Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago
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Forma de Jordan real. Clasificación de transformaciones ortogonales
Get PDFEn este trabajo se prueba que si A es una matriz nxn con coeficientes en un cuerpo cuyo polinomio característico tiene sus n raíces en ese cuerpo, entonces A es semejante a una matriz de Jordan. Si A es una matriz real cuyo polinomio característico no tiene todas sus raíces reales, se prueba que A es semejante a una matriz denominada forma de Jordan real que coincide con la forma de Jordan si todas las raíces son reales. Se calcula la forma de Jordan de una transformación ortogonal y se clasifican las transformaciones ortogonales
Nonleaching Biocidal N-Halamine-Functionalized Polyamine-, Guanidine-, and Hydantoin-Based Coatings
Get PDFFibrous materials with inherent antimicrobial properties can help in real-time deactivation of microorganisms, enabling multiple uses while reducing secondary infections. Coatings with antiviral polymers enhance the surface functionality for existing and potential future pandemics. Herein, we demonstrated a straightforward route toward biocidal surface creation using polymers with nucleophilic biguanide, guanidine, and hydantoin groups that are covalently attached onto a solid support. Biocidal poly(N-vinylguanidine) (PVG) and poly(allylamine-co-4-aminopyridine-co-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydantoin) (PAH) were introduced for coating applications along with commercially available polyvinylamine (PVAm) and poly(hexamethylene biguanide) (PHMB). Nonleaching coatings were created by first fabricating bifunctional siloxane or isocyanate precursor coatings on the cotton, nylon–cotton, and glass fiber fabric, followed by the polymer attachment. The developed grafting methods ensured the stability of the coating and the reuse of the material while maintaining the biocidal properties. Halogenation of polymer-coated fabric was conducted by aqueous solutions of sodium hypochlorite or in situ generation of hypobromous acid (HOBr), resulting in surfaces coated by N-halamines with high contents of active > N–Cl or > N–Br groups. The polymer-coated fabrics were stable in multiple laundry cycles and maintained hydrophilic character after coating and halogenation. Halogenated polymer-coated fabrics completely inactivated human respiratory coronavirus based on a contact-killing mechanism and were shown to be reusable after recharging with bromine or chlorineThe work was supported by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 [PID 2020-113881RB-I00], Spain, Xunta de Galicia [ED431C 2020/17; ED431C 2022/23], and FEDERS
Impact of Universal Use of the McGrath Videolaryngoscope as a Device for All Intubations in the Cardiac Operating Room. A Prospective Before-After VIDEOLAR-CAR Study
No full textObjective
Tracheal intubation in cardiac surgery patients has a higher incidence of difficult laryngoscopic views compared with patients undergoing other types of surgery. The authors hypothesized that using the McGrath Mac videolaryngoscope as the first intubation option for cardiac surgery patients improves the percentage of patients with “easy intubation” compared with using a direct Macintosh laryngoscope.
Design
A prospective, observational, before-after study.
Setting
At a tertiary-care hospital.
Participants
One thousand one hundred nine patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Intervention
Consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery were intubated using, as the first option, a Macintosh laryngoscope (preinterventional phase) or a McGrath Mac videolaryngoscope (interventional phase).
Measurements and Main Results
The main objective was to assess whether the use of the McGrath videolaryngoscope, as the first intubation option, improves the percentage of patients with “easy intubation,” defined as successful intubation on the first attempt, modified Cormack-Lehane grades of I or IIa, and the absence of the need for adjuvant airway devices. A total of 1,109 patients were included, 801 in the noninterventional phase and 308 in the interventional phase. The incidence of “easy intubation” was 93% in the interventional phase versus 78% in the noninterventional phase (p < 0.001). First-success-rate intubation was higher in the interventional phase (304/308; 98.7%) compared with the noninterventional phase (754/801, 94.1%; p = 0.005). Intubation in the interventional phase showed decreases in the incidence of difficult laryngoscopy (12/308 [3.9%] v 157/801 [19.6%]; p < 0.001), as well as moderate or difficult intubation (5/308 [1.6%] v 57/801 [7.1%]; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The use of the McGrath videolaryngoscope as the first intubation option for tracheal intubation in cardiac surgery improves the percentage of patients with “easy” intubation,” increasing glottic view and first-success-rate intubation and decreasing the incidence of moderate or difficult intubation.S
