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Monitoring the bioeconomy: Value chains under the framework of life cycle assessment indicators
Get PDFThe transition towards a more environmentally friendly economy can be facilitated through the bioeconomy, which relies on the use of biological resources, processes and methods to provide goods and services. However, bio-based value chains are not inherently sustainable and require careful monitoring and assessment of their impacts across all dimensions of sustainability (environmental, economic and social). Quantifying and understanding these impacts require the use of robust frameworks and methodological approaches that are currently lacking, which could be considered a gap in achieving a more sustainable bioeconomy. In this context, the objective of this research report is to fill this gap by identifying and selecting the most appropriate environmental, social and economic indicators within the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to ensure a comprehensive assessment of environmental and socio-economic constraints and an effective analysis of bio-based value chains at all stages of the life cycle, from raw material extraction to end-of-life management. A total of 17, 26 and 101 indicators were identified for the environmental, economic and social pillars, respectively. In addition, existing gaps were highlighted, and a future framework was outlined to refine and enrich the currently available indicators and the underlying methodology.
The indicators provided constitute a building block for effectively exploring and assessing the sustainability of bio-based value chains by a wide range of stakeholders (e.g., policy makers, entrepreneurs, certification bodies) to facilitate informed decision-making, pave the way for balanced economic growth, improve social welfare and environmental protection, and overall promote more sustainable and resilient bio-based value chains.This research has been supported by the STAR4BBS (No 101060588) project, funded by the European Commission HORIZONsingle bondCL6–2021-ZEROPOLLUTION-01, the project Transition to sustainable agri-food sector bundling life cycle assessment and ecosystem services approaches (ALISE) (TED2021–130309B-I00), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR, and the project Biological Resources Certifications Schemes (BIORECER), funded by European Research Executive Agency under call HORIZONsingle bondCL6–2021-ZEROPOLLUTION-01 (101060684). A. Arias also thanks the Galician Government for financial support (Grant reference ED481B-2023–072). S. Lago-Olveira, A. Arias, R. Rebolledo-Leiva, G. Feijoo, S. González-García and MT. Moreira belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC ED431C 2021/37) and to the Cross-disciplinary Research in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS Research Center, ED431E 2018/01).S
The Efficacy of the SinHumo App Combined With a Psychological Treatment to Quit Smoking: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Get PDFIntroduction
This study assessed the efficacy of the SinHumo App combined with a cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment on 12-month follow-up abstinence, compared with the same smoking cessation treatment and a control App.
Aims and Methods
A sample of 288 treatment-seeking people who smoke were randomized: SinHumo App plus smoking cessation treatment (n = 140) and control App plus smoking cessation treatment (n = 148). The primary outcome was 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at the 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were abstinence rates at the end of the intervention and 3- and 6-month follow-ups, cigarette per day (CPD) reduction over the 12-month follow-up, intervention engagement, and satisfaction.
Results
Intention-to-treat analyses showed nonsignificant differences in self-reported 7-day PPA at the 12-month follow-up (37.1 and 42.6%, respectively; OR = 0.80). No significant differences were found in abstinence at the end of the treatment (68.6 vs. 62.8%) nor on 7-day PPA at 3- (35.7 vs. 45.9%) and 6-month (35.0 vs. 41.2%) follow-up. Complete case and multiple imputation analyses yielded similar results for abstinence outcomes. A significant reduction in CPD across the 12-month follow-up in the subsample of participants who smoked was observed, but nonsignificant differences between conditions were found. Higher engagement with the SinHumo App was a significant predictor of 12-month abstinence. Satisfaction with the intervention was high and similar in both groups.
Conclusions
High abstinence rates over the 12-month follow-up and satisfaction were found in both conditions. The inclusion of the SinHumo App did not improve abstinence rates in the intervention.
