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Affective-sexual and gender diversity in Spanish education: a systematic literature review
No full textIntroduction: The aim of this present work is to systematically compile, map, and review the scientific literature concerning education on affective-sexual and gender diversity, produced within the Spanish geographical context over the past decade (2013–2023). To this end, this systematic review offers an unprecedented and updated synthesis of the most prominent challenges and areas for improvement in Spain, for the purpose of identifying existing research gaps, as well as curricular and training needs in this transdisciplinary field.
Methods: To achieve this objective, the PRISMA guidelines are applied in the extraction and selection of indexed materials from two of the principal internationally renowned databases, namely the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. The analysis was facilitated through the use of bibliographic management software, as well as quantitative and qualitative data analysis tools.
Results: The findings obtained address the research question pertaining to the factors influencing the construction of attitudes and representations concerning this type of diversity within formal educational settings. Furthermore, the benefits, limitations, and obstacles surrounding its curricular integration are examined. Various socio-demographic variables of both students and educators, such as age, gender, religious beliefs, teaching experience, personal and social experiences, school-driven initiatives, and the persistence of hegemonic gender representations emerge as explanatory factors linked to these attitudes and representations. Similarly, the visibility of diverse identities, social inclusion, and plurality are associated with the necessity for education geared toward democratic citizenship. The sensitivity of the content and its curricular invisibility, along with training deficiencies, lack of academic recognition, and the absence of specific protocols for preventing LGBTIQphobia are identified as the most prominent limitations or hurdles for the comprehensive promotion of education pertaining to affective-sexual and gender diversity across distinct educational stages.
Discussion: Instances of discrimination, harassment, and both physical and symbolic violence against non-heteronormative groups, grounded in the sex-gender system and cis-heteronormativity, continue to be recognized by educators. In this vein, scientific literature underscores the significance of education concerning affective-sexual and gender diversity as a means to eradicate stereotypes and negative attitudes toward LGBTIQ+ individuals, thereby striving toward genuine equity.The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research has been funded by the research project “The Nature of ISTEM (NoSTEM) for Civic Education” (PID2020-118010RB-I00) [State Agency for Research - Ministry of Science and Innovation]
Artificial neural network modeling and VFT correlation of experimental dynamic viscosity of the 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol + 2-propanol binary mixtures at high pressures and temperatures
No full textThis work reports experimental dynamic viscosity (n) data for the binary mixtures of 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol (Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether) and 2-propanol at high temperatures and high pressures. A falling-body viscometer was employed to carry out the measurements for seven compositions of the studied binary mixture, as well as for pure 2-propanol, over a temperature range of 293.15–353.15 K and pressures up to 70 MPa, with an experimental uncertainty of +-3%. At 0.1 MPa, the dynamic viscosity was measured using a classical Ubbelohde capillary viscometer with an uncertainty of +-1%. The high-pressure dynamic viscosity experimental data were correlated using the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation. To describe the viscosity of the binary system as a function of composition, temperature, and pressure, a combining rule based on the logarithm of viscosity was employed. Additionally, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), a machine learning approach known for its accuracy in capturing nonlinear relationships, was applied to model the dynamic viscosity of the studied binary mixture. The dynamic viscosity behaviour of the analysed binary system was attributed to variations in free volume and the disruption or weakening of hydrogen bonds.Open access funding provided by UNIVERSIDAD DE BURGOS
Optimization of Anthocyanin Extraction from Purple Sweet Potato Peel (Ipomea batata) Using Sonotrode Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
No full textSweet potato is a valuable root due to its nutritional benefits, health-promoting properties, and technological applications. The peel, often discarded during food processing, can be employed in the food industry, supporting a circular economy. Purple sweet potato peel (PSPP) is rich in anthocyanins, which can be used as natural colourants and antioxidants. Optimising their extraction can enhance yield and reduce costs. The current work aimed to optimize anthocyanin and antioxidant recovery from PSPP using a Box-Behnken design and sonotrode ultrasound-assisted extraction (sonotrode-UAE). Three independent variables were analysed: extraction time (2–6 min), ethanol concentration (35–85%), and liquid-to-solid ratio (10–30 mL/g). The dependent variables included total monomeric anthocyanin content (TMAC), individual anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity. TMAC in 15 extracts ranged from 0.16 to 2.66 mg/g PSPP. Peonidin-3-caffeoyl-p-hydroxybenzoyl sophoroside-5-glucoside was the predominant anthocyanin. Among four antioxidant assays, Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) showed the highest value. Ethanol concentration significantly influenced anthocyanin and antioxidant recovery (p < 0.05). The model demonstrated adequacy based on the coefficient of determination and variation. Optimal extraction conditions were 6 min with 60% ethanol at a 30 mL/g ratio. Predicted values were validated experimentally (coefficient of variation <10%). In conclusion, PSPP is a promising matrix for obtaining anthocyanin-rich extracts with antioxidant activity, offering potential applications in the food industry.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation project (PID2021-123628OB-C41-Agri-food co-products as a source of bioactive compounds for the development of functional meat products), which is funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/and FEDER, U