Screening of organic chemicals associated to virgin low-density polyethylene microplastic pellets exposed to the Mediterranean Sea environment by combining gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Get PDFIn this work, organic chemicals associated with microplastics (MPs) exposed to a coastal anthropogenized environment for up to eight weeks have been screened for, in order to discern the (de)sorption dynamics of chemicals in the marine ecosystem. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) pellets were studied since they represent primary MPs used by the plastic industry and a relevant input of MPs into the oceans. To maximize the coverage of chemicals that could be detected, both liquid and gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight (GC-QTOF and LC-QTOF, respectively) were used. In the case of LC-QTOF, an electrospray ionization source was employed, and the compounds were investigated by combining suspect and non-target screening workflows. The GC-QTOF was equipped with an electron ionization source and compounds were screened in raw and derivatized (silylated) extracts by deconvolution and contrast to high- and low-resolution libraries. A total of 50 compounds of multifarious classes were tentatively identified. Among them, melamine and 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS) were detected in the original MPs but were rapidly desorbed. Melamine was completely released into the marine environment, while EHS was partly released but a portion remained bound to the MPs. On the other hand, many other chemicals of both anthropogenic (e.g. phenanthrene or benzophenone) and natural origin (e.g. betaine and several fatty acids) accumulated onto MPs over time. Quantification of 12 unequivocally identified chemicals resulted into a total concentration of 810 μg/kg after MPs exposure for 8 weeks.The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by Xunta de Galicia (ref. ED431C 2021/06) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) and Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) - MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (PID2020-117686RB-C32, PID2020-117686RB-C33, TED2021-131303B-I00, CTM2017-84763-C3-2-R, CTM2017-84763-C3-3-R, CTM2017-90890-REDT and CTM2017-88332-R). Some of these projects are co-funded by FEDER/EDRF funds. R. Cela thanks the Galician Innovation Agency – Xunta de Galicia (001_IN853D-2022).S
The adaptation of working conditions for reasons of conciliation ex article 34.8 ET: a critical analysis in the light of rd-law 5/2023 and recent judicial pronouncements
Get PDFEl artículo examina las últimas modificaciones introducidas por el RD-ley 5/2023 en el régimen jurídico del derecho de las personas trabajadoras a solicitar adaptaciones en las condiciones de trabajo, para hacer efectivo su derecho a la conciliación de la vida familiar y laboral, regulado en el artículo34.8 ET. En concreto, se realiza un análisis jurisprudencial de las cuestiones más controvertidas sobre su ejercicio y se plantea la posibilidad de tomar en consideración la perspectiva de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo a la hora de efectuar el juicio de ponderación entre las necesidades de conciliación de la persona trabajadora y las organizativas y productivas de la empresa.This paper examines the latest modifications introduced by RD-Law 5/2023 in the legal regime of the right of workers to request adaptations to their working conditions, in order to make their right to work-life balance, regulated in artículo 34.8 ET, effective. Specifically, a case law analysis is carried out on the most controversial issues regarding the exercise of this right and the possibility of taking into consideration the perspective of health and safety at work when weighing up the needs of the worker and the organisational and productive needs of the company.Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto europeo Increasing Metalworkers’ representatives’ Awareness and Skills on Mental Health Protection & Promotion in the Workplace - IncreMe(n)tal (1237 SOCPL-2023-INFO-WK). El trabajo también se enmarca en el Grupo de Investigación GI-1876 “Empresa y Administración” de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Grupo de Referencia Competitiva del Sistema Universitario de Galicia - ED431C 2023/29. Xunta de Galicia.S
Comparative analysis of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains of food and human origin reveals overlapping populations
Get PDFGiven the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, it is of great interest to investigate the risk of transmission associated with the prevalence of this pathogen. Some studies have described fresh raw poultry meat as a reservoir of MDR K. pneumoniae, including clinically relevant sequence types (ST) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) strains, indicating possible consumer exposure. This study compared 47 MDR strains of K. pneumoniae from poultry meat and human clinical isolates to assess similarities, including analysis of antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence factors involved in infection. In addition, several biofilm culture methods were evaluated for reproducible assessment of biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae strains. Globally, no association between strain origin and STs, hypermucoviscosity, biofilm formation or serum resistance could be found between isolates of food and clinical origin, nor an associated AMR pattern, suggesting overlapping populations. We found that LB supplemented with glucose in microaerobiosis was the best discrimination condition for biofilm formation in the active attachment biofilm cultivation model. The biofilm formation capacity was strongly dependent on culture conditions, with a strain-specific response, but only a minor increase in biofilm levels was recorded in clinical K. pneumoniae populations. Our results suggest that a similar risk of zoonosis transmission from potentially