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Historic urban landscapes. From the city as heritage to heritage in the city
Get PDFLos conjuntos urbanos históricos constituyen el principal grupo temático de la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial, donde han estado presentes desde el primer momento. No obstante, la consideración de ciertas áreas urbanas como posible bien patrimonial es anterior a la Convención de 1972, así como algunos de los más destacados ejemplos de planificación urbanística sobre estos espacios. La consolidación del patrimonio urbano, entendido como el reconocimiento del valor patrimonial de ciertas áreas urbanas, y el paralelo desarrollo de la actividad turística ligada al mismo, junto con otros procesos urbanos, como la tendencia a la segregación socioespacial, desencadenaron o agravaron la aparición de diversos problemas en estas áreas, ahora prestigiadas. Problemas de naturaleza diferente, pero que se pueden sintetizar en una renovada competencia de usos, que se ha saldado generalmente con la recomposición social y/o funcional, la pérdida de diversidad urbana y, en última instancia, del teórico propósito original de preservación de estos conjuntos. Curiosamente, la revolución conceptual no surge de estos problemas, sino por un tema tan antiguo como el impacto (visual) de los grandes edificios o infraestructuras, y a través de otro concepto emergente, el paisaje. La Recomendación sobre el Paisaje Urbano Histórico, de 2011 es un documento que, en su estado actual, genera muchas más sombras que luces, pero una aproximación basada en el paisaje, dejando al margen los adjetivos, podría convertirse en una potente herramienta para recordar la necesidad de afrontar algunos viejos problemas, y para desarrollar una visión integrada e integradora del patrimonio en la ciudad.The historic towns constitute the main thematic group of the World Heritage List, where they have been present from the very
beginning. However, the consideration of certain urban areas as potential heritage properties predates the 1972 Convention,
as do some of the most outstanding examples of urban planning in these areas. The consolidation of urban heritage,
understood as the recognition of the heritage value of certain urban areas, and the parallel development of tourism activity,
together with other urban processes, such as the tendency towards socio-spatial segregation, triggered or aggravated the
appearance of various problems in these now-prestigious areas. These are problems of a different nature, but which can be
synthesised in a renewed competition of uses, which has generally resulted in social and/or functional restructuring, the loss
of urban diversity and, ultimately, the loss of the original theoretical purpose of preservation of these ensembles. Interestingly,
the conceptual revolution does not arise from these problems, but from the old issue as the (visual) impact of large buildings
or infrastructures, and through another emerging concept, landscape. The 2011 Recommendation on the Historic Urban
Landscape is a document that, in its current state, sheds more shadows than light on the matter, but a landscape-based
approach, leaving adjectives aside, could become a powerful tool to remind us of the need to face some old problems, and
to develop an integrated and integrating vision of heritage in the city
Gender attributions and the construction of identities in children's literature on prehistory
Get PDFEl presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las atribuciones de género y los mecanismos de construcción identitaria de las narrativas literarias infantiles sobre prehistoria. Con este objetivo, aplica la técnica de análisis de contenido para describir e interpretar el sentido de los textos y de las ilustraciones desde los parámetros narrativos espacio–acción. Los resultados obtenidos informan de la permanencia de atribuciones y expresiones simbólicas del género desde enfoques androcéntricos, que distorsionan la transposición didáctica de los últimos avances científicos.This study aims to analyze the gender attributions and identity-building mechanisms of children's literary narratives about prehistory. To this end, it applies the technique of content analysis to describe and interpret the meaning of texts and illustrations from the space-action narrative parameters. The results obtained report the permanence of symbolic attributions and expressions of the genre from androcentric approaches, which limit the didactic transposition of the latest scientific advances.Esta investigación forma parte de la Tesis Doctoral La prehistoria cuenta: incidencia de una metodología aplicada para la didáctica de la prehistoria (Universidad de Burgos, 2019), dirigida por el Dr. Delfín Ortega-Sánchez y el Dr. Juan Alfredo Jiménez Eguizábal, y realizada al amparo del Grupo de Investigación DHISO-UBu
