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Using Machine-Learning techniques and Virtual Reality to design cutting tools for energy optimization in milling operations
No full textThe selection of a proper cutting tool in machining operations is a critical issue. Tool geometric parameters are essential for milling performance. However, the process engineer has very limited experience of the best parameter combination, due to the high cost of cutting tool tests. The same holds true for bachelor studies on machining processes. This study proposes a new strategy that combines experimental tests, machine-learning modelling and Virtual Reality visualization to overcome these limitations. First, tools with different geometric parameters are tested. Second, the experimental data are modeled with different machine-learning techniques (regression trees, multilayer perceptrons, bagging and random forest ensembles). An in-depth analysis of the influence of each input on model accuracy is performed to reduce experimental costs. The results show that the best model with no cutting-force inputs performed worse than the best model with all the inputs. Third, the most accurate model is used to build 3D graphs of special interest to engineering students as well as process engineers, for the optimization of power consumption under different cutting conditions. Finally, a Virtual Reality environment is presented to train engineering students in the study of the best tool design and cutting parameter optimization.This investigation was partially supported by Projects Grua-RV and ACIS (Reference Number INVESTUN/18/0002 and INVESTUN/21/0002) of the Consejería de Empleo e Industria of the Junta de Castilla y León, co-financed through European Union FEDER funds, by project SMART-EASY project (Reference Number IDI-20191008) funded by the Spanish Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico e Industrial (CDTI), by Project Smart-Label (Reference Number PID2020-119894GB-I00) and project PDC2021-121792-I00, both funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and by Project Elkatek KK-2021/00003 funded by the Basque Government
Trazas, proyectos y diseños de la Edad Moderna en Burgos en el Archivo Histórico Provincial, 1572-1802
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Responsabilidad Social Corporativa y formación en la generación de valor: Aplicaciones prosumidoras en el audiovisual de proximidad
No full textTeaching subjects related to audiovisual production could be considered an ideal issue to develop the use of the production dossier. This model with a portfolio format, used in the professional world, allows students to intuitively develop the prosumer role, creating local audiovisual content within the framework of a mock audiovisual production company, which generates value from the initial script in a way that following this model, the trainer can build skills in Corporate Social Responsibility so that students and companies can implement these policies in their operations
Centralisation of thermal installations using renewable energies for a group of blocks of flats
No full textAproximadamente el 30 % de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, tienen su origen en los edificios,
principalmente en la quema de combustibles de origen fósil. Para remediarlo, los organismos internacionales impulsan políticas
para reducir estas cifras, tanto en edificios nuevos como rehabilitaciones. Ante esta situación, se ha realizado un estudio energético
de un edificio residencial de siete plantas con 217 viviendas situado en Burgos (España), para conocer sus demandas, consumos y
emisiones en su estado actual, con la intención de disminuirlos, mediante la implementación de nuevas tecnologías que cumplan con
los requisitos mínimos exigidos por la legislación vigente. El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de la viabilidad y el proyecto de
sustitución de 217 calderas individuales (gas natural). Tras una evaluación de las distintas soluciones posibles se ha optado por una
instalación centralizada de calderas de biomasa y apoyadas por energía solar, con el fin de satisfacer las demandas anuales de
calefacción y ACS.Approximately 30 % of greenhouse gas emissions originate in buildings, mainly from the burning of fossil fuels. To
remedy this, international organisations are promoting policies to reduce these figures, both in new buildings and in renovations.
In view of this situation, an energy study has been carried out on a seven-storey residential building with 217 dwellings located in
Burgos (Spain), in order to find out its demands, consumption and emissions in its current state, with the intention of reducing them
by implementing new technologies that comply with the minimum requirements demanded by current legislation. The aim of this
work is to study the feasibility and the project for the replacement of 217 individual boilers (natural gas). After an evaluation of the
different possible solutions, a centralised installation of biomass boilers supported by solar energy has been chosen in order to meet
the annual heating and DHW demands
La obesidad como temática cinematográfica: un enfoque desde la responsabilidad social del sector
No full textEl trabajo interpretativo de las actrices y actores depende, en buena medida, de las
características físicas de los personajes que puedan interpretar. Si a ello se le suma una
situación laboral precaria, con un trabajo esporádico por definición, en el que el número
de sesiones o jornadas de trabajo es escaso, la ausencia en los guiones de personajes
protagónicos con ciertas características físicas específicas como la obesidad, refuerza la
competencia entre los intérpretes por acometer dichos personajes, incrementando la
dificultad para desarrollar una carrera profesional estable y amplia, en aquellos actores
y actrices que se salen de “la norma” física en cuanto al peso. Así, dichas actrices y
actores con el carácter físico de la obesidad se topan tanto con una absoluta falta de
oportunidades laborales, como con un encasillamiento por su aspecto físico. Esto supone
que se les encierre en personajes con una caracterización ética preestablecida, la
decidida como “normal” desde la entidad que produce las películas, y/o la exclusión de
los personajes obesos del rol protagónico de los metrajes, derivándose hacia meros roles
secundarios o incluso más ocasionales. Esta situación refuerza la precariedad laboral,
por unos cachés mínimos legales menores, establecidos anualmente en el Convenio de
Actores y Actrices, con el añadido de que los papeles secundarios implican un menor
número de jornadas de trabajo. A esto se suma que la caracterización peyorativa de los