Implications
Scarce research has examined the long-term efficacy of smoking cessation treatments, including Apps, to support the quitting process. The present randomized controlled trial contributes to the existing literature about including information and communication technologies in behavior change interventions. The development of effective smoking cessation apps and information and communication technologies-based interventions is crucial for reducing the prevalence of smoking, as these interventions have the potential to reach a large number of people who smoke and reduce access-related barriers to treatment.This work was supported by a grant from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (Project PID2019-109400RB-100; 10.13039/501100011033.A) and co-financed by FEDER (European Regional Development Fund).S
Race and indigeneity in human microbiome science: microbiomisation and the historiality of otherness
Get PDFThis article reformulates Stephan Helmreich´s the ¨microbiomisation of race¨ as the historiality of otherness in the foundations of human microbiome science. Through the lens of my ethnographic fieldwork of a transnational community of microbiome scientists that conducted a landmark human microbiome research on indigenous microbes and its affiliated and first personalised microbiome initiative, the American Gut Project, I follow and trace the key actors, experimental systems and onto-epistemic claims in the emergence of human microbiome science a decade ago. In doing so, I show the links between the reinscription of race, comparative research on the microbial genetic variation of human populations and the remining of bioprospected data for personalised medicine. In these unpredictable research movements, the microbiome of non-Western peoples and territories is much more than a side project or a specific approach within the field: it constitutes the nucleus of its experimental system, opening towards subsequent and cumulative research processes and knowledge production in human microbiome science. The article demonstrates that while human microbiome science is articulated upon the microbial ‘makeup’ of non-wester(nised) communities, societies, and locales, its results and therapeutics are only applicable to medical conditions affecting rich nations (i.e., inflammatory, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases). My reformulation of ¨microbiomisation of race¨ as the condition of possibility of human microbiome science reveals that its individual dimension is sustained by microbial DNA data from human populations through bioprospecting practices and gains meaning through personalised medicine initiatives, informal online networks of pseudoscientific and commodified microbial-related evidenceOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer NatureS
Green CO2 technology for the preparation of aerogel dry powder loaded with beclomethasone dipropionate
Get PDFDry powder inhalers (DPIs) have gained increasing clinical acceptance in the local treatment of lung diseases due to their ability to meet the evolving needs of patients while avoiding environmental concerns. However, some formulations for DPIs still encounter performance limitations in terms of aerodynamic properties and achievement of therapeutic doses. Innovative aerogel powder formulations for DPIs processed using combined supercritical CO2 (scCO2)-based technologies can overcome these limitations, especially in the case of poorly water-soluble drugs. The loading of hydrophobic drugs into aerogels can be optimized through a thorough understanding of the physicochemical properties of the formulation and the scCO2 processing conditions. In this study, drug-loaded alginate aerogel particles were prepared by combining gelation-emulsification techniques and scCO2-based technologies. Beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), a hydrophobic corticosteroid, was incorporated into the aerogel matrix by scCO2 impregnation. The influence of contact time, initial amount of drug, and use of co-solvents on the efficiency of scCO2 impregnation were studied. The kinetics of the BDP adsorption process was modelled to elucidate the time required for the drug to attain equilibrium concentration under specific operating conditions. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption and helium pycnometry revealed particles with large surface area (>200 m2/g) and porosity (ca. 90%). The resulting aerogels had excellent aerodynamic properties at relevant BDP doses, as confirmed by in vitro lung deposition tests. Ex vivo permeability tests with porcine lung tissues evidenced that BDP released from the inhaled formulation could penetrate the bronchial tissueWork supported by MICINN [PID2020–120010RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033], Agencia Estatal de Investigación [AEI] and FEDER funds. This publication is based upon work from ECO-AERoGELS COST Innovation Grant (ref. IG18125) supported by the European Commission. Th. D. acknowledges the support of Diputación Provincial de A Coruña for research in health science 2022–2023 (BINV-CS/2022) and of AERoGELS COST Action (ref. CA18125) for a Short Term Scientific Missions (STSM) grant to undergo the in vitro aerodynamic drug deposition tests of aerogels in the University of Parma (Italy). Clara López-Iglesias acknowledges Xunta de Galicia for her Postdoctoral contract (ED481B 2021/008). The authors would like to thank Ezequiel Vázquez Fernández, Carlos Illanes-Bordomás and Miguel Pereira-Silva (University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain) for their valuable support and technical help with Raman spectroscopy, analysis of SEM images and dialysis method in in vitro drug release studies, respectivelyS