Biblioteca
Get PDFMaterial del curso del IFIE "Soy profesor novel en la UBU. ¿Y ahora qué?", 28 de noviembre al 5 de diciembre de 202
The restoration of the cloister of the cathedral of Tudela (1941-1960), an intervention by Yárnoz Larrosa with presence of Torres Balbás
Get PDFEl claustro románico de la catedral de Tudela, construido en el último cuarto del siglo XII, llegó al siglo XX en un estado de conservación deplorable, tanto desde el punto de vista estático como estético, tal y como atestigua la documentación escrita y, especialmente, gráfica. Desde 1941 a 1960 la Institución Príncipe de Viana, órgano filial de la Diputación Foral de Navarra destinado a la tutela del patrimonio monumental, llevó a cabo su restauración bajo la dirección del arquitecto José Yárnoz Larrosa. En 1946 Torres Balbás visitó las obras, si bien con fines de estudio, no en relación con la restauración.The Romanesque cloister of Tudela Cathedral, built in the last quarter of the 12th century, reached the 20th century in a deplorable state of conservation, both from a static and aesthetic point of wiew, as attested by written and, especially, graph documentation. From 1941 to 1960, the Príncipe de Viana Institution, a subsidiary body of the Navarre Provincial Council for the protection of monumental heritage, carried out its restoration under the direction of the architect José Yárnoz Larrosa. In 1946 Torres Balbás visited the Works, although for study purposes, not in relation to the restoratio
Confirmation and Structured Inquiry Teaching: Does It Improve Students’ Achievement Motivations in School Science?
Get PDFGuided and open inquiry stands as a valuable instructional strategy for science education.
Yet, confrmation and structured inquiry, which provides higher levels of teacher guidance, is more
often enacted. These approaches, though more workable, remain unexplored in their efectiveness in
improving achievement motivations. This study draws on expectancy-value theory to explore the efect
of short-term confrmation and structured inquiry on students’ expectancies of success and intrinsic
values in school science when compared to traditional lecture-based strategies. One hundred and nineteen Spanish sixth graders were assigned to three pedagogical conditions using classroom clusters:
lecture (control group), confrmation inquiry, and structured inquiry. The intervention consisted of two
units of three hours each. Findings revealed no statistically signifcant diferences between pedagogical conditions. Overall, this study failed to fnd evidence of a diference in students’ expectancies of
success and intrinsic value of school science when lecture, confrmation, or structured inquiry teaching
strategies were used.L’enquête guidée et l’enquête par guidage ouvert s’inscrivent dans une stratégie pédagogique
pertinente à l’enseignement des sciences. Pourtant, l’enquête par guidage confrmé et l’enquête par
guidage structuré, qui exigent toutes deux un niveau plus soutenu d’orientation fournie par l’enseignant
sont les plus souvent utilisées. Bien qu’elles soient plus faciles à utiliser, on n’a pas encore déterminé
combien ces approches s’avèrent efcaces pour accroître les motivations derrière la réussite. Cette étude
s’appuie sur la théorie des attentes de succès et des valeurs pour explorer l’incidence de l’enquête par
guidage confrmé et de l’enquête par guidage structuré, lorsque celles-ci sont appliquées à court terme
sur les attentes de succès et les valeurs intrinsèques dans les sciences à l’école quand on les compare
aux stratégies classiques fondées sur des cours magistraux. On a placé 119 élèves espagnols de sixième
année dans trois ensembles de conditions pédagogiques selon les regroupements en classe suivants: cours magistraux (groupe témoin), enquête par guidage confrmé, et enquête par guidage structuré.