Buenas prácticas: Isla Nemo, una aplicación inclusiva como diseño universal para el aprendizaje
No full textEl Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) es un marco pedagógico que busca
garantizar que todos los estudiantes, independientemente de sus capacidades,
necesidades o estilos de aprendizaje, tengan acceso equitativo a la educación. En el
contexto del título "Isla Nemo como tecnología emergente para favorecer la inclusión",
el DUA es especialmente relevante, ya que la aplicación de realidad virtual (VR) inclusiva
desarrollada por DINper (Universidad de Burgos) se alinea con sus principios para crear
experiencias educativas accesibles y personalizadas. A continuación, profundizo en qué
es el DUA, sus principios, cómo Isla Nemo lo aplica en el ámbito educativo y su impacto
en la inclusión, con un enfoque en el contexto de esta buena práctic
Dataset of the Project PID2020-117111RB-I00 (UBU, DATAHES and ADMIRABLE groups)
No full textThis dataset contains the data generated during the execution of the project ““Asistentes de voz e inteligencia artificial en Moodle: un camino hacia una universidad inteligente” -SmartLearnUni-”, code PID2020-117111RB-I00, corresponding to the 2021 Call of “Convocatoria 2020 Proyectos de I+D+i - RTI Tipo B. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Universidades. Agencia Estatal de Investigación. Gobierno de España para el período 2021-2024".The research work conducted within the framework of the REWIND project (PID2020-117111RB-I00), which was funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Government of Spain (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España), the State Research Agency (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI), through the 2020 Call of " Proyectos de I+D+i - RTI Tipo B para el período 01/01/2021 28/02/2025"
Can ChatGPT AI Replace or Contribute to Experts’ Diagnosis for Renovation Measures Identification?
No full textBuilding energy renovations demand expertise from professionals to guide processes, including diagnostics, project planning, interventions, and maintenance. The emergence of open-access AI, like ChatGPT in November 2022, offers new possibilities for improving these processes by assisting or potentially replacing human experts. This study explores the effectiveness of ChatGPT in diagnosing energy renovation measures. Initial assessments involve basic queries to the AI, followed by the inclusion of additional data and secondary questions to gauge its full diagnostic potential. An existing building case from the literature is given to the AI to define the best energy renovation measures. Expert evaluations and comparisons with research-backed solutions assess the AI’s performance using different degrees of questioning details over 60 repetitions. The results indicate that ChatGPT can provide valuable insights and generate comprehensive lists of feasible measures and preliminary cost calculations and payback, but, in general, it lacks depth and quality without specialized input and preparation. A significant quality improvement was found between the tests with 2023 and 2024 AI versions. Open-access AI proves capable of enhancing renovation diagnostics but remains a complement rather than a replacement for building renovation expert judgment. This research underscores the potential of mainstream AI to democratize access to knowledge, albeit with limitations tied to its dependence on quality inputs and contextual expertise.This publication is part of the R+D+i project PID2021-126739OB-C22, financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and “ERDF A way of making Europe”
Rapadas. Public shaming as a means of subjection. Cultural origins, continuities and changes up to the Spanish Civil War
No full textRapadas or pelonas: this was the term used to refer to women and girls who were exhibited, their hair shorn, in shaming parades across hundreds of towns and cities during the Spanish Civil War. These acts of public shaming were used against women to intimidate the general population into submission. Only the rebels (Francoists) carried out this gendered repression, and it is commonly associated with practices that originated in fascist Italy. This text explores the shaming and humiliation of Spanish women who supported the Republic, suggesting that these cruel behaviors had their origins in cultural practices related to the belligerent political and religious identities that emerged in the nineteenth century Spain and even earlier
Process of change and efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full textIntroduction: Recent literature suggests that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) may be an effective approach for treating symptoms of depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. This review meta-analyzes the efficacy of ACT on adolescent depression and anxiety, emphasizing the role of process variables (i.e., psychological flexibility).