Closed-Form Gaussian Spread Estimation for Small and Large Support Vector Classification
Get PDFThe support vector machine (SVM) with Gaussian kernel often achieves state-of-the-art performance in classification problems, but requires the tuning of the kernel spread. Most optimization methods for spread tuning require training, being slow and not suited for large-scale datasets. We formulate an analytic expression to calculate, directly from data without iterative search, the spread minimizing the difference between Gaussian and ideal kernel matrices. The proposed direct gamma tuning (DGT) equals the performance of and is one to two orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the art approaches on 30 small datasets. Combined with random sampling of training patterns, it also runs on large classification problems. Our method is very efficient in experiments with 20 large datasets up to 31 million of patterns, it is faster and performs significantly better than linear SVM, and it is also faster than iterative minimization. Code is available upon paper acceptance from this link: http://persoal.citius.usc.es/ manuel.fernandez.delgado/papers/dgt/index.html and from CodeOcean: https://codeocean.com/capsule/4271163/tree/v1.S
Evaluación de la credibilidad y huella psicológica en casos de violencia de género: adaptación del sistema de evaluación global al contexto colombiano
No full textLa violencia basada en el género en Colombia es un grave
problema que afecta a un número significativo de mujeres en
el país. Con el objetivo de abordar esta problemática, se realizó
adaptación del Sistema de Evaluación Global (SEG) en el
contexto colombiano con víctimas reales y simuladas. Se puso a
prueba la validez predictiva y discriminante de los
sistemas categoriales de suficiencia y validez del SEG, valorar
el sistema categorial de análisis de contenido del
protocolo, comparar el daño psicológico y evaluar la eficacia de
las medidas de simulación de víctimas verdaderas y
simuladas. Los resultados muestran que el 70% de las
declaraciones fabricadas de violencia de pareja no fueron
consideradas como prueba válida y suficiente. Además, se
hallan sintomatologías clínicas diferentes entre los grupos de
estudio.2025-04-0
El periodismo cultural en Quito después de Guayasamin (1999-2019)
No full textEste trabajo doctoral analiza el periodismo cultural en Quito
- Ecuador, a lo largo de las primeras dos décadas del S. XXI,
centrándose específicamente en la cobertura de las artes plásticas
por parte de los suplementos culturales Cartón Piedra y Artes
Cultura, así como de la revista Mundo Diners.
Empleando una metodología cualitativa, se realizaron diversas
actividades etnográficas, entrevistas en profundidad, observación
participante y revisión documental para examinar las características
de estos medios cullturales. La recopilación de datos se efectuó
mediante el uso de formularios y tablas, registrando información
sobre géneros periodísticos, titulares y figuras clave en el
periodismo cultural durante este periodo
Factores clave para el éxito del aprendizaje colaborativo en línea en la educación superior: percepciones del alumnado
Get PDFEl aprendizaje colaborativo en línea (CSCL) ha experimentado un impulso considerable después de las restricciones sufridas durante la pandemia y, por ello, es necesario analizar su fundamentación y las condiciones que inciden en su óptimo desarrollo. El propósito de este estudio ha consistido en elaborar un modelo a través del que se analizan los factores clave que inciden en el desarrollo del aprendizaje colaborativo en línea. Participaron 799 estudiantes de educación superior con experiencia en este tipo de metodología. Se empleó un cuestionario, organizado en 7 constructos, a partir del que se generó un modelo de investigación con variables de tipo reflectivo a través de la técnica Partial Least Squares (PLS), obteniéndose una elevada capacidad predictiva (R2 =0.712). Se confirmaron las 10 hipótesis establecidas que sustentaban el modelo. Se constató que las variables satisfacción, percepción de uso y disfrute, y dinámicas de grupo poseían una influencia positiva y significativa respecto a las percepciones del alumnado sobre el aprendizaje colaborativo en línea. Se identificaron también variables mediadoras de gran interés como es el caso del soporte emocional intra-grupo (R2 =0.595) y su vinculación con la percepción de alegría y disfrute, así como la importancia de las herramientas en línea y de las dinámicas de grupo como elementos fundamentales para desenvolver, en el seno de los equipos de trabajo, un adecuado apoyo emocional en el marco de procesos de CSCL. Finalmente, se contrastan estos resultados y su incidencia en la mejora de la enseñanza en la educación superior al implementar el CSCL.Online collaborative learning (CSCL) has expanded considerably following the restrictions imposed