L’intervention consistait en deux périodes de trois heures chacune. Les résultats n’ont révélé aucune différence statistiquement signifcative entre les ensembles de conditions pédagogiques. En général, cette
étude n’est pas parvenue à prouver qu’il existe une diférence dans les attentes de succès et les valeurs
intrinsèques des élèves dans les sciences à l’école lorsque des stratégies d’enseignement comme des
cours magistraux, l’enquête par guidage confrmé ou par guidage structuré étaient utilisées.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature
Preparation of low‐density high‐performance porous aramid films using porosity promoter polymers
No full textLow-density porous aramid films using inexpensive and widely available polymers as porosity promoters, that is, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOx), and cellulose polyacetate (CA) were fabricated. Porous poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) films were obtained by the standard casting procedure using mixtures of the aramid with either PVA, PEOx, or CA, followed by the removal of the porosity promoter polymers by immersing them in water or acetone. As a result, films with up to a 65% density reduction with pore sizes ranging from 0.02 to 10 μm and up to 30% increment in Young's modulus were obtained. In addition, the morphology of the films was homogeneous and was controlled by the proportion and nature of the porosity promoter polymer. The density reduction of materials plays a significant role in energy crises and the need for fuel reduction. This study revealed that it is possible to prepare low-density porous aramid films inexpensively without impairing their outstanding performance by using PVA in the casting procedure as a porosity promoter polymer.Regional Government of Castilla y León (Junta de Castilla y León), the Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN and the European Union NextGenerationEU / PRTR, and the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (State Research Agency), Grant/Award Number: PID2019-108583RJ-I00/AEI/10.13039/50110001103
Self-compacting concrete with recycled concrete aggregate subjected to alternating-sign temperature variations: Thermal strain and damage
Get PDFAny variation in temperature alters the dimensions of a concrete structure and provokes thermal
stress. Moreover, the propagation of micro-cracking decreases the strength of concrete that is
exposed to sub-zero temperatures (freezing), to heat phenomena (heating), or to cyclical thermal
variations, especially when prepared using Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA). A reference selfcompacting concrete (SCC) mix made with 100% coarse and fine natural aggregate and three SCC
mixes containing 100% coarse and/or fine RCA in replacement of natural aggregate were tested
in this study of the thermal performance of SCC and the related effects of RCA. The mixtures were
subjected to five thermal tests designed with positive and negative, and both constant and
cyclical, extreme-ambient temperature variations, reaching temperatures of − 15 ◦C and 70 ◦C.
Stiffness, weight, compressive strength, thermal deformability, and internal damage of the SCC
mixtures were monitored throughout suitable testing. Internal damage, hygroscopicity, and loss
of strength increased at temperatures below 0 ◦C, especially in the mixtures containing 100%
coarse RCA, although the SCC manufactured with simultaneous additions of fine and coarse RCA
fractions showed the worst performance. Overall, RCA performed better under positive temperature variations. The test results lead to the recommendation of a linear thermal expansion coefficient of 1.2⋅10− 5 ◦C− 1 in calculations for SCC containing RCA under those extreme
environmental conditions.The authors wish to express their gratitude for funding this research work to: the Spanish Ministry of Universities, MICINN, AEI, EU and ERDF [PID2020–113837RB-I00; PID2021–124203OB-I00; RTI2018–097079-B-C31; 10.13039/501100011033; FPU17/03374]; the Junta de Castilla y León (Regional Government) and ERDF [UIC-231, BU119P17]; the Basque Regional Government through the consolidated research group SAREN [IT1619–22]; Youth Employment Initiative (JCyL) and ESF [UBU05B_1274]; and the University of Burgos [Y135. GI]
Elaboración de bloques tradicionales incorporando material reciclado para la mejora del acondicionamiento térmico y acústico en viviendas rurales de Ecuador
No full textLa investigación tiene como objetivo reciclar residuos de aserrín, poliestireno, botellas
plásticas PET, bolsas plásticas TBP, triturarlas e incorporarlas en la elaboración de dos
tipos de bloques: adobe y alivianados de hormigón, para evaluar sus características de
resistencia, térmicas y acústicas.
Los bloques en el parámetro de resistencia fueron ensayados en una máquina de
compresión.
Para las pruebas acústicas y térmicas se construyó una cámara con paneles de fibra de
vidrio y material aislante, colocando una fuente de calor o de sonido según el ensayo,
para después instalar los sensores en los ambientes y la mampostería, obteniendo los datos
de las respuestas térmicas y sonoras de las muestras.
Los bloques de adobe con mejores resultados fueron los que incorporaron un 15% de los
diferentes materiales añadidos, mientras que los bloques alivianados de hormigón los que
presentaron mejor desempeño son los que tenían un 25% de material en su composición.The objective of the research is to recycle waste sawdust, polystyrene, PET plastic bottles,
TBP plastic bags, crush them and incorporate them into the production of two types of
blocks: adobe and lightened concrete, to evaluate their resistance, thermal and acoustic
characteristics.
The blocks in the resistance parameter were tested in a compression machine.
For the acoustic and thermal tests, a chamber was built with fiberglass panels and
insulating material, placing a heat or sound source according to the test, to later install the
sensors in the rooms and the masonry, obtaining the response data. thermal and sound of
the samples.
