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La importancia del componente sociocultural en ELE: ejemplificación a través de un análisis de manuales en nivel de lengua
No full textRecientes investigaciones concluyen que el componente cultural es fundamental para la
correcta adquisición de una lengua extranjera. Esto se debe a que para entender e interpretar
correctamente un mensaje, no solamente los conocimientos gramaticales o léxicos son
necesarios, sino que también los culturales juegan un papel primordial en garantizar un acto
comunicativo satisfactorio sin malentendidos.
El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la presencia y gradación de contenidos
socioculturales en el manual ELE Actual de dos niveles de lengua diferentes según el Marco
Común Europeo de Referencia (MCER): nivel básico (A2) y nivel independiente (B1). Para
ello, se ha empleado una metodología de análisis de contenido basado en el apartado
“Saberes y comportamientos culturales” del Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes (PCIC).
Los resultados muestran que la competencia sociocultural se trabaja en ambos manuales
sobre todo en la sección “Descubre España y Latinoamérica”, y los temas que predominan
son identidad colectiva: sentido de pertenencia a la esfera social; viajes alojamiento y
transporte y comida y bebida tanto en ELE Actual A2 como en ELE Actual B1. Por su parte,
en ELE Actual A2 el tercer contenido más trabajado es el de ocio, hábitos y aficiones,
mientras que en ELE Actual B1 es el de tradición y cambio.
Sin embargo, no se aprecia una gradación favorable del contenido cultural de la fase de
aproximación en ELE Actual A2 a la fase de profundización en ELE Actual B1 ya que los
temas que no se trabajan en el nivel básico tampoco se incluyen en el nivel intermedio. Este
resultado sugiere que el papel del profesorado para complementar los contenidos culturales es
clave en el proceso de aprendizaje-enseñanza de la lengua extranjera.Recent investigations conclude that the cultural component is fundamental in the acquisition
of a foreign language. This is because for the correct understanding and interpretation of a
message not only grammatical and lexical contents are needed, but also cultural contents play
a vital role in the fulfillment of a communicative act without misunderstandings. The objective of the present investigation is to analyze the presence and progression of
sociocultural contents in the textbook ELE Actual of two different levels of proficiency
according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFRL): basic
level (A2) and intermediate level (B1). For this, a content analysis methodology has been
used based on the Cultural Knowledge and Behavior section of the Curricular Plan of the
Instituto Cervantes (PCIC).
Results show that the sociocultural competence is worked in both textbooks mainly in the
section devoted for so called “Descubre España y América Latina”. The topics that are
mainly worked are: collective identity: sense of belonging to the social sphere;
travel,accommodation and transportation and food and drink both in ELE Actual A2 and in
ELE Actual B1. For its part, in ELE Actual A2 the third content most treated is leisure, habits
and hobbies, while in ELE Actual B1 is tradition and change.
However, there is no favorable graduation of the cultural content from the approach phase in
ELE Actual A2 to the deepening phase in ELE Actual B1, since the topics that are not studied
at the basic level are not included at the intermediate level either. This result suggests that the
role of teachers to complement the cultural content is fundamental in the learning-teaching
process of the foreign language
Bystander Behaviour Online Among Young People in Ireland
No full textResearch shows that cyberbullying is a significant issue encountered online by
children in Ireland. Researchers and educators recognise the importance of the role
of peer bystanders in bullying situations, but more research is needed in this regard
within an Irish context. Moreover, there appears to be a general lack of literature on
the role of bystanders in cyberbullying situations. Therefore, this research study
commissioned by Webwise was conducted by DCU Anti-Bullying Centre and aims to
explore online bystander behaviour among young people in Ireland. A sample
consisting of 212 students aged 13 to 17 years completed an online survey including
questions regarding participants use of the internet and digital devices and bystander
behaviour.
The key quantitative research finding evidenced that victimisation online is prevalent
with 45.3% of participants reporting that they had witnessed cyberbullying over the
last number of months. The most frequent mistreatment identified related to direct
verbal abuse and occurs most often on social media. Similarly, it is mostly initiated
and perpetuated by strangers or classmates of the target. Another important finding of
note is that, albeit bystanders are, in general, aware of the protective mechanisms
provided by social media such as the in-app reporting tool(s) or block button(s), they
tend not to use them to help targets. However, the responses to the Behaviour during
cyberbullying episodes scale developed by Pozzoli & Gini (2020) showed that cyberdefending targets was more common than any other role.