virulent foodborne strains previously observed in E. coli is also present in this high-priority pathogen. This study further confirms that foodborne isolates of K. pneumoniae pose a risk to consumers and therefore this pathogen should be included in the surveillance of foodborne pathogens with high risk of MDR infections and therapeutic failureThe experiments performed in this work were financed with the projects and funds PID2019-104439RB-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Spain); ED431B 2020/13 and ED431C 2021/11 (Xunta de Galicia); ED431E 2018/09 (BioReDes); GRUPIN IDI/2022/000033 by the Regional Ministry of Science of Asturias (IDI/2022/000033). Sergio Silva-Bea was supported with the “Formación de Profesorado Universitario” program (FPU21/01147). Manuel Romero was supported by the Maria Zambrano program from the Spanish Ministry of UniversitiesS
Innovative films by embedding magnetic nanoparticles in cellulose acetate
Get PDFMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with different magnetic, physical, and chemical properties can be used to develop magnetic tags, offering a unique traceability capability that can then be used to improve products’ safety. In this work, synthesized MNPs were incorporated into a cellulose acetate (CA) matrix and characterized in their pristine form and when incorporated in the films. Results show that MNPs are different in composition, morphology, size, and magnetic response. Afterwards, iron carbide (Fe5C2), hexagonal-shaped (Fe3O4 @OA) and multicore magnetite (m-Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were embedded within the CA matrix showing and good distribution in the films’ matrix. Nevertheless, magnetic films with 0.1 wt% of Fe5C2 NPs (FM1), and m-Fe3O4 NPs (FM4) offered a more uniform dispersion of the NPs over the CA matrix. Incorporating MNPs does not affect the films' mechanical properties and water sensitivity. Nevertheless, the optical properties of the films were affected with high impact for the films with m-Fe3O4 NPs. Particularly for magnetic tagging, the CA films displayed similar magnetic responses to their respective bulk NPs, showing their potential as anti-counterfeiting tags for food packaging applicationsThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-112626RBC21), Modalities "Research Challenges" and "Knowledge Generation" and the Regional Consellería de Innovación Program for the Grupos de Referencia Competitiva 2021 – RC2021 project of Xunta de GaliciaS
Anaerobic Treatment of Domestic Wastewater: Present Status and Potentialities
Get PDFThe main challenge in wastewater treatment is changing the perception of wastewater as a waste product to be treated or disposed of, and instead seeing it as a source of energy and other valuable byproducts. This approach is in line with the basic principles of a circular economy, which replaces the ‘end-of-life’ concept with reducing, reusing, recycling, and recovering materials in production, distribution and consumption processes. The anaerobic treatment of wastewater aligns with these goals: energy, safe water and nutrients can all be recovered in the process. As a result, the anaerobic process could represent the best mainstream treatment option for domestic wastewater. The development of powerful technologies such as high-rate and membrane reactors is making anaerobic wastewater treatment more viable, especially in cold and moderate climate regions where the process is made more challenging due to the low process efficiency for dilute streams such as domestic wastewaters.
Anaerobic Treatment of Domestic Wastewater: Present Status and Potentialities presents the current state of knowledge and future perspectives of the anaerobic process applied as a mainstream treatment method of domestic wastewater. 12 chapters cover engineering, microbiology, process monitoring and control, sustainability, life-cycle assessment, and techno-economic analysis. Topical areas of research, including the fate of microplastics and antibiotic resistance in the treatment line, are also discussed.
This book provides all the necessary knowledge to analyse, evaluate, design, and implement anaerobic bioreactors for domestic wastewater treatment, making it essential reading for doctoral and master's students of water treatment subjects, and professionals or researchers in the water sector
Sobre a tradución de Carmen Blanco: A feliz negación das fronteiras. Carmen Blanco tradutora
Get PDFInclúe unha interpretación de Carmen Blanc debuxada por Sara Lama
Neuroanatomía comparada de la comunicación química en cánidos: un estudio de los sistemas vomeronasal y olfativo principal en perro, lobo y zorro
No full textEsta tesis investiga la comunicación química en cánidos,
destacando cómo la domesticación ha modulado sus sistemas
olfativos. Se utilizaron técnicas de anatomía e histología para
examinar los subsistemas olfativos, revelando diferencias
significativas en la expresión de proteínas y en la estructura
celular. Los hallazgos sugieren adaptaciones únicas en
cánidos salvajes para la percepción olfativa, incluyendo un
sistema olfativo más complejo en el zorro y mecanismos de
integración olfativa aún desconocidos en el lobo. A pesar de
cierta uniformidad en los sistemas olfativos, se observó una
involución en los perros, probablemente debido a la
domesticación. Este estudio abre nuevas direcciones para
investigaciones futuras en biología de la conservación y la
relación entre domesticación, adaptación y evolución sensorial