The adobe blocks with the best results were those that incorporated 15% of the different
added materials, while the lightened concrete blocks that presented the best performance
were those that had 25% of material in their composition
Influencia de la docencia en la educación física y en los hábitos saludables
Get PDFLa obesidad infantil, ligada al sedentarismo, y a una alimentación desequilibrada, se antoja
como uno de los principales problemas de la sociedad actual. De tal manera es así, que según
el último informe de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología, casi el 38% de los niños españoles
de entre 6, a 12 años tienen obesidad o sobrepeso, relacionándose este hecho con una mayor
probabilidad de convertirse en adultos obesos con riesgo de padecer enfermedades
relacionadas con la obesidad, como son la diabetes tipo 2, enfermedades cardiovasculares o
ciertos tipos de cáncer, entre otras.
Ante esta realidad, las clases de Educación Física (EF), pueden desempeñar un papel clave,
influyendo de manera decisiva en los alumnos, para que éstos puedan desarrollar, unos
hábitos saludables, basados en una dieta equilibrada y la actividad física, tanto dentro del
ámbito escolar, como en otros contextos. Con el objetivo, principal de identificar los factores
asociados al desarrollo de unos hábitos saludables, se realizaron varios estudios, en el primero
de ellos, se llevó a cabo, una revisión sistemática, centrada en el estudio del impacto, que
tienen, factores como la satisfacción percibida por parte de los alumnos de educación física,
las estrategias de aprendizaje, su implicación en el mismo, y la importancia del desarrollo de
un pensamiento crítico, como variables determinantes en el desarrollo de unos hábitos de vida
saludables.
El estudio, realizado a través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, para analizar las
relaciones predictivas entre las variables del estudio en base a 2.439 estudiantes de
secundaria, reflejó, la importancia que tienen las clases de educación física para influir y
proporcionar una serie de recursos, y habilidades cruciales en la adopción de
comportamientos relacionados con unos hábitos de vida saludables, entre los alumnos.
Un segundo estudio, donde participaron 1113 alumnos, de 9 a 12 años de edad, tuvo como
objetivo, analizar la influencia de los padres y los profesores de educación física, sobre las
necesidades psicológicas básicas, la motivación y los hábitos alimentarios intencionales de
los niños. Para analizar los datos, se utilizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) que
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analizó la influencia entre las variables. Los resultados relevaron, la importante influencia
que tiene el contexto social, determinado por padres y docentes en el desarrollo perceptivo
psicológico de los jóvenes, y en el refuerzo de conductas relacionadas con una dieta
equilibrada, basada en la dieta mediterránea.
En el tercer estudio, en el que participaron 857 alumnos de secundaria, el objetivo se centra
en adaptar y testar la estructura factorial del PE-Grit ( Guelmani, et al, 2022), en el contexto
de las clases de educación física, en la etapa de secundaria, con el fin de disponer de una
herramienta eficaz, con la que evaluar el Grit, constructo formado por varios factores, como
son la persistencia en el esfuerzo, y la constancia en el interés, como indicador y componente
esencial del éxito y el logro. Los resultados mostraron al PE-Grit conformado por 16 items
repartidos entre dos factores: Grit físico (interés físico y esfuerzo físic ) y Grit académico
(interés académico y esfuerzo académico) como un instrumento válido y fiable, para medir
de forma multidimensional las emociones en las clases de educación física, procesos que
pueden guiar al profesor en su trabajo de potenciar emociones positivas hacia las clases,
minimizando o erradicando las negativas, lo que redunda en estimular al alumnado hacia la
consecución de hábitos saludables como es la realización de la actividad física fuera del
contexto escolar.
En definitiva, esta tesis proporciona información, acerca de la obesidad infantil en las
sociedades occidentales, relacionada con la falta de actividad física en los niños, y con una
alimentación desequilibrada, nuestros resultados inciden en la posibilidad de revertir la
situación, a través de un contexto social motivador, y de estrategias docentes por parte de los
profesores de educación física, fomentando unos hábitos de vida saludables, como prevención
del desarrollo de enfermedades futuras que guardan relación con la obesidad en la edad
adulta.Childhood obesity, linked to a sedentary lifestyle, and an unbalanced diet, seems like one of
the main problems of today's society. So much so, that according to the latest report from the
Spanish Society of Cardiology, almost 38% of Spanish children between the ages of 6 and 12
are obese or overweight, relating this fact to a greater probability of becoming obese adults.
at risk of obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease or certain
types of cancer, among others.