Qualitative findings of participant responses showed that where bystanders take part
in the abusive behaviour, they tend to either justify that the target was in some way
deserving of the cyberbullying, that they were acting due to peer pressure, or that they
perceived (cyber)bullying as normal behaviour. When asked about additional supports
to assist bystanders to take responsibility, some participants felt that nothing can be
done to suppress bullying, while others suggested technical improvements to be put
in place or source alternative practical solutions outside of the online world such as
digital etiquette training Finally, when asked what advice they would give to those who
experience bullying, the majority of participants responded that they would report the
issue in-app and tell a trusted adult while some participants reported that they would
not deliver any advice. The findings of this research study should help inform
educational programme and prevention/ intervention methodologies to reduce
cyberbullying and its adverse effects
Detection of Stress Stimuli in Learning Contexts of iVR Environments
No full textComunicación presentada en: International Conference on Extended Reality, XR Salento 2023, held in Lecce, Italy during September 6–9, 2023The use of eye-tracking in immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) is becoming an important tool for improving the learning outcomes. Nevertheless, the best Machine Learning (ML) technologies for the exploitation of eye-tracking data is yet unclear. Actually, one of the main drawbacks of some ML technologies, such as classifiers, is the scarce labeled data for training models, being the process of data annotation time-consuming and expensive. This paper presents a complete experimentation where different ML algorithms were tested, both supervised and semi-supervised, for trying to identify the stressors/distractors present in iVR learning experiences simulating the operation of a bridge crane. Results shown that the use of semi-supervised techniques can improve the performance of the Machine Learning methods making possible the identification of stressful situations in iVR environments. The use of semi-supervised learning techniques makes possible training ML algorithms without the need of great amount of labeled data which makes the data exploitation cheaper and easier.This work was supported by the Junta de Castilla y León under project BU055P20 (JCyL/FEDER, UE), the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under project PID2020-119894GB-I00, co-financed through European Union FEDER funds. This work is part of the project Humanaid (TED2021-129485B-C43) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR. We also acknowledge European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR funds for the Margarita Salas 2022–2024 Grant awarded by Universidad de Burgos. It also was supported through the Consejería de Educación of the Junta de Castilla y León and the European Social Fund through a pre-doctoral grant (EDU/875/2021)
Puntos diana como localizaciones para la realización de encuestas: Índice de Potencialidad Turística de la provincia de Burgos
No full textEste trabajo analiza un inventario de los recursos turísticos de la provincia de Burgos
(España) e identifica con dicho inventario los municipios con una mayor atracción
turística, identificando también así los puntos diana que facilitan la planificación del
proceso de trabajo de campo para obtener la opinión de los turistas. Para proporcionar
una aproximación analítica, este estudio adopta una técnica cuantitativa para la
construcción de un índice sintético ponderado siguiendo un proceso jerárquico. Losresultados muestran que la provincia de Burgos destaca por su elevado patrimonio
natural o paisajístico, con acceso a través de carreteras secundarias y con una
elevada oferta de hoteles y casas rurales, así como restaurantes y cafeterías.
Ferias declaradas de interés, accesos a través de ferrocarril y oferta de albergues,
apartamentos y campings ofrecen unos valores menos destacados. El trabajo
propone la realización de alrededor de 383 observaciones en cada uno de los
ocho puntos diana identificados. Los resultados obtenidos son los suficientemente
claros como para motivar a los tomadores de decisiones a dirigir sus esfuerzos e
inversiones en mejorar y ajustar sus estrategias para incrementar la calidad de la
oferta y la demanda en el sector turístico.This work analyzes an inventory of the touristic resources of the province of Burgos
(Spain) and identifies with it the municipalities with the greatest touristic attraction, thus
identifying the target points that facilitate the planning of the fieldwork process to obtain
the opinion of tourists. To provide an analytical approach, this study adopts a quantitative
technique by constructing a weighted synthetic index following a hierarchical process.