during the pandemic, leading to a need to analyse its foundations and the conditions that affect how well it is delivered. The aim of this study was to develop a model in order to analyse the key factors affecting purposeful online collaborative learning. The participants in the study were 799 students in higher education who had experienced this type of methodology. A questionnaire was created, organized into 7 constructs. This was used to produce a research model with reflective variables using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique, which demonstrated good predictive ability (R2=0.712). The 10 hypotheses underpinning the model were confirmed. The results indicate that variables such as satisfaction, perceptions of use and enjoyment, and group dynamics had a significant, positive influence on students’ perceptions of online collaborative learning. Mediating variables of interest were also identified, such as intra-group emotional support (R2=0.595)—with its link to perceived enjoyment—and the importance of online tools and group dynamics as fundamental elements for developing proper emotional support within the framework of CSCL processes. Finally, the results are discussed, along with their impact on improving teaching in higher education when implementing CSCL.El presente artículo ha sido financiado parcialmente gracias a la ayuda competitiva concedida en 2023 por el Consejo Social de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, en el marco del proyecto de Formación e Innovación Educativa -Forinnova Lite- (Referencia: 2023-PU013).S
Recycled tire rubber materials in the spotlight. Determination of hazardous and lethal substances
Get PDFOne way of recycling end-of-life tires is by shredding them to obtain crumb rubber, a microplastic material (<0.5 mm), used as infill in artificial turf sports fields or as playground flooring. There is emerging concern about the health and environmental consequences that this type of surfaces can cause. This research aims to develop an analytical methodology able to determine 11 compounds of environmental and health concern, including antiozonants such as N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) or N, N´-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPD), and vulcanization and crosslinking agents, such as N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS), 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG) or hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) from tire rubber. Ultrasound assisted extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UAE-LC-MS/MS) is validated demonstrating suitability. The methodology is applied to monitor the target compounds in forty real crumb rubber samples of different origin including, football pitches, outdoor and indoor playgrounds, urban pavements, commercial samples, and tires. Several alternative infill materials, such as sand, cork granulates, thermoplastic elastomers and coconut fibres, are also collected and analysed. All the target analytes are identified and quantified in the crumb rubber samples. The antiozonant 6PPD is present at the highest concentrations up to 0.2 % in new synthetic fields. The tire rubber-derived chemical 6PPD-quinone (2-((4-methylpentan-2-yl)amino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione), recently linked to acute mortality in salmons, is found in all types of crumb rubber samples attaining concentrations up to 40 μg g−1 in football pitches. The crosslinking agent HMMM is detected in most of the playing surfaces, at concentrations up to 36 μg g−1. The tested infill alternatives are free of most of the target compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the largest study considering the target compounds in tire rubber particles and the first to focus on these compounds in playgrounds including the analysis of HMMM, 6PPD-quinone and DTG in crumb rubber used as an infill material.This research was supported by projects PID2022-140148OB-I00 and RED2022-134079-T (Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Spain), and ED431B 2023/04 and IN607B 2022/15 (Xunta de Galicia). This study is also based upon work from the Sample Preparation Study Group and Network, supported by the Division of Analytical Chemistry of the European Chemical Society. All these programs are co-funded by FEDER (UE).S
Evolución clínica de los pretérminos menores de 32 semanas tratados con sulfato de magnesio como neuroprotector
Get PDFEl tratamiento con sulfato de magnesio prenatal ha demostrado
su eficacia en reducir la parálisis cerebral en los menores
de 32 semanas de edad gestacional. Estudiamos la evolución de
los niños tratados con sulfato de magnesio en el
Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro desde la instauración del protocolo
de administración en 2012. Hemos puesto de manifiesto
que la importancia del efecto neuroprotector del sulfato de
magnesio reside en la dosis que se administre. Se ha
relacionado el descenso en la incidencia de parálisis cerebral
con una dosis mínima eficaz de 6 g, lo que equivale a un
tiempo de administración de 140 minutos y una dosis ideal
mínima de 8 g. Tenemos que buscar estrategias conjuntas
entre obstetras y neonatólogos para optimizar el número de
embarazadas de menos de 32 semanas que se beneficien de
este tratamiento