Faced with this reality, Physical Education (PE) classes can play a key role, decisively
influencing students, so that they can develop healthy habits, based on a balanced diet and
physical activity, both within the school environment, as in other contexts. With the main
objective of identifying the factors associated with the development of healthy habits, several
studies were carried out, in the first of them, a systematic review was carried out, focused on the
study of the impact that factors such as the perceived satisfaction by physical education students,
learning strategies, their involvement in it, and the importance of developing critical thinking, as
determining variables in the development of healthy lifestyle habits.The study, carried out
through a structural equation model, to analyze the predictive relationships between the
study variables based on 2,439 high school students, reflected the importance of physical
education classes to influence and provide a series of resources , and crucial skills in the
adoption of behaviors related to healthy lifestyle habits, among students.
A second study, involving 1113 students, aged 9 to 12 years, aimed to analyze the
influence of parents and physical education teachers on basic psychological needs,
motivation and intentional eating habits of children. . To analyze the data, a structural
equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the influence between the variables. The
results revealed the important influence of the social context, determined by parents and
teachers, in the perceptive psychological development of young people, and in the
reinforcement of behaviors related to a balanced diet, based on the Mediterranean diet.
In the third study, in which 857 high school students participated, the objective is to
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adapt and test the factorial structure of the PE-Grit (Guelmani, et al, 2022), in the context
of physical education classes, in the secondary stage, in order to have an effective tool
with which to evaluate the Grit, a construct made up of several factors, such as persistence
in effort, and constancy in interest, as an indicator and essential component of success
and the achievement. The results showed the PE-Grit made up of 16 items divided
between two factors: Physical Grit (physical interest and physical effort) and Academic
Grit (academic interest and academic effort) as a valid and reliable instrument to measure
emotions in a multidimensional way. physical education classes, processes that can guide
the teacher in his work to promote positive emotions towards the classes, minimizing or
eradicating the negative ones, which results in stimulating students towards the
achievement of healthy habits such as physical activity outside the school context.
In short, this thesis provides information about childhood obesity in Western societies,
related to the lack of physical activity in children, and an unbalanced diet, our results
affect the possibility of reversing the situation, through a motivating social context, and
teaching strategies by physical education teachers, promoting healthy lifestyle habits, as
prevention of the development of future diseases that are related to obesity in adulthood
Assessment of Polluted Soil Remediation Using Bacterial Community Tolerance to Heavy Metals as an Indicator
No full textThe assessment of remediation on metal-polluted soils is usually focused on total and/or bioavailable metal content. However, these chemical variables do not provide direct information about reductions in heavy metals pressure on soil microorganisms. We propose the use of bacterial communities to evaluate the efficiency of three remediation techniques: crushed mussel shell (CMS) and pine bark (PB) as soil amendments and EDTA-washing. A soil sample was polluted with different doses of Cu, Ni, and Zn (separately). After 30 days of incubation, the remediation techniques were applied, and bacterial community tolerance to heavy metals determined. If bacterial communities develop tolerance, it is an indicator that the metal is exerting toxicity on them. Soil bacterial communities developed tolerance to Cu, Ni, and Zn in response to metal additions. After remediation, bacterial communities showed decreases in bacterial community tolerance to Cu, Ni, and Zn for all remediation techniques. For Cu and Ni, soil EDTA-washing showed the greatest reduction of bacterial community tolerance to Cu and Ni, respectively, while for Zn the soil amendment with PB was the most effective remediation technique. Thus, bacterial community tolerance to heavy metals successfully detect differences in the effectiveness of the three remediation techniques.This study has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project CTM2015-73422-JIN (FEDER Funds) David Fernández Calviño holds a Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2016-20411) financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. Diego Soto-Gómez has a post-doctoral contract “Margarita Salas” funded by European Union—NextGenerationEU, and a Seneca Foundation grant for research stays in international centres (21525/EE/21). Claudia Campillo-Cora holds a predoctoral fellowship with Xunta de Galicia (ED401A-2020/084) funded by Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional