textLa convocatoria de las elecciones generales del 23 de julio de 2023 estuvo marcada por los resultados de las elecciones autonómicas del 28 de mayo del mismo año.
La premura con la que se disolvieron las Cortes marcó la forma en la que se elaboraron las candidaturas y, por ello, se utilizaron métodos ad hoc para la selección de
las listas electorales por algunas formaciones.
Este trabajo ha tenido en cuenta tanto las instituciones formales como la selección
efectiva de candidatos (Freidenberg, 2003). El análisis formal se ha realizado mediante
los estatutos y su normativa de desarrollo; mientras que los resultados de selección se han
conformado mediante las listas electorales publicadas por la Junta Electoral Central y la
hemeroteca. Este se ha centrado en las principales formaciones de ámbito nacional como
son: el Partido Popular (PP), el Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE), Sumar y Vox.
En el caso de Sumar, se han analizado los dos partidos con implantación estatal como
son Podemos e Izquierda Unida (IU), a nivel formal. El capítulo sigue, en líneas generales, la metodología utilizada por Pardo-Beneyto y Barberà (2023).
Así, el texto se divide de la siguiente forma, después de esta introducción se
define la regulación para, posteriormente, centrarse en la selección efectiva de los
candidatos. Por último, se formularán una serie de consideraciones finales
Activating the SERS features of screen-printed electrodes with thiocyanate for sensitive and robust EC-SERS analysis
No full textThis study presents a novel electrochemical (EC) methodology for activating the SERS features of disposable silver screen-printed electrodes (AgSPEs) using a pseudohalide as a precipitating agent to guide the assembly of a nano-filamentous silver network responsible for a strong SERS enhancement. To the best of our knowledge, the use of thiocyanate for SPEs activation for quantitative purposes has not been reported before. In order to better study this complex system, time-resolved (TR) operando spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) measurements were performed by SERS and UV-Vis and correlated with SEM imaging of the electrode surface at different steps. Moreover, to significantly increase the reproducibility of the assays, a rapid EC protocol was proposed for the first time to obtain a reliable Ag/AgSCN reference electrode (RE) and a comprehensive optimization process was conducted to determine the critical parameters. Additionally, propranolol, as an emerging pharmaceutical pollutant has been selected as a model molecule to demonstrate the applicability of the method for rapid (3 min) quantitative analysis in the nM range from real river and tap water samples.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PID2020-113154RB-C21), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RED2022-134120-T)
The wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) technique in thumb injuries: a systematic review
No full textArtículo de revisiónHuman hands have a complex anatomical structure. The thumb, being an integral part of the hand, has an essential function in gripping. In this sense, thumb fractures account for 4% of all hand fractures (it may occur in association with fractures of the trapezium). The majority of hand fractures should be treated non-surgically and surgeons must avoid unnecessary surgery. Historically, hand surgery has used a combination of local/regional/general anaesthesia and a tourniquet. This study aims to carry out a systematic review to determine whether the WALANT technique is an advantageous alternative to conventional anaesthesia for surgical procedures on thumb injuries, in terms of patient function and pain. Method: We conducted a search in the following databases: Pubmed/Medline, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, using the equation "WALANT" OR "Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet" AND "thumb pathology". Results: In five of the 584 articles included, two studied trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, one De Quervain's disease and the remaining two flexor injuries. WALANT showed good results in active movements, but with similar levels of pain between anaesthetics. Patients were more anxious during general anaesthesia, plus the fact that they were fasting and suspending medication. Conclusion: WALANT is a convenient and favourable option in several studies. It has been demonstrated the benefits in terms of return to function and pain.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study was not funding
Juan del Encina: texto literario y texto espectacular en los impresos teatrales del siglo XVI
No full textEsta investigación aborda el carácter performativo de seis obras teatrales de Juan del Encina mediante el estudio de las huellas de los elementos teatrales que pudieron intervenir en sus respectivas representaciones teatrales. Se emplea, para ello, una metodología ecléctica, que se fundamenta en una labor interdisciplinar, pues se combinan enfoques filológicos y semióticos, y se recurre a artes como la pintura, la música, la danza o la iconología. El objetivo es recuperar y poner en valor el patrimonio teatral del siglo XVI en el contexto peninsular y europeo del Renacimiento.
Las seis piezas teatrales encinianas objeto de estudio se han conservado y transmitido tanto en cancioneros como en pliegos sueltos: se analizan la Égloga representada la noche de Navidad y la Representación ante el muy esclarecido y muy ilustre príncipe don Juan, insertas en el Cancionero de todas las obras de Juan del Enzina con otras cosas nuevamente añadidas (1507; Salamanca, Hans Gysser), el Auto del repelón y la Égloga en la qual se introduzen tres pastores, incluidas en el Cancionero de todas las obras de Juan del Enzina con las coplas de Zambardo: τ con el Auto de repelón en el que se introducen dos pastores, Piernicurto y Johan para τ y con otras cosas nuevamente añadidas (1509; Salamanca, Hans Gysser), y la Égloga nuevamente trobada por Juan del Enzina, adonde se introduze un pastor que con otro se aconseja y la Égloga de los enamorados Plácida y Vitoriano, que únicamente se difundieron a través de pliegos sueltos