The results show that the province of Burgos stands out for its high natural or landscape
heritage, with access through minor roads and with a high offer of hotels and rural
houses as well as restaurants and cafeterias. Fairs declared of interest, access by rail
and the offer of hostels, apartments and campsites offer fewer outstanding values. The
work proposes the realization of around 383 observations in each of the eight target
points identified. The results obtained are clear enough to motivate decision-makers
to address their efforts and investments in improving and adjusting their strategies to
increase the quality of offer and demand in the touristic sector.This work was financially supported by the Development Society of Burgos (SODEBUR), City Council and Provincial Council of Burgos (Arts. 83: H01T.05, H02V.05, H05W.05, H05X.05, H01Y.05 and
H00Z.05), and by State Research Agency (Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Government
of Spain) and FEDER Funds (Knowledge Generation Projects) through the project “Methodologies
for solving problems with economic, social and environmental criteria. Application to healthcare resource management” (ECOSOEN-HEALTH, grant ref. PID2022-139543OB-C44). The authors
deeply appreciate the financial support received
Índice de Reputación Turística para Evaluar las Percepciones sobre los Destinos utilizando Datos Textuales Colaborativos
No full textThe tourism sector is experiencing a change in trend due to the widespread use of Web 2.0 by tourists. This phenomenon has prompted tourism agents to apply Big Data techniques and Business Intelligence () tools to find out what tourists think. In this sense, the analysis of the Electronic Word Of Mouth in Social Networks is particularly relevant, and the academic literature has faced some difficulties in extracting data, determining its meaning and linking it to the destination. The aim of this work is to is to present the results that can be generated by the design of a tourism reputation index, through the analysis of data created collaboratively on the Twitter Social Network. For this purpose, a BI tool has been created to extract data from short text messages posted by users (tweets) and process them by implementing an Extract, Transform and Load process. In this process, Natural Language Processing is carried out, focusing on Sentiment Analysis tasks, applying an automatic classification model (Multinomial Naive Bayes) and then an automatic thematic categorisation of these texts depending on the words they contain. Subsequently, the data is analysed, calculating a global online reputation index based on sub-indexes of perception on different tourism aspects. These ratings are shown to users through an interactive dashboard, which allows comparison between different queries associated with a tourist location and a temporal period. This research helps tourism agents to better understand the public perception about destinations and make appropriate and well-informed decisions in real time, facilitating the intelligent management of data that enables the creation of smart tourism destinations with competitive, unique and sustainable advantages.El sector turístico está experimentando un cambio de tendencia ante el uso generalizado de la Web 2.0. por parte de los turistas. Este fenómeno ha impulsado a los agentes turísticos a aplicar técnicas Big Data y herramientas de Inteligencia de Negocio (IN) a la hora de conocer qué piensan y qué desean los turistas. En este sentido, toma especial relevancia el análisis del Electronic Word Of Mouth en las Redes Sociales, y la literatura académica ha encontrado algunas dificultades al extraer datos, determinar su significado y vincularlo con el destino. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados que se pueden obtener con el diseño de un índice reputacional turístico, por medio del análisis de los datos creados de manera colaborativa en la Red Social de Twitter. Para ello, se ha creado una herramienta de IN que permite extraer datos de los mensajes cortos de texto publicados por los usuarios (tweets) y procesarlos mediante la implementación de un proceso de Extract, Transform and Load. En este proceso, se realiza un Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, centrado en tareas de Análisis de Sentimientos, aplicando un modelo de clasificación automática (Multinomial Naive Bayes) y, seguidamente, una categorización temática automática de estos textos en función de los términos que contengan. Posteriormente, se analizan los datos, calculando un índice de reputación online global a partir de subíndices de percepción sobre diferentes aspectos turísticos. Estos índices se muestran a los usuarios mediante un cuadro de mando interactivo, que permite comparar entre diferentes consultas asociadas a una localidad turística y a un periodo temporal. Este trabajo contribuye a que los agentes turísticos conozcan la percepción sobre los destinos y tomen decisiones adecuadas e informadas en tiempo real, facilitando una gestión inteligente de los datos que permita crear destinos turísticos inteligentes con ventajas competitivas, únicas y sostenibles