Methods: We systematically searched MedLine, PsycInfo and Scopus for randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating the effect of ACT on anxiety/depression in adolescents. Studies were combined using the inverse variance method in a random effects model. Additional subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed, and risk of bias was assessed. The review was pre-registered (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023483300).
Results: Our review included 27 RCTs with a total of 2860 participants. ACT did not outperform CBT but was significantly more effective than other active controls (e.g., treatment as usual) for depression symptoms and inactive controls for all outcomes. ACT was more effective than inactive controls for all outcomes. Improvements in psychological flexibility significantly predicted reductions in between-group depression and anxiety. Younger age and a higher percentage of women predicted better outcomes for some outcomes.
Limitations: It should be noted that this results may be limited by the fact that all included studies were rated as having a high risk of bias. This is mainly due to the self-reported nature of the measures and the lack of crucial methodological information (e.g., process of randomization and allocation, treatment fidelity assessment).
Conclusion: Our findings support ACT's efficacy for adolescents, particularly in treating depression symptoms. The proposed mechanism of change (psychological flexibility) plays a significant role in the improvements. ACT is comparable in efficacy to CBT, suggesting its potential as an alternative to traditional cognitive-behavioral approaches
English Language Teacher Education with an Eco‐Social Perspective: An Exploratory Study
No full textThe importance of a critical and eco-socially conscious English language teacher education in Europe is considered in this study. Information is collected through a survey to assess the working practice of various teachers and their perceptions of English language teaching under an eco-social lens. New avenues are then suggested to build a comprehensive eco-social language teacher education program. Based on the survey responses of the different stakeholders participating in English language teacher education, our case study yielded a survey-based assessment of knowledge and familiarity with eco-social issues. Weaknesses relating to language teacher education with an eco-social perspective were detected and positive measures and strategies singled out, so as to design a language teacher education program with an eco-social perspective. In all, 345 responses collected in various European countries amassed data that reflected a positive attitude toward eco-social values among all the stakeholders within English language teacher education, mainly based on personal interests rather than collegial educational regulation. The need for the homogenization of existing resources and the regulation of education corpora was a common demand. Despite the limited scope of the survey, the results and the discussion presented in this paper offer a baseline study and a starting point to outline a fuller picture of the relation between English language teacher education and eco-social commitments
Automatic Generation of Moodle Cloze Questions for the Assessment of Knowledge About Lexical Analysis Algorithms
No full textMoodle quizzes are a convenient way of online assessment, benefiting both teachers and students. Unfortunately, their preparation is slow, cumbersome, and error-prone. In addition to the effort of designing the questions, it is necessary to enter them in Moodle. Furthermore, for questions that require images, these must first be created and then uploaded to Moodle. If this process has to be repeated with many questions, the required work becomes prohibitive. This paper presents a tool that solves all these problems, allowing the automatic and massive generation of questions for the evaluation of the knowledge about lexical analysis algorithms. The evaluation of these algorithms is relevant in the subjects of both automata and formal languages and in those of compiler design. The tool allows the creation of exercises of configurable complexity, after which the text, tables, and associated images are generated for quick upload to Moodle. The main impact of this tool is the substantial reduction of question preparation time, reducing hundreds or thousands of interactions with Moodle forms to just a few simple steps. In addition, the ease of question generation makes it possible to prepare self-assessment questionnaires for the students, something that they greatly appreciate as a study aid