personajes obesos refuerza la construcción del mismo tipo de imagen en la sociedad
The influence of the positive affective trait on the willingness to act entrepreneurially: The mediating effect of opportunity evaluation
Get PDFThis article extends previous literature on opportunity evaluation by analysing how positive affect influences opportunity evaluation and the subsequent willingness to act entrepreneurially. We draw on two mediational channels (i.e., the affect-to-affect-to-outcome and affect-to-cognition routes) regarding the influence of affect on positive outcomes upon arguments that opportunity evaluation comprises of the cognitive representations of the focal opportunity and of oneself. Specifically, we analyse the mediating effects of the image of the opportunity and self-efficacy in the relationship between positive affect and the willingness to act entrepreneurially. We test our hypotheses on a sample of nascent entrepreneurs participating in training programmes in six Spanish incubators whom were asked to evaluate their own opportunities. Our findings show that positive affect exerts a positive indirect effect through the image of the opportunity, but do not indicate any mediating effect of self-efficacy. These findings may help entrepreneurs understand the affective subjectivity of their opportunity assessments.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors want to acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project PID2020-120288GB-I00)
Propuesta de reagrupación de los tipos de cielo ISO/CIE mediante técnicas de aprendizaje supervisado
No full textComunicación presentada en: CIES 2022 - XVIII Congreso Ibérico y XIV Congreso Iberoamericano de Energía Solar. Palma de Mallorca, 20 al 22 de junio de 2022El aprovechamiento de la iluminación natural permite aumentar la calidad de vida y desarrollar la actividad humana. Para modelar la luminancia, la Comisión Internacional de Iluminación (CIE) propone una clasificación estándar que comprende quince clases de cielos. Sin embargo, la aplicación de este estándar requiere entradas que solo pueden obtenerse mediante costosos dispositivos. Por ello, existen multitud de modelos desarrollados para, de manera simplificada, clasificar el cielo. En particular, este estudio propone cinco categorías que permiten una clasificación más detallada que la tradicional en tres categorías simples como claro-nublado-cubierto. Además, se proporciona una alternativa basada en el aprendizaje automático utilizando índices meteorológicos como entradas. Las técnicas seleccionadas para realizar la clasificación alternativa fueron las redes neuronales y los árboles de decisión. En base a los resultados obtenidos, es posible clasificar el cielo en 5 categorías con ambas técnicas con eficacia.The use of natural lighting allows to increase the quality of life and to develop human activity. To model luminance, the International Commission on Illumination of the Sky (CIE) proposes fifteen classes of skies. Nonetheless, the application of this standard requires inputs that can only be obtained by expensive devices, so there are a numerous models developed to simplify the sky classification. In particular, this study proposes five categories that allow a more detailed classification than the traditional one: clear-cloudy-overcast. In addition, an alternative based on machine learning using meteorological indices as inputs is provided. The selected techniques were neural networks and decision trees. According to the results, it is possible to classify effectively the sky into 5 categories with both techniques.Este trabajo se ha desarrollado en el marco de los proyectos INVESTUN/22/BU/0001 de Junta De Castilla y León, Consejería de Empleo y el proyecto RTI2018-098900-B-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Por su apoyo financiero, Ignacio García agradece al Ministerio de Universidades y a la Unión Europea-Next Generation EU (Programa de recualificación del sistema universitario español 2021-2023, Resolución 1402/2021), y Diego Granados-López agradece a la Junta de Castilla y León (Programa PIRTU, ORDEN EDU/556/2019)
Measuring the consumer engagement related to social media: the case of franchising
No full textThe appearance of social media has fostered consumers chatting with each other, comparing and recommending products and services. In the case of franchising, social media take on a yet greater importance due to brands having to achieve the expansion of their chains selecting new franchisees. The aim of this paper is, on the one hand, to analyze the activity of franchise chains in social media -Facebook and Twitter- and, on the other hand, to measure the engagement which social media users show with franchise brands or chains. Quantitative data from Spanish franchisors (N = 53 and N = 46) was collected by means of the Fanpage Karma and Twitonomy tools. The PRGS model and statistical tests were used for the analysis of the data. The results show that the activity of the chains in social media is different according to the sector in which the chain is operating. Conclusions are also drawn regarding the characteristics of franchising chains.This research has been partially financed by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad de España, Project ECO2017-89452-R
When is resampling beneficial for feature selection with imbalanced wide data?
Get PDFThis paper studies the effects that combinations of balancing and feature selection techniques have on wide
data (many more attributes than instances) when different classifiers are used. For this, an extensive study is
done using 14 datasets, 3 balancing strategies, and 7 feature selection algorithms. The evaluation is carried
out using 5 classification algorithms, analyzing the results for different percentages of selected features, and
establishing the statistical significance using Bayesian tests.
Some general conclusions of the study are that it is better to use RUS before the feature selection, while
ROS and SMOTE offer better results when applied afterwards. Additionally, specific results are also obtained
depending on the classifier used, for example, for Gaussian SVM the best performance is obtained when the
feature selection is done with SVM-RFE before balancing the data with RUS.The project leading to these results has received funding from “la Caixa” Foundation, under agreement LCF/PR/PR18/51130007. This work was also supported by the Junta de Castilla León under project BU055P20 (JCyL/FEDER, UE) and by the Ministry of Science and Innovation under project PID2020-119894GB-I00, co-financed through European Union FEDER funds