Modern Analytical Techniques for Berry Authentication
No full textThe health-related properties attributed to berries and the subsequent interest awakened within the market of functional foods mean that these small fruits may be potential targets for food fraud. In this review, studies on berry authentication through modern analytical techniques are discussed in detail. Most of the studies reported to date are related to chemical approaches, mainly chromatographic techniques. Other chemical (NMR, NIR, and Raman spectroscopy), biomolecular, and isotopic methods have also delivered promising results in the field of berry authentication, although there is still limited information available in this respect. Despite the potential of the methods described in the present review, to date, there is no universal one. Therefore, combinations of different approaches in order to complement each other are increasingly used (e.g., HPTLC and mass spectrometry; Raman and IR spectroscopies; biomolecular and analytical techniques…). Considering that adulteration practices are increasingly evolving, continuous research in the field of food authentication is needed, especially in the case of berries, since there are still some berry species that have not yet been included in any authentication study
Study of thermophysical properties of (iodobenzene + alkane) mixtures: from experimentation to molecular interpretation
No full textComunicación presentada en: 13th National and 4th International Conference in Engineering Thermodynamics (13CNIT) "Advances in Engineering Thermodynamics: The Key to Sustainable Development" = 13er Congreso Nacional y 4º Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería Termodinámica (13CNIT) "Avances en Ingeniería Termodinámica : la clave de un desarrollo sostenible". Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana (Spain), November 29th, 30th and December 1st, 2023Aromatic halogenated compounds are used in the manufacturing of Li batteries (Jiang et al. [1]), in medicinal chemistry as antidepressant or drugs to reduce cholesterol (Wilcken et al. [2]; Poleto et al. [3]), and in the pharmaceutical industry due to the halogen bonding that they can form (Müller et al [4]). They are found in urban air arising from fuel combustion emissions (Calvert et al. [5]). Thus, it is interesting to study their thermophysical behavior and get a deeper view into their molecular interactions. (Iodobenzene + n-alkane) systems (heptane, decane, dodecane, tetradecane) were investigated in this work in terms of densities (), speeds of sound () and excess molar enthalpies (m E) at a pressure () of 0.1 MPa and the whole composition range (see Section 2). and were measured in the temperature () range (288.15 to 308.15) K, whereas m E were determined at = 298.15 K. Common excess properties and derivatives were calculated, correlated, and discussed (see Section 3).This work was supported by Project PID2022-137104NA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE; and Consejería de Educación de Castilla y León, under Project VA100G19 (Apoyo a GIR, BDNS: 425389)
Place-of-origin Effects on Brand Loyalty: American Fast-Food Restaurants Under Examination
No full textThe present chapter explores the role of place-of-origin-related variables as antecedents of quality perception and loyalty toward American fast-food brands. The cognitive appraisal approach and the social identity theory help to propose a model that connects individual-related variables (animosity, ethnocentrism, metacognitive cultural intelligence) and brand-related variables (inner self-expressive brand, perceived quality and brand loyalty). The presented model was tested through empirical observation with 287 consumers of American fast-food brands. Partial least squares path modelling (SmartPLS3) was employed as a method to analyze the data. Results disclose a cognition-affection-behavior path that goes from metacognitive cultural intelligence to emotions such as animosity and inner self-expressive brand and, ultimately, behavioral brand loyalty. This investigation provides novel insight into key variables such as metacognitive cultural intelligence or the inner self-expressive brand in the field of place-of-origin regarding the service sector of restaurants
New challenges for guidance in inclusive education and children’s rights: assessment of the capacity to participate
No full textLos niños, niñas y jóvenes tienen derecho a participar y que su opinión sea tenida en cuenta según su capacidad y madurez, como recoge la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño (CDN). El objetivo de este trabajo es indagar sobre si ese derecho se conoce en la comunidad educativa de Castilla y León y qué profesionales tendrían que evaluar la capacidad de participación. Se diseñó una metodología mixta con entrevistas en profundidad a 43 personas vinculadas a la atención a la diversidad; estudio de casos anidado (31 casos, 135 participantes entre alumnado con necesidades de apoyo, familias y profesorado), así como una encuesta a 148 miembros de equipos directivos. Los resultados indican un amplio desconocimiento de la CDN. Los y las orientadoras son las figuras mejor situadas para la valoración de la capacidad en sintonía con un modelo colaborativo. Se proponen medidas de mejora que ayuden a superar las dificultades expresadas relativas a este nuevo enfoque.As stated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), children and young people have a right to participate and ensure that their opinions are considered in accordance with their capacity and maturity. The aim of this study is to find out whether this right is known in the educational community of Castilla y León and which professionals would have to assess children’s capacity to participate. To achieve it, a mixed methodology has been designed, carrying out in-depth interviews with 43 people related to attention to diversity programs, nested-case studies (31 cases and 135 participants, including students with special support needs, families, and teachers), and a survey of 148 members of various School Boards. The results indicate a general lack of knowledge of the CRC. They also suggest that educational psychologists are most qualified to assess child capacity within collaborative models. And improvement measures to help overcome the difficulties mentioned in relation to this new approach are proposed.Este trabajo forma parte de uno más amplio desarrollado con el proyecto “Autonomía y derecho a la participación de los niños y jóvenes con necesidades de apoyo socioeducativo. Hacia un nuevo paradigma” financiado por la Junta de Castilla y León (Ref. BU074G18)
Expresiones estético-creativas de jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión y sus emociones en la era poscovid-19
No full textEl estudio se enmarca en el proyecto «Reinvención de la vida cotidiana: emociones narradas de jóvenes en tiempos de distanciamiento social por covid-19»,
un proyecto internacional que contó con la participación de diferentes países
de Latinoamérica y Europa. Las personas participantes son jóvenes de entre 18
y 25 años, inscritos en el programa de empleo «Somos Go. Una generación de
oportunidades» de Cruz Roja Española. El objetivo general del proyecto fue
desvelar la reinvención de la vida cotidiana en emociones narradas de jóvenes
en tiempos de distanciamiento social por covid-19. Se utilizó la metodología
cualitativa (investigación - acción), centrándonos en las narrativas y mediaciones estético-creativas. Los procesos comunicativos y dialógicos a partir de
las mediaciones estético-creativas adoptadas se constituyen en fuente de
comprensión, pero también se pueden articular a procesos formativos para
comprender y generar conocimiento que posibiliten transformaciones y cambios. Los jóvenes participantes en el proyecto tuvieron la oportunidad de crear
sus propios productos como resultado de las emociones expresadas. Los productos obtenidos en este caso han sido: un rap, un vídeo documental y un podcast, para lograr este resultado se estableció comunicación de carácter horizontal, estableciendo lazos de confianza y respeto mutuo, así como del reconocimiento de las diferencias y la diversidad de los sujetos sociales. En el
análisis de esos productos se pueden ver reflexiones sobre la importancia de la
familia, de las relaciones sociales y de la influencia de los medios de comunicación en los estados de ánimo de los jóvenes participantes. En las conclusiones se recoge la idoneidad de la investigación acción participante para trabajar temas relacionados con las emociones y el desarrollo de competencias personales.The study is part of the project: «Reinvention of everyday life: emotions narrated by young people in times of social distancing by covid-19», an interna tional project with the participation of different countries in Latin America
and Europe. The participants are young people between 18 and 25 years old,
registered in the employment programme «Somos Go. A generation of opportunities» employment programme of the Spanish Red Cross. The overall objective of the project was to unveil the reinvention of everyday life in emotions
narrated by young people in times of social distancing by COVID-19. Qualitative methodology (action-research) was used, focusing on narratives and aesthetic-creative mediations. The communicative and dialogic processes based
on the aesthetic-creative mediations adopted are a source of understanding,
but they can also be articulated to formative processes to understand and
generate knowledge that enable transformations and changes. The young participants in the project had the opportunity to create their own products as a
result of the emotions expressed. The products obtained in this case were: a
rap, a video documentary, and a podcast. To achieve this result, horizontal
communication was established, establishing bonds of trust and mutual respect, as well as recognition of the differences and diversity of social subjects.
In the analysis of these products, reflections on the importance of the family,
social relations, and the influence of the media on the moods of the young
participants can be seen. The suitability of participatory action research to
work on issues related to emotions and the development of personal competences is reflected in the conclusions